Zigawo za magazi ndi ntchito zake

Zamkati

• Zigawo zamagazi
• 1. Madzi a m'magazi
• 2. Maselo ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte
• 3. Leukocytes kapena maselo oyera a magazi
• 4. Ma Platelet kapena ma thrombocyte
• Mitundu yamagazi

Magazi ndi chinthu chamadzimadzi chomwe chimagwira ntchito zofunikira kuti thupi ligwire bwino ntchito, monga kupatsira okosijeni, michere ndi mahomoni m'maselo, kuteteza thupi kuzinthu zakunja ndi kuwukira ndi kuwongolera chamoyo, kuphatikiza pakuchita kuchotsa zinthu zopangidwa ndimagulu azinthu zomwe siziyenera kukhala mthupi, monga carbon dioxide ndi urea.

Magazi amapangidwa ndi madzi, ma enzyme, mapuloteni, michere ndi maselo, monga maselo ofiira amwazi, ma platelets ndi ma leukocyte, omwe ndi maselo omwe amachititsa magazi kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti ma cell akuyenda mokwanira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Kusintha kwa magulu am'magazi kungakhale kofunikira kuzindikira matenda ena omwe angakhalepo, monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, leukemia, kutupa kapena matenda, mwachitsanzo, omwe ayenera kuchiritsidwa.

Chiyeso chomwe chimayesa maselo amwaziwo chimadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa magazi ndipo sikofunikira kuti muzichita mayeso awa, zimangowonetsedwa kuti mupewe zakumwa zoledzeretsa maola 48 mayeso asanakwane ndikupewa zochitika zathupi tsiku limodzi dzana, momwe angathere kusokoneza zotsatira. Onani kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi momwe mungatanthauzire.

Zigawo zamagazi

Magazi amapangidwa ndi gawo lamadzi komanso gawo lolimba. Gawo lamadzi limatchedwa plasma, 90% yake ndimadzi okhaokha ndipo enawo amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni, michere ndi michere.

Gawo lolimba limapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa, zomwe ndi maselo monga maselo ofiira, ma leukocyte ndi ma platelets ndipo amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi.

1. Madzi a m'magazi

Madzi a m'magazi ndi gawo lamadzi lamagazi, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osasintha komanso achikasu. Plasma imapangidwa mchiwindi ndipo mapuloteni akulu omwe alipo ndi ma globulins, albumin ndi fibrinogen. Plasma imagwira ntchito yotumiza kaboni dayokisaidi, michere ndi poizoni wopangidwa ndimaselo, kuphatikiza pakukhala ndi udindo wonyamula mankhwala mthupi lonse.

2. Maselo ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte

Maselo ofiira ofiira ndi gawo lolimba, lofiira la magazi lomwe limagwira ntchito yonyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse, popeza lili ndi hemoglobin. Maselo ofiira ofiira amapangidwa ndi mafupa, amatha pafupifupi masiku 120 ndipo nthawiyo ikawonongeka pachiwindi ndi ndulu.

Kuchuluka kwa ma cell ofiira mu 1 cubic mm mwa amuna pafupifupi 5 miliyoni ndipo mwa amayi ndi pafupifupi 4.5 miliyoni, pamene mfundozi zili zosayembekezereka, munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Chiwerengerochi chitha kuchitika kudzera pakuyeza komwe kumatchedwa kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi.

Ngati mwayezetsa magazi posachedwa ndipo mukufuna kumvetsetsa zotsatira zake, lembani zambiri apa:

3. Leukocytes kapena maselo oyera a magazi

Ma leukocyte ndi omwe amateteza zamoyozo ndipo amapangidwa ndi mafupa ndi ma lymph node. Leukocytes amapangidwa ndi neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes ndi monocytes.

• Neutrophils: Amathandizira kulimbana ndi zotupa zazing'ono komanso matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya kapena bowa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ngati kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil, munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi kutupa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya kapena bowa. Ma neutrophil amapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti owopsawo akhale opanda ntchito, koma amafa ndikupangitsa mafinya. Ngati mafinyawa satuluka mthupi, amayamba kutupa ndi kutupuka.
• Zojambulajambula: Amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso kusokonezeka.
• Basophils: Amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa, amatulutsa kutulutsa kwa histamine, komwe kumayambitsa kupuma kwa magazi kuti maselo ambiri otetezera athe kufikira dera lofunikira kuthetseratu wothandizirayo.
• Ma lymphocyte: Amakonda kupezeka m'mitsempha yam'mimba koma amapezeka m'magazi ndipo ali amitundu iwiri: Maselo a B ndi T omwe amateteza ma antibodies omwe amalimbana ndi ma virus komanso ma cell a khansa.
• Ma monocyte: Amatha kuchoka m'magazi ndipo amadziwika ndi phagocytosis, yomwe imapha kupha wolowererayo ndikupereka gawo la wowonongekayo ku T lymphocyte kuti ma cell ambiri achitetezo apangidwe.

Mvetsetsani zambiri pazomwe ma leukocyte ali komanso malingaliro ake.

4. Ma Platelet kapena ma thrombocyte

Ma Platelet ndiwo maselo omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asatuluke ndikupanga magazi. Milicimita imodzi ya millimeter yamagazi iyenera kukhala ndi mapulateleti 150,000 mpaka 400,000.

Munthu atakhala ndi ma platelet ocheperako kuposa momwe zimakhalira pakavuta kusiya magazi, pakhoza kukhala kutaya magazi komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuimfa, ndipo pakakhala ma platelet ochulukirapo kuposa zachilendo pamakhala chiopsezo cha mapangidwe a thrombus omwe amatha kuchotsa malo ena am'magazi omwe angayambitse infarction, stroko kapena pulmonary embolism. Onani zomwe mapaleti apamwamba ndi otsika angatanthauze.

Mitundu yamagazi

Magazi amatha kugawa m'magulu molingana ndi kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa ma antigen A ndi B pamtunda wamagazi ofiira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yamagazi 4 itha kufotokozedwa malinga ndi mtundu wa ABO:

1. Mtundu wamagazi A, momwe maselo ofiira ofiira ali ndi antigen A pamwamba pake ndikupanga ma anti-B;
2. Mtundu wamagazi B, momwe maselo ofiira ofiira ali ndi antigen B kumtunda kwawo ndikupanga ma anti-A;
3. Mtundu wamagazi AB, momwe maselo ofiira ofiira amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya antigen pamtunda wawo;
4. Mtundu wamagazi O, momwe ma erythrocyte alibe ma antigen, ndikupanga anti-A ndi anti-B antigen.

Mtundu wamagazi umadziwika pobadwa kudzera pakuwunika kwa labotale. Dziwani zonse za mtundu wamagazi anu.

Dziwani zambiri zamitundu yamagazi ndikumvetsetsa momwe zoperekazo zimagwirira ntchito, muvidiyo yotsatirayi: