Zomwe Atsikana Ayenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kuledzera

Zamkati

• Zomwe Ma Stats Anena
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuwonjezeka
• Zizindikiro Zauchidakwa
• Onaninso za

Kuchokera pamisonkhano yama brunch mpaka madeti oyamba kupita kumaphwando tchuthi, ndizosatsimikizika kuti mowa umakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'miyoyo yathu. Ndipo ngakhale ambiri a ife timadziwa zabwino zathanzi lakumwa pang'ono (Ed Sheeran adataya mapaundi 50 podula mowa), anthu ambiri safuna kusiya kumwa kwa mwezi wopitilira (onani pa You Dry Januware!).

Koma zotsatira za kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa zimapitilira kunyamula mapaundi ena owonjezera: Chiwerengero cha achinyamata (zaka 25 mpaka 34) omwe akumwalira ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda a cirrhosis chikuchulukirachulukira, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa. BMJ-ndipo kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndiye dalaivala wamkulu wa chiwonjezeko chakuphachi. Izi zimayendera limodzi ndi zakuti uchidakwa ukuwonjezeka ndikuti ukukula mofulumira mwa amayi, makamaka pakati pa atsikana.

Ngati iyi ndi nkhani kwa inu, tili pano kuti tiyankhe mafunso ofunikira, monga omwe ali pachiwopsezo, chomwe chikuyambitsa kusinthaku, ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi mowa omwe muyenera kusamala nawo.

Zomwe Ma Stats Anena

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wasindikizidwa mu JAMA Psychiatry adayang'ana zakumwa zoledzeretsa ku US kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2002 komanso kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2013, ndipo adapeza kuti wachikulire m'modzi mwa anthu asanu ndi atatu ku US amakwaniritsa njira yogwiritsa ntchito mowa, omwe ndi uchidakwa. Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana anthu omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiritso zakumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena kudalira mowa, zonsezi zomwe zimathandizira kukwaniritsa njira zodziwitsa anthu zauchidakwa. (Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zomwe zimayenera kukhala mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kudalira, mutha kudziwa zonse kudzera ku National Institutes of Health.)

Ndizodabwitsa mwazokha, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi ichi: Pakati pa akuluakulu osakwanitsa zaka 30, mmodzi mwa anayi amakwaniritsa zofunikira. Ndi nambala yodabwitsa. Limodzi mwa magulu omwe adawonjezeka kwambiri pakati pa 2001 ndi 2013? Akazi. Ndipo si ziwerengero zomwe zikunena nkhaniyi. Opereka chithandizo akuwona kuchuluka kwa odwala achikazi, makamaka achichepere. "Ndawona kukwera kosalekeza," akutero Charlynn Ruan, Ph.D., katswiri wazamisala wa ku Los Angeles komanso woyambitsa wa Thrive Psychology LA. "Ndimagwira ntchito ndi azimayi, ndipo kumwa mowa ndi vuto lalikulu ndi anzanga aku koleji komanso makasitomala oyamba ntchito."

Chizoloŵezicho chimakhala chokhalitsa kuposa koleji, komabe. "Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa pagulu la achinyamata, kuyambira 25 mpaka 34," akutero a Joseph Galati, MD, katswiri wazachipatala wa ku Houston yemwe amachita bwino posamalira odwala matenda a chiwindi. "Ena adalumikizana ndi kuchepa kwachuma zaka 10 zapitazo, pomwe ena atha kunena zakusintha kwachuma ndi ndalama zomwe angagwiritse ntchito pa zosangalatsa komanso kumwa mowa. M'machitidwe anga, ndawonapo kuwonjezeka kwakumwa mowa kwambiri kumapeto kwa sabata, Achinyamata ambiri samamvetsetsa kuopsa kwa kumwa mowa, kuledzera, ndi kusiyana kwa chiwopsezo cha chiwindi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Zowonadi: Mowa umakhudza matupi a akazi mosiyana ndi amuna, malinga ndi National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Amayi amaledzedwa mwachangu ndikusintha mowa mosiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa (kutanthauza zakumwa zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposerapo pa sabata, malinga ndi CDC) zitha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ena, makamaka khansa ya m'mawere ndi matenda a ubongo.

Ngakhale kuti si anthu onse omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa omwe ndi zidakwa, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti azimayi azaka zaku koleji amatha kupitilira malangizo omwa mowa kuposa azaka zakukoleji. Ndipo FYI, kuti awoneke ngati "chidakhwa," munthu ayenera kukwaniritsa zomwe angathe kumwa kapena kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa-kutanthauza kuti mwina akukumana ndi zovuta pamoyo wawo chifukwa chakumwa kwawo kapena amalakalaka mowa pafupipafupi. Ndipo zikadali zoona kuti amuna ndi omwe amakhala zidakwa kuposa akazi (ziwerengero zapano zikuwonetsa kuti 4.5 peresenti ya amuna ku US amayenera kukhala zidakwa pomwe 2.5 peresenti ya azimayi amatero, ngakhale ziwerengero zonsezi zakula kuyambira kafukufukuyu. idachitidwa), pali kuzindikira pang'ono pazovuta zomwe amayi amakumana nazo zokhudzana ndi uchidakwa, akatswiri akuti. "Pachizindikiro choyamba cha vuto azimayi amafunika kuzindikira, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azimayi kumakonda kupita patsogolo mwachangu kuchoka pakumwa koyamba kukhala chizolowezi kuposa amuna," atero a Patricia O'Gorman, Ph.D., katswiri wama psychologist komanso wolemba.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuwonjezeka

Nthawi zambiri, azimayi amaphunzira machitidwe okhudzana ndi mowa ku koleji-kapena ngakhale kusekondale. Umu ndi mmene zinalili ndi Emily, mtsikana wazaka 25 yemwe sanachedwe ali ndi zaka 21. Iye anati: “Ndinkamwa mowa koyamba popanda chilolezo cha makolo anga ndili ndi zaka 15,” akutero. Zinayamba ngati zosowa, kenako zidayamba kukhala zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso kuchita mosasamala - ndi zaka zake zocheperako komanso zapamwamba zaku sekondale. "Izi zinapitirira kwa zaka zitatu mpaka nditangobadwa kumene ndili ndi zaka 21. Ndinali m'modzi mwa zidakwa zomwe sanatenge nthawi kuti ziwonekere - kuchoka pa 0 mpaka 90 pasanathe mphindi imodzi."

Akatswiri amati zomwe zimachitikira Emily si zachilendo, ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha zithunzi zomwe achinyamata amaziwona. "Tikukhala m'dziko lomwe anthu amalengeza zakumwa zoledzeretsa kuti zithandizire kukhala m'malo atsopano, kupumula, komanso kusangalala," akutero O'Gorman. Pokhala ndi zithunzi zambiri za mowa ndi "mapindu" ake, nkosavuta kumvetsetsa momwe achinyamata amakhalira ndi mayanjano abwino ndi zinthuzo. Tangowonani akaunti yabodza ya Instagram yomwe idapangidwa kuti idziwitse anthu za uchidakwa, womwe udapeza otsatira 68,000 m'miyezi iwiri yokha. Bungwe lotsatsa malonda lidaphatikiza akauntiyo, yomwe idawonetsa mtsikana wowoneka bwino yemwe ali ndi mowa wosadziwika bwino womwe amawonetsedwa patsamba lililonse, kwa kasitomala wawo wochira, ndipo adatsimikizira mosavuta mfundo yawo kuti sikuti kumwa mowa mwa achinyamata nthawi zambiri kumapita. osadziwika, koma anthu amakonda kuona zithunzi zokongola za mowa.

Ponena za chifukwa chomwe azimayi ambiri akumwa kuposa kale, akatswiri akuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasewera. “Chimodzi n’chakuti zoyembekeza za anthu ndi zikhalidwe zasintha,” akutero Jennifer Wider, M.D., katswiri wa zaumoyo wa amayi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa mu JAMA Psychiatry ananena kuti akazi ambiri akamayamba kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi maphunziro omwe angasankhe, kumwa kwawo moŵa kungachulukenso.” Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku wotsimikizirika wosonyeza kuti n’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili choncho, n’kutheka kuti zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. monga azimayi ndi abambo omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zofananira zokhudzana ndi ntchito, kapena kufunitsitsa "kupitilizabe" ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa muofesi.

Pomaliza, pali mfundo yakuti wachinyamata Amayi makamaka samadziwika kuti "ali pachiwopsezo" chomwa mowa, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti zizindikire. "Ndikulakalaka anthu atadziwa kuti msinkhu sindiwo wofunikira kudziwa ngati ungakhale chidakwa kapena ayi," akutero Emily. "Ndinadziuza ndekha kwa zaka zambiri kuti ndinali wamng'ono kwambiri kuti ndikhale chidakwa komanso kuti ndinkangosangalala ngati mwana wina aliyense wa sekondale, mwana wa koleji, (mumadzaza mawuwo)." Kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi chizolowezi mpaka pano kuchira, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amuna ndi akazi onse komanso mibadwo yonse ali pachiwopsezo. "Maganizidwe amisonkhano yamasitepe 12 yokhala ndi anthu ambiri ndi amuna azaka zapakati ndiwongoyerekeza."

Zizindikiro Zauchidakwa

Kuledzera sikumadziwika nthawi zonse, makamaka kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo limodzi "limodzi." "Munthu amatha kukhala osasamala sabata yonse, kenako kumwa mopitirira muyeso kumapeto kwa sabata," akutero Ruan. "Kumbali inayi, mkazi akhoza kukhala ndi vuto usiku uliwonse, koma osadziletsa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe kumwa kwake kumakhudzira kachitidwe kake, maubwenzi, ndi thanzi lake." Ngati ena mwa maderawa akuvutika ndipo kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kumwa mowa sikugwira ntchito, pakhoza kukhala vuto lomwe likuyenera kuthetsedwa.

"Sindinamwe tsiku lililonse," atero a Katy, azaka 32 omwe akhala osledzera zaka zinayi. "Nthawi zonse ndinali chidakwa. Ndinkapita masiku kapena masabata popanda, koma pamene ndinadya, kulamulira kuchuluka kwa zomwe ndadya sikunali kotheka. Sindinathe kusiya kumwa mowa nditangoyamba, makamaka paphwando," Akutero. Izi ndizofala kwambiri, malinga ndi O'Gorman, ndipo kwa ambiri, zimapangitsa kuti vutoli likhale lovuta. "Kuledzera kumakhudzana ndi zomwe mankhwalawa amakukhudzani, koposa momwe mumazigwiritsira ntchito kangapo, ndipo izi zimakhudzana ndi sayansi ya nkhanza ndi chizolowezi," akufotokoza. "Ngati mumangomwa kamodzi pachaka koma osatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa momwe mumamwa komanso osakumbukira zomwe mudachita, ndiye kuti muli ndi vuto."

Ndiye muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati muli ndi nkhawa zakumwa kwanu? “Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu wa chisamaliro kapena dokotala wamaganizo kapena phungu,” akulingalira motero Thomas Franklin, M.D., mkulu wa zachipatala wa The Retreat at Sheppard Pratt. "Nthawi zambiri uphungu wochepa wa uphungu ungathandize kwambiri. Pazovuta zambiri zoledzeretsa zoledzeretsa, pali milingo yambiri ya chithandizo chomwe chimapezeka kuchokera kwa odwala kunja kupyolera mu chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa iwo omwe angachitengere mozama. Misonkhano ya AA) imagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu ambiri, " Komanso, ndi anthu ambiri pamaso pa anthu akutsegula za kudziletsa kwawo kapena kuvutika kuti akhale osaledzera (Demi Lovato pakati pawo) ndi kafukufuku wochuluka wochitidwa pa kufalikira kwa uchidakwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, tsogolo ndiloposa chiyembekezo.

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