Zonse Zokhudza Kukhazikika Kwachinthu ndi Mwana Wanu

Zamkati

• Kodi chinthu chokhazikika ndi chiyani?
• Zimachitika liti?
• Yesetsani kudandaula
• Kukoma kwanzeru kwamalingaliro a Piaget
• Kafukufuku wofufuza wokhudzana ndi chinthu chosatha
• Mbali yovuta kwambiri yazinthu zosatha: nkhawa yolekanitsa
• Masewera omwe mutha kusewera pano
• Chithunzithunzi
• Bisani kuti mupeze
• Masewera ena: Kodi bokosi lokhazikika ndi chiyani?
• Kutenga

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kodi chinthu chokhazikika ndi chiyani?

Zitha kumveka ngati zamankhwala, koma kukhazikika ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe mumakonda kusangalala ndi mwana wanu. Mwachidule, chinthu chosatha chimatanthauza kuti mwana wanu amamvetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe sangathe kuziwona - inu, chikho chawo, chiweto - zilipobe.

Mukabisa chidole chomwe mumakonda mukamasewera ndi mwana wamng'ono kwambiri, chimachitika ndi chiyani? Iwo angawoneke kukhala osokonezeka kwakanthawi kapena okhumudwa koma kenako amasiya kufunafuna. Ndizachidziwikire "mosawoneka, mwanzeru."

Mwana wanu akangogwira chinthu chokhazikika, mwina amayang'ana choseweretsa kapena amayesa kuti abwezeretse - kapenanso kuyankhula mokweza kukwiya kwawo posowa. Ndicho chifukwa amadziwa kuti chidolechi chikadalipo!

Kukula kwazinthu zosatha kumathandiza mwana wanu kukwaniritsa zochitika zina zosangalatsa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• kukula kukumbukira
• kufufuza
• yerekezerani kusewera
• kupeza chilankhulo

Zitha kukhudzanso momwe mwana wanu amachitira mukamatuluka mchipinda - misozi mwadzidzidzi kapena phokoso la pterodactyl mofuula? - ngakhale zitakhala zaulendo wofulumira wosambira.

Kuda nkhawa kotereku ndichinthu chachitukuko. Kusewera masewera ena (monga peekaboo) ndi mwana wanu kumatha kuwathandiza kudziwa kuti inde, ndinu ndithudi kubwerera, monga momwe mumakhalira kale.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungathandizire anu ocheperako pamene akupanga lingaliro lokhalitsa pazinthu ndikugwiranso ntchito kupatula nkhawa yolekana.

Zimachitika liti?

Makanda akangodziwa nkhope (pafupifupi miyezi iwiri yakubadwa) ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino (pafupifupi miyezi itatu), amayamba kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa zinthuzi.

Kenako atha kuyamba kufunafuna zoseweretsa zomwe mwazibisa, kusangalala poulula kapena kutsegula zinthu, ndikuwunikira kumwetulira kwamtengo wapatali kopanda mano pamasewera ngati peekaboo.

Jean Piaget, katswiri wamaganizidwe a ana komanso wofufuza yemwe adayambitsa lingaliro lokhalitsa kwachinthu, adati luso ili silimakula mpaka mwana atakwanitsa miyezi 8. Koma tsopano zavomerezedwa kuti ana ayamba kumvetsetsa chinthu chokhazikika kale - penapake pakati pa miyezi 4 ndi 7.

Zimutengera mwana wanu nthawi kuti akwaniritse mfundoyi. Amatha kutsatira chidole chobisika tsiku lina ndipo amaoneka ngati alibe chidwi tsiku lotsatira. Izi ndizofala, choncho musadandaule!

Yesetsani kudandaula

Ndizabwinobwino kufuna kuti mwana wanu afike msinkhu wokula msanga. Ngati akuwoneka kuti akuchedwa kutsatira nthawi, sizachilendo kudzifunsa kuti bwanji.

Mutha kukhala ndi nkhawa pang'ono ngati mwana wanu watsala pang'ono kukwanitsa miyezi 8 koma zikuwoneka kuti sakuwona chidole chawo chobisalira chobisika pansi pa bulangeti. Koma kupumula kosavuta: Kukula sikuchitika chimodzimodzi kwa mwana aliyense, ndipo mwana wanu adzafika pachimake panthawi yake.

Amanenanso kuti makanda omwe safuna zoseweretsa zawo sangangokhala ndi chidwi ndi chidole chija. Tiyeni tikhale owona mtima - ambiri a ife tinkatembenuza nyumba zathu mozungulira kufunafuna makiyi athu agalimoto pomwe choseketsa kuchokera pa bolodi la makhadi sichofunika nthawi yathu.

Ngati muli ndi nkhawa, komabe, kulankhula ndi dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu kungathandize kuthetsa nkhawa zomwe mungakhale nazo ngati mwana wanu sanatengebe chinthu chokhazikika.

Kukoma kwanzeru kwamalingaliro a Piaget

Lingaliro lokhalitsa kwachinthu limachokera ku lingaliro la Piaget la chitukuko chakumvetsetsa. Piaget adakhulupirira izi:

• Ana atha kuphunzira okha, osathandizidwa ndi akulu kapena ana ena.
• Ana safuna mphotho kapena chilimbikitso chakunja kuti aphunzire zinthu zatsopano.
• Ana amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe akumana nazo kuti adziwe zambiri za dziko lapansi.

Kuchokera pantchito yake ndi ana, adapanga lingaliro lachitukuko. Kukhazikika kwachinthu ndichinthu chachikulu kwambiri mgulu loyamba mwa magawo anayi - chojambulira siteji. Gawo ili limakhala nthawi yapakati pa kubadwa ndi zaka 2.

Pakadali pano, mwana wanu amaphunzira kuyesa ndikuyesa kuyenda ndi mphamvu zawo, popeza samamvetsetsa zizindikilo kapena malingaliro.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumangokhalira kujambula zithunzi, kugwa pansi, kugwira ndi kuponyera zidole zonse zomwe mwangotola, ndikuyika chilichonse chomwe angapeze mkamwa mwawo. Koma zili bwino, chifukwa ndi momwe ana amaphunzirira. (Ndipo ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa agogo awo kumwetulira, chifukwa chake khalani okonzeka kutenga mphindi izi ndikugawana!)

Monga momwe tafotokozera kale, Piaget adakhulupirira kuti kumvetsetsa kwazinthu zosatha kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 8 miyezi. Koma ana ambiri amayamba kupeza lingaliro ili kale kwambiri. Mutha kukhala ndi umboni wa izi, ngati mwana wanu wazaka 5 akugwira kale zoseweretsa zobisika!

Akatswiri ena adzudzula madera ena a kafukufuku wa Piaget. Amaganiza kuti magawo otukuka amachitikira ana onse nthawi yomweyo. Koma umboni wasayansi tsopano ukugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti ana amakula munthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Kawirikawiri, kafukufuku wa Piaget wakhala akugwira bwino nthawi, ndipo malingaliro ake pa chitukuko akadali ndi malo ofunikira mu maphunziro ndi psychology.

Kafukufuku wofufuza wokhudzana ndi chinthu chosatha

Piaget ndi ofufuza ena athandizapo kuwonetsa momwe chinthu chokhazikika chimagwirira ntchito poyeserera kosiyanasiyana.

Chimodzi mwazoyesera zoyambirira za Piaget chinali chobisa zoseweretsa kuti awone ngati mwana angafune chidole. Piaget amamuwonetsa mwanayo chidole chake ndikumuphimba ndi bulangeti.

Ana omwe amayang'ana chidolecho adawonetsa kuti amvetsetsa chidolecho chikadalipo pomwe samachiwona. Makanda omwe amawoneka okhumudwa kapena osokonezeka anali asanakhale ndi moyo wokhazikika.

Piaget ndi ofufuza ena adagwiritsanso ntchito njirayi kuti aone ngati zinthu sizikhala zachikhalire. Amamuwonetsa mwana choseweretsa, kenako ndikubisa pansi pa bokosi (A). Mwanayo atapeza choseweretsa pansi pa Bokosi A kangapo, amkabisa chidolecho pansi pa bokosi lachiwiri (B), kuwonetsetsa kuti mwanayo azitha kufikira mabokosi onse awiriwo.

Ana omwe amayang'ana pansi pa Bokosi A pachoseweretsa adawonetsa kuti sakanatha kugwiritsa ntchito luso loganiza kuti amvetsetse choseweretsa chidali m'malo atsopano.

Kafukufuku wotsatira adathandizira anthu kuzindikira kuti zinthu zitha kukhalapo miyezi isanu ndi itatu isanakwane. Ofufuzawa adagwira ntchito ndi makanda omwe anali ndi miyezi isanu yokha, kuwawonetsa chinsalu chomwe chimasunthira mu arc.

Anawo atazolowera kuyang'ana mayendedwe azenera, ofufuza adayika bokosi kuseli. Kenako adawonetsa makandawo chochitika "chotheka", pomwe chinsalucho chidafika pa bokosilo ndikusiya kuyenda, komanso chochitika "chosatheka", pomwe chinsalucho chimangoyenda m'malo omwe munali bokosi.

Anawo amayang'ana zochitika zosatheka kwanthawi yayitali. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ana adazindikira:

• zinthu zolimba sizingadutse
• zinthu zilipo ngakhale sizikuwoneka

Chifukwa chake musalakwitse: Mwana wanu ali kale Einstein.

Mbali yovuta kwambiri yazinthu zosatha: nkhawa yolekanitsa

Zizindikiro zina za kukhazikika kwa mwana wanu zimatha kukhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa, monga kuwawona akupita pachoseweretsa chomwe mudabisala. Zizindikiro zina… osati zochuluka.

Kuda nkhawa kwakanthawi kumayambanso kukulira nthawi imodzimodzi monga chinthu chokhazikika, ndipo izi sizingakhale zosangalatsa kwenikweni. Tsopano mwana wanu akudziwa kuti mulipobe ngakhale atha kukuwonani kapena ayi.

Ndiye pamene sakukuwonani, samakhala osangalala, ndipo adzakudziwitsani nthawi yomweyo. Zofunika kwambiri kuti tionerere mwamtendere.

Izi zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa kunyumba, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiya mwana wanu kumalo osamalira ana kapena wokhala nawo, ngakhale mutadziwa kuti adzakhala bwino.

Mwana wanu amathanso kudzimva kukhala wopanda alendo pakadali pano ("nkhawa yachilendo"). Izi zitha kupangitsa kulekana kukhala kovuta kwambiri - komanso kovutitsa nonse.

Koma yesetsani kuti musadandaule. Gawo ili ndi la kanthawi kochepa, ndipo posachedwa mutha kuwasiya mosamala mu mpando wawo wosewerera kapena bouncy pomwe mumayika zovala zambiri kapena kuthamangira ku bafa - osadzilimbitsa nokha kulira kumeneku kosapeweka.

Masewera omwe mutha kusewera pano

Kusewera ndi mwana wanu ndi njira yabwino yothandizira kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwachikhalire. Phindu lina? Masewera okhazikika pazinthu zitha kuthandiza mwana wanu kuzolowera lingaliro loti ngakhale mutapitako pang'ono, mudzabwerako posachedwa.

Chithunzithunzi

Masewerawa ndiabwino kwa mwana wanu, koma mutha kuyesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti musinthe.

• Ikani bulangeti yaying'ono, yopepuka (kapena chopukutira choyera) pamutu pa mwana wanu kuti muwone kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ayivule.
• Yesani kuphimba mutu wanu komanso mutu wa mwana kuti muwone ngati mwana wanu akukupezani mutachotsa bulangeti lawo. Makanda opitilira miyezi 10 atha kukhala opambana pano!
• Gwiritsani ntchito chidole chimodzi cha mwana wanu kusewera peek-a-boo pochipukuta kumbuyo kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena mipando. Tsatirani ndondomeko ndikuwona ngati mwana wanu angayambe kuneneratu komwe chidolecho chidzawonekere.

Bisani kuti mupeze

• Lolani mwana wanu akuwoneni mukuphimba chidole ndi matawulo angapo kapena nsalu zofewa. Limbikitsani mwana wanu kuti apitirize kuchotsa zigawo mpaka atapeza chidole.
• Kwa mwana wamkulu, yesani kubisa zidole zingapo mozungulira chipinda. Aloleni iwo akuwoneni ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti apeze zoseweretsa zonse.
• Bisalani! Ngati mwana wanu amatha kukwawa kapena kuyenda, yendani pangodya kapena kuseri kwa chitseko ndikuyankhula nawo, kuwalimbikitsa kuti adzakufuneni.

Mwana wanu amakonda mawu anu, choncho onetsetsani kuti mumalankhula nawo pamasewerawa, kuwalimbikitsa komanso kuwalimbikitsa akapeza zinthu. Zimathandizanso kuti muzilankhula mukamatuluka mchipinda. Izi zimawadziwitsa kuti mudakali pafupi.

Masewera ena: Kodi bokosi lokhazikika ndi chiyani?

Ichi ndi choseweretsa chamtengo chosavuta chomwe chingathandize mwana wanu kuphunzira zambiri zakukhazikika kwachinthu. Ili ndi bowo pamwamba ndi thireyi mbali imodzi. Imabwera ndi mpira wawung'ono.

Kuti muwonetse mwana wanu momwe amasewera ndi bokosilo, ponyani mpira mdzenje. Sangalalani ndipo kokerani mpira pa nthawi yolowera mu thireyi. Bwerezani izi kamodzi kapena kawiri ndiyeno lolani mwana wanu ayese!

Choseweretsa ichi sichimangothandiza pakukhalitsa kwachinthu. Ndizofunikanso kuthandiza mwana wanu kukulitsa kulumikizana ndi diso lamanja komanso luso lokumbukira. Masukulu ambiri a Montessori amagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mutha kugula mosavuta pa intaneti kuti mugwiritse ntchito kunyumba.

Kutenga

Mwana wanu akakhumudwa mukamatuluka m'chipindacho kapena mukangotenga zokhwasula-khwasula ndi zoseweretsa zobisika, mwina akuyamba kupeza chinthu chokhazikika.

Ndi gawo labwinobwino la kakulidwe kamene kamathandizira kukhazikitsa mwana wanu kuti azitha kulingalira mwanzeru komanso chilankhulo komanso kupeza zisonyezo.

Mutha kuyamba kuwona izi mwa mwana wanu ali ndi miyezi 4 kapena 5 yokha, koma osadandaula ngati zingatenge nthawi yayitali. Posakhalitsa, simudzatha kukoka ubweya (kapena bulangeti lofewa kwambiri la 100% pamaso pawo!