Onchocerciasis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Tizilombo tayendedwe
• Zizindikiro za onchocerciasis
• Momwe mungadziwire
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kupewa Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis, yotchedwa khungu la khungu kapena matenda a golide, ndi parasitosis yoyambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti Onchocerca volvulus. Matendawa amafalikira ndikuluma kwa ntchentche yamtunduwu Simulium spp., yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ntchentche yakuda kapena udzudzu wa labala, chifukwa chofanana ndi udzudzu, womwe umatha kupezeka m'mbali mwa mtsinje.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kupezeka kwa tiziromboti m'maso, kuchititsa kutaya kwamaso pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake onchocerciasis imadziwikanso kuti khungu lamtsinje. Komabe, onchocerciasis imatha kukhala yopanda tanthauzo kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta.

Tizilombo tayendedwe

Kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa Onchocerca volvulus zimachitika zonse mu ntchentche komanso mwa munthu. Kuzungulira kwamunthu kumayamba pomwe tizilombo timadyetsa magazi, ndikutulutsa mphutsi zopatsira m'magazi. Mphutsi izi zimayamba kusasitsa, zimaswana ndikumatulutsa microfilariae, yomwe imafalikira kudzera m'magazi ndikufikira ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, komwe imakula, imabweretsa zizindikilo ndikuyamba moyo watsopano.

Ntchentche zimatha kukhala zopatsirana mukamaluma munthu yemwe ali ndi microfilariae m'magazi ake, chifukwa nthawi yodyetsa imatha kumeza microfilariae, yomwe m'matumbo imayamba kukhala yopatsirana ndipo imapita kumatenda amate, mwina matenda a anthu ena panthawi yamagazi kudyetsa.

Kutulutsa microfilariae ndi mphutsi zazikulu kumatenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ndiye kuti, zizindikiro za onchocerciasis zimangoyamba kuwonekera patatha chaka chimodzi cha matendawa ndipo kuopsa kwa zizindikirocho kumadalira kuchuluka kwa microfilariae. Kuphatikiza apo, mphutsi zazikulu zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo pakati pa zaka 10 mpaka 12, ndipo mkazi amatha kumasula microfilariae pafupifupi 1000 patsiku, yemwe moyo wake umakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.

Zizindikiro za onchocerciasis

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha onchocerciasis ndikutayika kwakanthawi kwamaso chifukwa chakupezeka kwa microfilariae m'maso, yomwe ikapanda kuchitidwa imatha kubweretsa khungu. Zizindikiro zina zamatenda omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi awa:

• Onchocercoma, yomwe imafanana ndikupanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi nyongolotsi zazikulu. Mitsempha yamafuta iyi imatha kupezeka m'chiuno, pachifuwa ndi kumutu, mwachitsanzo, ndipo imapweteka ngati nyongolotsi zili ndi moyo, zikafa zimayambitsa kutupa kwakukulu, kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri;
• Oncodermatitis, yotchedwanso oncocercous dermatitis, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa khungu, kupindika ndi kupindika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufa kwa microfilariae yomwe imapezeka munyama yolumikizana ya khungu;
• Kuvulala kwa diso, omwe ndi zotupa zosasinthika zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa microfilariae m'maso komwe kumatha kubweretsa khungu kwathunthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, momwe microfilariae imatha kufikira ma lymph node pafupi ndi zotupa pakhungu ndikuwononga.

Momwe mungadziwire

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa onchocerciasis kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa matendawa amatha kukhala opanda chizindikiro kwa zaka zambiri. Matendawa amapangidwa kudzera kuzizindikiro zoperekedwa ndi munthuyo, kuwonjezera pamayeso omwe adafunsidwa ndi dokotala omwe amathandizira kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa, monga mayeso amaso ndi mayeso amwazi omwe microfilariae amafunidwa pakati pa ma erythrocyte. Kuphatikiza apo, adokotala atha kupempha ma ultrasound, kuti awone mapangidwe a tizilomboto ndi tizilomboto, ndi mayeso am'magulu, monga PCR kuti tizindikire Onchocerca volvulus.

Kuphatikiza pa mayesowa, adotolo atha kupempha kuti awunike momwe amapangidwira, momwe kachidutswa kakang'ono ka khungu kamachitika kuti azindikire microfilariae ndikuchotsa matenda ena, monga adenopathies, lipomas ndi sebaceous cysts, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha onchocerciasis chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito anti-parasitic Ivermectin, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi microfilaria, chifukwa imatha kupha popanda kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Phunzirani momwe mungatengere Ivermectin.

Ngakhale imagwira bwino ntchito yolimbana ndi microfilariae, Ivermectin ilibe mphamvu pa mphutsi zazikulu, ndipo ndikofunikira kuchititsa opaleshoni mitsempha yomwe ili ndi mphutsi zazikulu.

Kupewa Onchocerciasis

Njira yabwino yopewera matenda mwa Onchocerca volvulus imagwiritsa ntchito zothamangitsa ndi zovala zoyenera, makamaka zigawo zomwe tizilombo timafala kwambiri komanso m'mabedi am'mitsinje, kuphatikiza njira zomwe zikulimbana ndi udzudzu, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tokha komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo.

Kuonjezerapo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu okhala m'madera ovuta kapena kuti anthu omwe akhala m'madera amenewa amathandizidwa ndi Ivermectin pachaka kapena theka la chaka monga njira yothetsera onchocerciasis.