Upangiri wa anti-the-Counter (OTC) odana ndi zotupa

Zamkati

• Ntchito
• Mitundu ya NSAIDs
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Mavuto am'mimba
• Zovuta zamtima
• Nthawi yoti mupite kuchipatala
• Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala
• Kwa ana
• Matenda a Reye
• Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ma OSA NSAID
• Unikani zosowa zanu
• Werengani zolemba
• Sungani bwino
• Tengani mlingo woyenera
• Nthawi yopewa ma NSAID
• Tengera kwina

Chidule

Mankhwala owonjezera pa-kauntala (OTC) ndi mankhwala omwe mungagule popanda mankhwala a dokotala. Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs) ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa, komwe kumathandiza kuchepetsa ululu. Mwanjira ina, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nawa ma OSA NSAID ofala kwambiri:

• aspirin wa mlingo waukulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Ma NSAID atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri. Amakonda kugwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa kuposa ma corticosteroids, omwe amachepetsa kutupa.

Komabe, musanagwiritse ntchito NSAID, muyenera kudziwa za zovuta zomwe zingachitike komanso kuyanjana kwa mankhwala. Pemphani kuti mumve zambiri komanso malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma NSAID mosamala komanso moyenera.

Ntchito

Ma NSAID amagwira ntchito poletsa ma prostaglandin, omwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yanu izimaliza komanso kumawonjezera ululu mukatupa. Prostaglandins amathandizanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi lanu.

Poletsa zotsatira za ma prostaglandin, ma NSAID amathandiza kuthetsa ululu wanu ndikuchepetsa malungo. M'malo mwake, ma NSAID atha kukhala othandiza pochepetsa zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• mutu
• kupweteka kwa msana
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kutupa ndi kuuma kumene kumayambitsidwa ndi nyamakazi ndi zina zotupa
• Kupweteka ndi msambo
• kupweteka atachita opaleshoni yaying'ono
• kupindika kapena kuvulala kwina

NSAID ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuthana ndi zizindikilo za nyamakazi, monga kupweteka kwamagulu, kutupa, ndi kuuma. Ma NSAID amakhala otchipa komanso osavuta kupezeka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala oyamba omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a celecoxib (Celebrex) nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kuti azisamalira kwa nthawi yayitali zizindikiro za nyamakazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndizosavuta m'mimba mwanu kuposa ma NSAID ena.

Mitundu ya NSAIDs

Ma NSAID amaletsa ma enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) kuti apange ma prostaglandins. Thupi lanu limapanga mitundu iwiri ya COX: COX-1 ndi COX-2.

COX-1 imateteza kumimba kwanu, pomwe COX-2 imayambitsa kutupa. Ma NSAID ambiri alibe tanthauzo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amaletsa COX-1 ndi COX-2.

Ma NSAID osadziwika omwe amapezeka pa kauntala ku United States ndi awa:

• aspirin wa mlingo waukulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Ma aspirin ochepetsa sikuti amagawidwa monga NSAID.

Ma NSAID osadziwika omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwala ku United States ndi awa:

• diclofenac (Zorvolex)
• kutchuya
• etodolac
• famotidine / ibuprofen (Chifukwa chotsatira)
• zamatsenga
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Tivorbex)
• ketoprofen
• mefenamic acid (Ponstel)
• meloxicam (Vivlodex, Mobic)
• nabumetone
• Kutchina (Daypro)
• piroxicam (Feldene)
• sulindac

COX-2 inhibitors osankhidwa ndi ma NSAID omwe amaletsa COX-2 kuposa COX-1. Celecoxib (Celebrex) pakadali pano ndiye yekhayo amene amasankha COX-2 inhibitor yopezeka mwa mankhwala ku United States.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Chifukwa chakuti mutha kugula ma NSAID opanda mankhwala sizitanthauza kuti alibe vuto lililonse. Pali zovuta zoyipa ndi zoopsa zake, zomwe zimakhumudwitsa m'mimba, mpweya, ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

NSAID zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi komanso kwakanthawi. Kuopsa kwanu kwa zotsatirapo kumawonjezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani musanagwiritse ntchito ma NSAID, ndipo musatenge mitundu ina ya NSAID nthawi yomweyo.

Mavuto am'mimba

Ma NSAID amaletsa COX-1, yomwe imathandiza kuteteza m'mimba mwanu. Zotsatira zake, kutenga ma NSAID kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazing'ono zam'mimba, kuphatikiza:

• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• mpweya
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kutentha pa chifuwa
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kudzimbidwa

Pazovuta zazikulu, kumwa ma NSAID kumatha kukhumudwitsa m'mimba mwanu mokwanira kupangitsa chilonda. Zilonda zina zimatha ngakhale kutulutsa magazi mkati.

Ngati mukumane ndi izi, siyani kugwiritsa ntchito NSAID mwachangu ndikuyimbira omwe akukuthandizani:

• kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba
• wakuda kapena chembere pogona
• magazi mu mpando wanu

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la m'mimba ndichachikulu kwa anthu omwe:

• tengani ma NSAID pafupipafupi
• kukhala ndi mbiri ya zilonda zam'mimba
• tengani zoonda magazi kapena corticosteroids
• ali ndi zaka zopitilira 65

Mungachepetse mwayi wanu wokhala ndi vuto la m'mimba potenga ma NSAID ndi chakudya, mkaka, kapena antiacid.

Mukakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti musinthe njira ya COX-2 inhibitor monga celecoxib (Celebrex). Sizingatheke kuyambitsa kupsa mtima m'mimba kuposa ma NSAID opanda tanthauzo.

Zovuta zamtima

Kutenga NSAID kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu:

• matenda amtima
• kulephera kwa mtima
• sitiroko
• kuundana kwamagazi

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi izi chikuwonjezeka ndikumagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi vuto lokhudza mtima potenga ma NSAID.

Nthawi yoti mupite kuchipatala

Lekani kumwa NSAID mwachangu ndikupita kuchipatala mukakumana ndi izi:

• kulira m'makutu anu
• kusawona bwino
• zidzolo, ming'oma, ndi kuyabwa
• posungira madzimadzi
• magazi mkodzo wanu kapena ndowe
• kusanza ndi magazi m'masanzi ako
• kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• jaundice

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala

NSAID zimatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena. Mankhwala ena amakhala osagwira ntchito akamagwirizana ndi ma NSAID. Zitsanzo ziwiri ndimankhwala am'magazi komanso aspirin wochepa (akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wochepera magazi).

Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala ena kumatha kubweretsanso mavuto ena. Samalani ngati mutamwa mankhwalawa:

• Warfarin. Ma NSAID amatha kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za warfarin (Coumadin), mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kapena kuchiza magazi. Kuphatikizana kungayambitse kutaya magazi kwambiri.
• Cyclosporine. Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nyamakazi kapena ulcerative colitis (UC). Zimaperekedwanso kwa anthu omwe adalandira ziwalo. Kutenga ndi NSAID kungayambitse impso.
• Lifiyamu. Kuphatikiza ma NSAID ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo lithiamu kumatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chowonjezera cha lithiamu mthupi lanu.
• Asipilini ochepa. Kutenga ma NSAID okhala ndi aspirin wotsika kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
• Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Kuthira magazi m'thupi kumakhalanso vuto ngati mutenga ma NSAID ndi serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
• Okodzetsa. Nthawi zambiri sizovuta kutenga ma NSAID ngati nanunso mumamwa okodzetsa. Komabe, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayenera kukuyang'anirani za kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso mukamazitenga zonsezi.

Kwa ana

Nthawi zonse funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu musanapereke ma NSAID kwa mwana wosakwana zaka 2. Mlingo wa ana umatengera kulemera kwake, choncho werengani tchati womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zomwe mungapatse mwana.

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol) ndiye NSAID yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwa ana. Ndiyonso yokhayo yomwe imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana osakwana miyezi itatu. Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) amatha kupatsidwa kwa ana azaka zopitilira 12.

Ngakhale aspirin imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana azaka zopitilira zaka zitatu, ana azaka 17 mpaka pansi omwe atha kukhala ndi nthomba kapena chimfine ayenera kupewa aspirin ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala nayo.

Kupatsa ana aspirin kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha Reye's syndrome, vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambitsa kutupa m'chiwindi ndi ubongo.

Matenda a Reye

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za Reye's syndrome nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukachira matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, monga nkhuku kapena chimfine. Komabe, munthu amathanso kukhala ndi Reye's syndrome masiku 3 mpaka 5 kuyambira pomwe matendawa adayamba.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira mwa ana ochepera zaka ziwiri kuphatikiza m'mimba ndi kupuma mwachangu. Zizindikiro zoyambirira mwa ana okulirapo komanso achinyamata zimaphatikizapo kusanza komanso kugona tulo modabwitsa.

Zizindikiro zowopsa ndizo:

• chisokonezo kapena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• mwamakani kapena mwamwano
• kufooka kapena kufooka m'manja ndi m'miyendo
• kugwidwa
• kutaya chidziwitso

Kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo koyambirira kumatha kupulumutsa moyo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Reye, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ma OSA NSAID

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kuchokera kuchipatala chanu cha OTC, tsatirani malangizo awa.

Unikani zosowa zanu

Mankhwala ena a OTC, monga acetaminophen (Tylenol), ndiabwino kuthetsa ululu koma samathandiza ndi kutupa. Ngati mungathe kuwapirira, ma NSAID mwina ndiye chisankho chabwino cha nyamakazi ndi zina zotupa.

Werengani zolemba

Zina mwa zinthu za OTC zimaphatikiza mankhwala acetaminophen ndi anti-inflammatory. NSAID zimapezeka m'mankhwala ena ozizira ndi chimfine. Onetsetsani kuti muwerenge mndandanda wazosakaniza pamankhwala onse a OTC kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Kutenga mankhwala ochulukirapo pazinthu zophatikizika kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.

Sungani bwino

Mankhwala a OTC atha kuchepa mphamvu isanathe nthawi ngati atasungidwa m'malo otentha, achinyontho, monga kabati yamankhwala osambira. Kuti zitheke, zisungeni pamalo ozizira, owuma.

Tengani mlingo woyenera

Mukatenga OTC NSAID, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga ndikutsatira malangizowo. Zogulitsa zimasiyana mphamvu, choncho onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira nthawi iliyonse.

Nthawi yopewa ma NSAID

NSAID si malingaliro abwino kwa aliyense. Musanayambe kumwa mankhwalawa, kambiranani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati muli ndi:

• matupi awo sagwirizana ndi aspirin kapena mankhwala ena opweteka
• matenda amwazi
• Kutuluka m'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, kapena mavuto am'mimba
• kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena matenda a mtima
• chiwindi kapena matenda a impso
• matenda a shuga omwe ndi ovuta kuthana nawo
• mbiri ya sitiroko kapena matenda amtima

Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65 ndikukonzekera kutenga ma NSAID.

Ngati muli ndi pakati, funsani omwe amakuthandizani musanatenge ma NSAID. wapeza kuti kutenga ma NSAID koyambirira kwa mimba yanu kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga padera, koma maphunziro ena amafunikira.

Kutenga ma NSAID pa trimester yachitatu ya mimba sikuvomerezeka. Amatha kupangitsa kuti chotengera chamagazi mumtima mwa mwana chitseke msanga.

Muyeneranso kukambirana ndi omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo za chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito NSAID ngati mutamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zitatu kapena zingapo patsiku kapena ngati mumamwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi.

Tengera kwina

Ma NSAID atha kukhala abwino kuthana ndi ululu womwe umayambitsidwa ndi kutupa, ndipo ambiri amapezeka pa kauntala. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za mlingo woyenera, ndipo musapyole malirewo.

Ma NSAID atha kukhala othandizira pazakumwa zina, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga dzina la mankhwala aliwonse a OTC omwe mumamwa.