Lopinavir ndi Ritonavir

Zamkati

• Musanatenge lopinavir ndi ritonavir,
• Lopinavir ndi ritonavir zitha kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala:

Lopinavir ndi ritonavir pano akuwerengedwa m'maphunziro angapo azachipatala omwe akuchitikabe othandizira matenda a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) payekha kapena ndi mankhwala ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito lopinavir ndi ritonavir pochiza COVID-19 sikunakhazikitsidwebe. Asayansi ena ali ndi chiyembekezo chifukwa mankhwalawa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwewa.

Lopinavir ndi ritonavir ziyenera kutengedwa PAMODZI motsogoleredwa ndi dokotala pochiza COVID-19.

Kuphatikiza kwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV. Lopinavir ndi ritonavir ali mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa protease inhibitors. Amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi. Lopinavir ndi ritonavir zikamayanjanitsidwa, ritonavir imathandizanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa lopinavir mthupi kuti mankhwala azitha kusintha. Ngakhale lopinavir ndi ritonavir sizingachiritse HIV, mankhwalawa amachepetsa mwayi wanu wopeza matenda a immunodeficiency (AIDS) ndi matenda okhudzana ndi HIV monga matenda akulu kapena khansa. Kumwa mankhwalawa limodzi ndi kuchita zogonana motetezeka ndikusintha zina ndi zina pamoyo kungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV kwa anthu ena.

Kuphatikiza kwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir kumabwera ngati piritsi komanso yankho (madzi) oti mutenge pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kawiri patsiku, koma amatha kumwa kamodzi pa tsiku ndi akulu ena. Yankho liyenera kutengedwa ndi chakudya. Mapiritsiwa atha kumwa kapena opanda chakudya. Tsatirani malangizo omwe mwalandira mosamala, ndikufunsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala kuti afotokoze gawo lililonse lomwe simukumvetsa. Tengani lopinavir ndi ritonavir ndendende monga mwalamulira. Musamamwe pang'ono kapena kumamwa pafupipafupi kuposa momwe adanenera dokotala.

Kumeza mapiritsi lonse; osagawana, kutafuna, kapena kuwaphwanya.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito yankho, ligwedezeni bwino musanagwiritse ntchito kusakaniza mankhwala mofanana. Gwiritsani ntchito supuni kapena chikho choyezera mlingo kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa madzi pamlingo uliwonse, osati supuni yanyumba yokhazikika.

Pitirizani kutenga lopinavir ndi ritonavir ngakhale mukumva bwino. Osasiya kumwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir osalankhula ndi dokotala. Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo, tengani zochepera kuposa zomwe mwalandira, kapena musiye kumwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir, matenda anu akhoza kukhala ovuta kuwachiritsa.

Mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ntchito zina; funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Musanatenge lopinavir ndi ritonavir,

• uzani adotolo ndi wazamalonda ngati muli ndi vuto la lopinavir, ritonavir (Norvir), mankhwala ena aliwonse, kapena zosakaniza zilizonse m'mapiritsi a lopinavir ndi ritonavir kapena yankho. Funsani wamankhwala wanu kuti awonetse mndandanda wazosakaniza.
• Uzani dokotala ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse awa: alfuzosin (Uroxatral); apalutamide (Erleada); cisapride (Propulsid) (sikupezeka ku U.S.); colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi; dronearone (Multaq); elbasvir ndi grazoprevir (Zepatier); mankhwala a ergot monga dihydroergotamine (DHE 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, ku Cafergot, ku Migergot), ndi methylergonovine (Methergine); lomitapide (Wowonjezera); lovastatin (Altoprev); lurasidone (Latuda); midazolam yotengedwa pakamwa (Ndime); pimozide (Orap); ranolazine (Ranexa); rifampin (Rimactane, Rifadin, ku Rifamate, ku Rifater); sildenafil (mtundu wa Revatio wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito matenda am'mapapo); simvastatin (Zocor, ku Vytorin); Chingwe cha St. kapena triazolam (Halcion). Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musamwe lopinavir ndi ritonavir ngati mukumwa mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo.
• Uzani dokotala ndi wazamankhwala mankhwala ena omwe mumalandira, mavitamini, ndi zakudya zina zomwe mumamwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo izi: maanticoagulants ('ochepera magazi') monga warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) ndi rivaroxaban powder (Xarelto); antifungals monga itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox), isavuconazonium (Cresemba), ketoconazole (Nizoral), ndi voriconazole (Vfend); atovaquone (Mepron, ku Malarone); bedaquiline (Sirturo); otchinga beta; chifuwa (Tracleer); bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban, ena); zotsekemera zama calcium monga felodipine, nicardipine (Cardene), ndi nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia); mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi monga atorvastatin (Lipitor, ku Caduet), ndi rosuvastatin (Crestor); clarithromycin (Biaxin, mu Prevpac); digoxin (Lanoxin); elagolix (Orilissa); fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Onsolis, ena); fosamprenavir (Lexiva); mankhwala ena a khansa monga abemaciclib (Verzenio), dasatinib (Sprycel), encorafenib (Braftovi), ibrutinib (Imbruvica), ivosidenib (Tibsovo), neratinib (Nerlynx), nilotinib (Tasigna), venetoclax (Venclextine), vin ; mankhwala ena osagunda pamtima monga amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), bepridil (sakupezekanso ku US; Vascor), lidocaine (Lidoderm; ku Xylocaine ndi Epinephrine), ndi quinidine (ku Nuedexta); mankhwala ena a kachilombo ka hepatitis C (HCV) monga boceprevir (Victrelis; sakupezeka ku U.S.); glecaprevir ndi pibrentasvir (Mavyret); simeprevir (sakupezekanso ku US; Olysio); sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, ndi voxilaprevir (Sovaldi, Epclusa, Vosevi); ndi paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir, ndi / kapena dasabuvir (Viekira Pak); mankhwala ena olanda monga carbamazepine (Equetro, Tegretol, Teril, ena), lamotrigine (Lamictal), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), ndi valproate; mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi monga cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune), ndi tacrolimus (Astagraf, Prograf); methadone (Dolophine, Methadose); Steroids yapakamwa kapena inhaled monga betamethasone, budesonide (Pulmicort), ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris), dexamethasone, fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent, ku Advair), methylprednisolone (Medrol), mometasone (ku Dulera). prednisone (Rayos), ndi triamcinolone; mankhwala ena othandizira ma virus monga abacavir (Ziagen, ku Epzicom, ku Trizivir, ena); atazanavir (Reyataz, ku Evotaz), delavirdine (Wolemba), efavirenz (Sustiva, ku Atripla), indinavir (Crixivan), maraviroc (Selzentry), nelfinavir (Viracept), nevirapine (Viramune), ritonavirt (Norvir, Kalevir, Kalevir, (Viread, ku Atripla, ku Truvada), tipranavir (Aptivus), saquinavir (Invirase), ndi zidovudine (Retrovir, ku Combivir, ku Trizivir); quetiapine (Seroquel); rifabutin (Mycobutin); salmeterol (Serevent, ku Advair); sildenafil (Viagra); tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis); trazodone; ndi vardenafil (Levitra). Ngati mukumwa yankho lakumlomo, uzani dokotala ngati mukumwa disulfiram (Antabuse) kapena metronidazole (Flagyl, ku Nuvessa, ku Vandazole). Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala anu kapena kukuyang'anirani mosamala zotsatira zake.
• ngati mukumwa didanosine, imwani ola limodzi musanatenge kapena maola awiri mutamwa mankhwala a lopinavir ndi ritonavir ndi chakudya. Ngati mukumwa mapiritsi a lopinavir ndi ritonavir, mutha kuwamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu nthawi yomweyo mumamwa mankhwala a didanosine.
• auzeni adotolo ngati mwakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya QT (vuto losowa mtima lomwe lingayambitse kugunda kwamtima, kukomoka, kapena kufa mwadzidzidzi), kugunda kwamtima kosafunikira, potaziyamu wochepa m'magazi anu, hemophilia, cholesterol chambiri kapena triglycerides (mafuta) m'magazi, kapamba (kutupa kwa kapamba), kapena matenda amtima kapena chiwindi.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti lopinavir ndi ritonavir zitha kuchepetsa mphamvu yolerera yapa mahomoni (mapiritsi oletsa kubala, zigamba, mphete, kapena jakisoni). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina yolerera.
• uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi pakati, konzekerani kutenga pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa. Mukakhala ndi pakati mukatenga lopinavir ndi ritonavir, itanani dokotala wanu. Simuyenera kuyamwitsa ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ngati mukumwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir.
• Muyenera kudziwa kuti zosakaniza zina mu lopinavir ndi ritonavir solution zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto owopsa pa moyo wa ana akhanda. Lopinavir ndi ritonavir yankho sayenera kuperekedwa kwa ana azaka zonse ochepera masiku 14 kapena ana obadwa masiku asanakwane masiku 14 atadutsa tsiku lawo loyambirira, pokhapokha ngati dokotala angaganize kuti pali chifukwa chabwino choti mwanayo alandire mankhwala moyenera atabadwa. Ngati dokotala wa mwana wanu asankha kupatsa mwana wanu lopinavir ndi solution ya ritonavir atangobadwa, mwana wanu adzayang'aniridwa mosamala pazizindikiro za zovuta zina. Itanani dokotala wa mwana wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati mwana wanu ali ndi tulo tofa nato kapena akusintha kapumidwe panthawi ya chithandizo chake ndi lopinavir ndi solution ya ritonavir.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti mafuta anu amthupi amatha kuchuluka kapena kusunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi lanu, monga msana wanu wam'mwamba, khosi ('' njati hump ''), mabere, komanso mozungulira m'mimba mwanu. Mutha kuwona kutaya mafuta m'thupi, kumaso, miyendo, ndi mikono.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti mutha kukhala ndi hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu) mukamamwa mankhwalawa, ngakhale mulibe matenda ashuga. Uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi mukamamwa lopinavir ndi ritonavir: ludzu kwambiri, kukodza pafupipafupi, njala yayikulu, kusawona bwino, kapena kufooka. Ndikofunika kuyimbira dokotala wanu mukangomva izi, chifukwa shuga wambiri yemwe samalandira mankhwala amatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu lotchedwa ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis imatha kukhala pangozi ngati singachiritsidwe koyambirira. Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis zimaphatikizapo: pakamwa pouma, nseru ndi kusanza, kupuma movutikira, mpweya womwe umanunkhira zipatso, ndikuchepetsa chidziwitso.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti pamene mukumwa mankhwala ochizira kachilombo ka HIV, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chingakhale champhamvu ndikuyamba kulimbana ndi matenda ena omwe anali kale mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kukupangitsani kukhala ndi zizindikilo za matendawa. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zowonjezereka mutayamba kumwa mankhwala ndi lopinavir ndi ritonavir, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala.

Pokhapokha dokotala atakuwuzani zina, pitirizani kudya zomwe mumadya.

Tengani mlingo womwe mwaphonya mukangokumbukira. Komabe, ngati ili pafupi nthawi ya mlingo wotsatira, dumpha mlingo womwe umasowa ndikupitiliza dongosolo lanu lokhazikika. Musatenge mlingo wawiri kuti mupange omwe mwaphonya.

Lopinavir ndi ritonavir zitha kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:

• kufooka
• kutsegula m'mimba
• mpweya
• kutentha pa chifuwa
• kuonda
• mutu
• kuvuta kugona kapena kugona
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• dzanzi, kutentha, kapena kumva kulasalasa m'manja kapena m'mapazi
• kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, ndi kusanza

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kutopa kwambiri
• kusowa chilakolako
• kupweteka kumtunda chakumanja kwam'mimba
• chikasu cha khungu kapena maso
• khungu loyabwa
• chizungulire
• wamisala
• kukomoka
• kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• matuza
• zidzolo

Lopinavir ndi ritonavir zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Itanani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zovuta zina mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Mukakumana ndi zovuta zina, inu kapena adokotala mutha kutumiza lipoti ku pulogalamu ya Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting pa intaneti (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) kapena pafoni ( 1-800-332-1088).

Sungani mankhwala awa mu chidebe chomwe chidabwera, chatsekedwa mwamphamvu, komanso chosafikira ana. Sungani mapiritsiwo kutentha kwa firiji ndi kuwateteza ku chinyezi chowonjezera. Ndikofunika kusunga mapiritsi mchidebe chomwe adalowamo; ngati mukuyenera kuzichotsa mchidebecho, muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pasanathe milungu iwiri. Mutha kusunga yankho m'kamwa mufiriji mpaka tsiku lomaliza litasindikizidwa, kapena mutha kulisunga kutentha kwa miyezi iwiri.

Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala onse asamawonekere komanso kuti ana asamafikire ngati muli zidebe zambiri (monga mapiritsi a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi omwe amatsikira m'maso, mafuta, zigamba, ndi opumira) sizolimbana ndi ana ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuzitsegula mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza ana ang'ono kuti asatenge poyizoni, nthawi zonse tsekani zipewa zachitetezo ndikuyika mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka - omwe ali pamwamba ndi kutali komanso osawonekera ndi kufikira. http://www.upandaway.org

Mankhwala osafunikira ayenera kutayidwa munjira zapadera zowonetsetsa kuti ziweto, ana, ndi anthu ena sangamwe. Komabe, simuyenera kuthira mankhwalawa mchimbudzi. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala anu ndikadongosolo lobwezera mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi wamankhwala wanu kapena lemberani dipatimenti yakunyumba / yobwezeretsanso kwanuko kuti muphunzire zamapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mdera lanu. Onani tsamba la FDA's Disposal of Medicines webusayiti (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) kuti mumve zambiri ngati mulibe pulogalamu yobwezera.

Mukadwala mopitirira muyeso, itanani foni yothandizira poyizoni pa 1-800-222-1222. Zambiri zimapezekanso pa intaneti pa https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwa, watenga khunyu, akuvutika kupuma, kapena sangathe kudzutsidwa, nthawi yomweyo itanani anthu azadzidzidzi ku 911.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo ngati mwana amamwa mopitilira muyeso wamankhwalawo. Njirayi ili ndi mowa wambiri komanso zinthu zina zomwe zitha kuvulaza mwana.

Sungani maimidwe onse ndi dokotala wanu ndi labotale. Dokotala wanu adzayitanitsa mayeso ena a labu kuti awone kuyankha kwa thupi lanu ku lopinavir ndi ritonavir.

Musalole kuti aliyense azimwa mankhwala anu. Funsani wamankhwala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudzana ndi kudzaza mankhwala anu.

Ndikofunika kuti musunge mndandanda wamankhwala onse omwe mumalandira komanso osalembetsa (owerengera) omwe mukumwa, komanso zinthu zilizonse monga mavitamini, michere, kapena zakudya zina. Muyenera kubwera nawo pamndandandawu nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena ngati mwalandiridwa kuchipatala. Ndikofunikanso kuthana nanu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

• Kaletra^® (okhala ndi Lopinavir, Ritonavir)