Khansa Yamchiberekero

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za khansa yamchiberekero
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamchiberekero
• Mitundu ya khansa yamchiberekero
• Epithelial carcinoma ya ovary
• Zinthu zobadwa nazo
• Zinthu zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kupulumuka kowonjezereka
• Khansa ya cell ya Germ ya ovary
• Khansa ya cell ya Stromal ya ovary
• Chithandizo cha khansa yamchiberekero
• Opaleshoni
• Opaleshoni yayikulu ya khansa yamchiberekero
• Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo cha zizindikiro
• Kuzindikira khansa yamchiberekero
• Chisokonezo
• Kuyesa mayeso
• Kufufuza metastasis
• Zowopsa za khansa ya ovarian
• Magawo a khansa yamchiberekero
• Kuchuluka kwa khansa yamchiberekero
• Kodi khansa yamchiberekero ingapewe?
• Matenda a khansa yamchiberekero
• Riboni ya khansa yamchiberekero
• Ziwerengero za khansa yamchiberekero

Khansara yamchiberekero

Thumba losunga mazira ndi ziwalo zazing'ono, zooneka ngati amondi zomwe zili mbali zonse za chiberekero. Mazira amapangidwa m'mimba mwake. Khansara yamchiberekero imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ovary.

Khansara yamchiberekero imayamba m'mayendedwe a ovary, ma stromal, kapena epithelial cell. Majeremusi maselo ndiwo maselo omwe amakhala mazira. Maselo a Stromal ndi omwe amapanga ovary. Maselo a Epithelial ndiwo gawo lakunja kwa ovary.

American Cancer Society ikuyerekeza kuti azimayi 22,240 apezeka ndi khansa yamchiberekero ku United States mu 2018, ndipo anthu 14,070 amwalira ndi khansa yamtunduwu mu 2018. Pafupifupi theka la milandu yonse imachitika mwa azimayi azaka zopitilira 63.

Zizindikiro za khansa yamchiberekero

Khansa yoyambira yamchiberekero mwina singakhale ndi zisonyezo zilizonse. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira. Komabe, zina mwazizindikiro zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• pafupipafupi bloating
• kumva msanga kukhuta mukamadya
• kuvuta kudya
• kufunika kofulumira, kofulumira kukodza
• kupweteka kapena kusapeza bwino m'mimba kapena m'chiuno

Zizindikirozi zimayamba mwadzidzidzi. Amamva mosiyana ndi chimbudzi chachilendo kapena kusamba kusamba. Nawonso samachoka. Dziwani zambiri za momwe zizindikilo zoyambilira za khansa yamchiberekero zimamverera komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu.

Zizindikiro zina za khansa yamchiberekero ingaphatikizepo:

• kupweteka kwa msana
• kupweteka panthawi yogonana
• kudzimbidwa
• kudzimbidwa
• kutopa
• kusintha kwa msambo
• kunenepa
• kuonda
• magazi ukazi
• ziphuphu
• kupweteka kwa msana komwe kumawonjezeka

Ngati muli ndi zizindikirazi kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa milungu iwiri, muyenera kupita kuchipatala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamchiberekero

Ochita kafukufuku samamvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba. Zowopsa zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuwonjezera mwayi wa mayi kuti adziwe khansa yamtunduwu, koma kukhala ndi zoopsa izi sikukutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi khansa. Werengani za chiopsezo chilichonse ndi gawo lake podziwitsa chiopsezo cha khansa yamchiberekero.

Khansa imapanga maselo amthupi akamayamba kukula ndikuchulukirachulukira. Ofufuza omwe akuphunzira za khansa yamchiberekero akuyesera kudziwa mitundu yomwe imayambitsa khansa.

Zosinthazi zitha kutengera kwa kholo kapena zitha kupezekanso. Ndiye kuti, zimachitika nthawi ya moyo wanu.

Mitundu ya khansa yamchiberekero

Epithelial carcinoma ya ovary

Epithelial cell carcinoma ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mimba. Amapanga 85 mpaka 89 peresenti ya khansa yamchiberekero. Ndi chifukwa chachinayi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a khansa mwa amayi.

Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda zizindikilo koyambirira. Anthu ambiri sapezeka mpaka atadwala kwambiri.

Zinthu zobadwa nazo

Khansa yamchiberekero yamtunduwu imatha kuyenda m'mabanja ndipo imafala kwambiri mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi mbiri ya mabanja ya:

• khansa yamchiberekero ndi khansa ya m'mawere
• khansa yamchiberekero yopanda khansa ya m'mawere
• khansa yamchiberekero ndi khansa ya m'matumbo

Amayi omwe ali ndi achibale awiri kapena kupitilira apo, monga kholo, m'bale wawo, kapena mwana, omwe ali ndi khansa yamchiberekero ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Komabe, kukhala ndi digiri yoyamba yoyamba yokhala ndi khansa ya ovari kumawonjezera ngozi. "Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere" BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 imalumikizidwanso ndi chiopsezo cha khansa yamchiberekero.

Zinthu zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kupulumuka kowonjezereka

Zinthu zingapo zimalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwamoyo mwa amayi omwe ali ndi epithelial carcinoma ya ovary:

• kulandira matenda koyambirira
• kukhala wachichepere
• kukhala ndi chotupa chosiyanitsidwa bwino, kapena maselo a khansa omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi
• kukhala ndi chotupa chochepa panthawi yomwe amachotsedwa
• wokhala ndi khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi majini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2

Khansa ya cell ya Germ ya ovary

"Khansa ya cell ya germary ya ovary" ndi dzina lomwe limafotokoza mitundu ingapo ya khansa. Khansa izi zimayamba kuchokera m'maselo omwe amapanga mazira. Amakonda kupezeka mwa azimayi achichepere komanso achinyamata ndipo amapezeka kwambiri azimayi azaka za m'ma 20.

Khansa iyi imatha kukhala yayikulu, ndipo imakula msanga. Nthawi zina, zotupa zimatulutsa chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Izi zitha kuyambitsa mayeso abodza.

Khansa ya cell ya germ nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa. Opaleshoni ndi mankhwala oyamba. Chemotherapy pambuyo pa opaleshoni ikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri.

Khansa ya cell ya Stromal ya ovary

Khansa yam'magazi amtunduwu imayamba kuchokera m'maselo a thumba losunga mazira. Ena mwa maselowa amapanganso mahomoni amchiberekero kuphatikizapo estrogen, progesterone, ndi testosterone.

Khansa yam'magazi yam'mimba m'mimba mwake ndi yosowa ndipo imakula pang'onopang'ono. Amatulutsa estrogen ndi testosterone. Kuchulukitsa kwa testosterone kumatha kupangitsa ziphuphu komanso tsitsi kumaso. Kuchuluka kwa estrogen kungayambitse magazi a uterine. Zizindikirozi zitha kuwoneka bwino.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti khansa ya stromal cell ipezeke koyambirira. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yam'magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino. Khansa yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi opaleshoni.

Chithandizo cha khansa yamchiberekero

Chithandizo cha khansa yamchiberekero chimatengera mtundu, gawo, komanso ngati mukufuna kudzakhala ndi ana mtsogolo.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni imatha kuchitidwa kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, kudziwa momwe khansa ilili, komanso kuthana ndi khansa.

Pochita opaleshoni, dokotalayo ayesa kuchotsa minofu yonse yomwe ili ndi khansa. Angathenso kutenga biopsy kuti awone ngati khansara yafalikira. Kukula kwa opareshoni kumadalira ngati mukufuna kudzakhala ndi pakati mtsogolo.

Ngati mukufuna kutenga pakati mtsogolo ndipo muli ndi khansa yoyamba ya 1, opaleshoni itha kukhala:

• kuchotsa ovary yomwe ili ndi khansa komanso biopsy ya ovary ina
• Kuchotsa minofu yamafuta, kapena omentum yolumikizidwa ndi ziwalo zina zam'mimba
• kuchotsa kwa m'mimba ndi m'chiuno mwanabele
• biopsies zamatumba ena ndi kusonkhanitsa kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa mimba

Opaleshoni yayikulu ya khansa yamchiberekero

Kuchita maopareshoni ndikofala ngati simukufuna kukhala ndi ana. Mwinanso mungafunike opaleshoni yowonjezera ngati muli ndi khansa yachiwiri, 3, kapena 4. Kuchotsa kwathunthu madera onse omwe ali ndi khansa kumatha kukulepheretsani kutenga pakati mtsogolo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuchotsa chiberekero
• kuchotsera thumba losunga mazira ndi mazira
• kuchotsedwa kwa omentum
• kuchotsedwa kwa minofu yambiri yomwe ili ndi maselo a khansa momwe zingathere
• biopsies amtundu uliwonse womwe ungakhale khansa

Chemotherapy

Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imatsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy. Mankhwala amatha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mimba. Izi zimatchedwa chithandizo cha intraperitoneal. Zotsatira zoyipa za chemotherapy zitha kuphatikiza:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kutayika tsitsi
• kutopa
• mavuto ogona

Chithandizo cha zizindikiro

Pamene dokotala akukonzekera kuchiza kapena kuchotsa khansara, mungafunike chithandizo chowonjezera pazizindikiro zomwe khansa ikuyambitsa. Ululu siwachilendo ndi khansa yamchiberekero.

Chotupacho chimatha kuyika ziwalo zapafupi, minofu, misempha, ndi mafupa. Kukula kwa khansa, kumawonjezera ululu.

Ululu ukhozanso kukhala chifukwa cha mankhwala. Chemotherapy, radiation, ndi opaleshoni zitha kukusiyani mukumva kuwawa komanso kusapeza bwino. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zomwe mungathetsere kupweteka kwa khansa ya m'mimba.

Kuzindikira khansa yamchiberekero

Kuzindikira khansa yamchiberekero kumayamba ndi mbiri yazachipatala ndikuwunika kwakuthupi. Kuyezetsa thupi kuyenera kuphatikizanso kuyesa kwa m'chiuno ndi kwammbali. Mayeso amodzi kapena angapo amwazi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuzindikira matendawa.

Kuyesedwa kwa pap smear kwapachaka sikukuzindikira khansa ya m'mimba. Mayeso omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza khansa yamchiberekero ndi awa:

• kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa magazi
• kuyesa kwa milingo ya khansa ya antigen 125, yomwe imatha kukwezedwa ngati muli ndi khansa yamchiberekero
• kuyesa kwa milingo ya HCG, yomwe imatha kukwezedwa ngati muli ndi chotupa cha majeremusi
• mayeso a alpha-fetoprotein, omwe atha kupangidwa ndi zotupa zamagulu anyongolosi
• mayeso a milingo ya lactate dehydrogenase, yomwe imatha kukwezedwa ngati muli ndi chotupa cha majeremusi
• kuyesa kwa milingo ya inhibin, estrogen, ndi testosterone, yomwe imatha kukwezedwa ngati muli ndi chotupa chama cell
• ntchito ya chiwindi imayeza ngati khansara yafalikira
• ntchito ya impso kuyesa ngati khansa yalepheretsa mkodzo wanu kuyenda kapena kufalikira ku chikhodzodzo ndi impso

Kafukufuku wina atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwunika ngati ali ndi khansa yamchiberekero:

Chisokonezo

Biopsy ndiyofunikira kuti mudziwe ngati khansa ilipo. Pogwiritsira ntchito, kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamatengedwa m'mimba mwake kuti ayang'ane maselo a khansa.

Izi zitha kuchitika ndi singano yomwe imatsogozedwa ndi CT scan kapena ndi ultrasound. Itha kuchitidwanso kudzera mu laparoscope. Ngati madzi am'mimba amapezeka, nyemba zimatha kuwunikidwa ngati zili ndi khansa.

Kuyesa mayeso

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso oyerekeza omwe angawone ngati kusintha kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa. Izi zikuphatikizapo CT scan, MRI, ndi PET scan.

Kufufuza metastasis

Ngati dokotala akukayikira khansa ya m'mimba, atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena kuti awone ngati khansayo yafalikira ku ziwalo zina. Mayesowa atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kuwunika kwamkodzo kumatha kuchitika kuti muone ngati muli ndi matenda kapena magazi mkodzo. Izi zimatha kuchitika ngati khansa ifalikira pachikhodzodzo ndi impso.
• X-ray pachifuwa imatha kuchitidwa kuti izindikire ngati zotupa zafalikira m'mapapu.
• Enema ya barium itha kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati chotupacho chafalikira kumtunda kapena m'matumbo.

Kuwonetsa khansa yamchiberekero nthawi zonse sikuvomerezeka. Pakadali pano, akatswiri azachipatala amakhulupirira kuti amabweza zotsatira zabodza zambiri. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja ya mawere, ovary, mazira, kapena khansa ya peritoneal, mungafune kukayezetsa mitundu ina ya majini ndikusanthula pafupipafupi. Sankhani ngati kuyesedwa kwa khansa yamchiberekero kuli koyenera kwa inu.

Zowopsa za khansa ya ovarian

Ngakhale chomwe chimayambitsa khansa yamchiberekero sichikudziwika, ofufuza apeza zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Chibadwa: Ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja yamchiberekero, bere, chubu, kapena khansa yoyipa, zowopsa zanu zokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba ndizambiri. Ndi chifukwa chakuti ofufuza apeza kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa khansa imeneyi. Zitha kupitilizidwa kuchokera kwa kholo kupita kwa mwana.
• Mbiri yazachipatala: Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya khansa ya m'mawere, chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'mimba ndichachikulu. Momwemonso, ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi vuto lina lobereka, mwayi wanu wokhala ndi khansa yamchiberekero ndiwokwera. Izi zimaphatikizira polycystic ovary syndrome ndi endometriosis, pakati pa ena.
• Mbiri yobereka: Amayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mimba, koma azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Momwemonso, azimayi omwe akhala ndi pakati ndikuyamwitsa ana awo atha kukhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa, koma amayi omwe sanakhalepo ndi pakati amakhala pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka.
• Zaka: Khansara yamchiberekero imakonda kwambiri azimayi achikulire; sichipezeka kawirikawiri mwa azimayi ochepera zaka 40. M'malo mwake, mumapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa yamchiberekero mukatha kusamba.
• Mtundu: Azimayi oyera omwe si Achipanishi amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba. Amatsatiridwa ndi azimayi aku Spain komanso akazi akuda.
• Kukula kwa thupi: Amayi omwe ali ndi index yopitilira 30 amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba.

Magawo a khansa yamchiberekero

Gawo la khansa yamchiberekero limadziwika ndi zinthu zitatu:

• kukula kwa chotupacho
• kaya chotupacho chalowa m'matumba ovary kapena pafupi
• kaya khansara yafalikira kumadera ena a thupi

Izi zikadziwika, khansa ya m'mimba imayikidwa molingana ndi izi:

• Khansa ya Gawo 1 imangokhala m'modzi kapena m'mimba mwake.
• Khansa ya Stage 2 imangokhala m'chiuno.
• Khansa ya Gawo 3 yafalikira m'mimba.
• Khansa ya Stage 4 yafalikira kunja kwa mimba kapena ziwalo zina zolimba.

Mkati mwa gawo lirilonse pali magawo. Zigawo izi zimamuwuza dokotala zambiri za khansa yanu. Mwachitsanzo, gawo 1A khansa yamchiberekero ndi khansa yomwe yakhala ikuyambika m'modzi yekha. Khansa ya Gawo 1B ili m'mimba mwake. Gawo lirilonse la khansa limakhala ndi tanthauzo lake komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Kuchuluka kwa khansa yamchiberekero

Kuchuluka kwa opulumuka ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi khansa yofananayi ali amoyo patapita nthawi yayitali. Mitengo yambiri yopulumuka imayambira zaka zisanu. Ngakhale manambalawa samakuuzani kuti mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji, amapereka lingaliro la momwe chithandizo cha khansa yamtundu winawake chilili bwino.

Kwa mitundu yonse ya khansa yamchiberekero, kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu ndi 47 peresenti. Komabe, ngati khansa yamchiberekero imapezeka ndikuthandizidwa isanafalikire kunja kwa thumba losunga mazira, kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu ndi 92%.

Komabe, ochepera kotala limodzi, 15 peresenti, ya khansa yonse yamchiberekero imapezeka koyambirira kumeneku. Phunzirani zambiri zamomwe munthu angawonere mtundu uliwonse komanso gawo la khansa yamchiberekero.

Kodi khansa yamchiberekero ingapewe?

Khansara yamchiberekero simawonetsa zizindikilo koyambirira. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri sizipezeka mpaka zitapita patsogolo. Pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera khansa yamchiberekero, koma madotolo amadziwa zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yamchiberekero.

Izi ndi monga:

• kumwa mapiritsi olera
• pobereka
• kuyamwitsa
• tubal ligation (yemwenso amadziwika kuti "kumangiriza machubu anu")
• maliseche

Tubal ligation ndi hysterectomy ziyenera kuchitidwa pazifukwa zomveka zachipatala. Kwa ena, chifukwa chomveka chachipatala chingachepetse chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, inu ndi dokotala muyenera kukambirana njira zina zopewera poyamba.

Muyenera kulankhula ndi adotolo za kuyezetsa koyambirira kwa khansa yamchiberekero ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja. Kusintha kwa majini kungakuike pachiwopsezo cha khansa yamchiberekero pambuyo pake. Kudziwa ngati muli ndi kusintha kumeneku kungakuthandizeni inu ndi dokotala kukhala tcheru kuti musinthe.

Matenda a khansa yamchiberekero

Kulosera kwa anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara ya ovari kumadalira momwe khansayo ipita patsogolo ikapezeka komanso momwe mankhwala amathandizira. Khansa yoyamba ya 1 imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwinoko kuposa khansa yam'mimba yam'mimba.

Komabe, ndi 15 peresenti yokha ya khansa yamchiberekero yomwe imapezeka koyambirira. Oposa 80 peresenti ya azimayi omwe ali ndi khansa yamchiberekero amapezeka ngati khansayo ili patali kwambiri.

Riboni ya khansa yamchiberekero

Seputembala ndi Mwezi Wodziwitsa Khansa ya Ovarian. Munthawi ino ya chaka, mutha kuwona anthu ambiri ovala tiyi, mtundu wodziwika wa kayendedwe ka khansa yamchiberekero. Ma riboni ndi chizindikiro cha kuzindikira kwa khansa yamchiberekero.

Ziwerengero za khansa yamchiberekero

Ngakhale thumba losunga mazira likhoza kukhala chiwalo chimodzi, mitundu yoposa 30 ya khansa yamchiberekero ilipo. Amagawidwa ndi mtundu wa khungu komwe khansa imayambira, kuphatikiza gawo la khansa.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa yamchiberekero ndi zotupa zaminyewa. Oposa 85 peresenti ya khansa yamchiberekero imayamba m'maselo omwe amayika kunja kwa thumba losunga mazira.

Khansara yamchiberekero imakhala yachisanu mwa anthu omwe amwalira ndi khansa ku azimayi aku America. Imapha anthu ambiri kuposa khansa ina iliyonse yazimayi.

Amayi m'modzi mwa amayi 78 amapezeka ndi khansa ya ovari nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo.

Azimayi achikulire amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Zaka zapakati pazomwe amapezeka ndi khansa yamchiberekero ndi zaka 63.

Ndi 15 peresenti yokha ya odwala khansa yamchiberekero yomwe imapezeka koyambirira.

Amayi omwe khansa imapezeka koyambirira amakhala ndi zaka zisanu-kupulumuka kwa 92%. Kwa mitundu yonse ndi magawo a khansa, zaka zisanu kupulumuka kwapafupifupi ndi 47 peresenti.

Mu 2018, 22,240 apezeka ndi khansa ya ovari. Wina 14,070 amwalira ndi khansa yamtunduwu.

Mwamwayi, bungwe la American Cancer Society lati mulingo womwe azimayi amapezeka ndi khansa yamtunduwu wakhala ukugwera mzaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Dziwani zambiri za omwe angapeze khansa ya m'mimba, momwe mankhwala amathandizira, ndi zina zambiri.