Chibayo

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Chibayo ndi chiyani?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa chibayo?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha chibayo?
• Kodi zizindikiro za chibayo ndi ziti?
• Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe chibayo chimayambitsa?
• Kodi chibayo chimapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a chibayo ndi ati?
• Kodi chibayo chingapewe?

Chidule

Chibayo ndi chiyani?

Chibayo ndimatenda m'mapapu amodzi. Zimapangitsa matumba am'mapapu kudzaza ndimadzimadzi kapena mafinya. Amatha kukhala ochepa mpaka ofooka, kutengera mtundu wa majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matendawa, msinkhu wanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa chibayo?

Matenda a bakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi mafangasi amatha kuyambitsa chibayo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofala kwambiri. Chibayo cha bakiteriya chitha kuchitika chokha. Zitha kupanganso mutakhala ndi matenda ena monga ma chimfine kapena chimfine. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya imatha kuyambitsa chibayo, kuphatikiza

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Legionella pneumophila; chibayo ichi chimatchedwa matenda a Legionnaires
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae

Mavairasi omwe amapatsira mpweya amatha kuyambitsa chibayo. Chibayo cha chibayo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofatsa ndipo chimatha chokha pakangopita milungu ingapo. Koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mufike kuchipatala. Ngati muli ndi chibayo cha virus, muli pachiwopsezo chotenga chibayo cha bakiteriya. Mavairasi osiyanasiyana omwe angayambitse chibayo ndi awa

• Kupuma kwa syncytial virus (RSV)
• Tizilombo tina tofala ndi chimfine
• SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19

Fungal chibayo chimakhala chofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Mitundu ina imaphatikizapo

• Chibayo cha chibayo cha pneumocystis (PCP)
• Coccidioidomycosis, yomwe imayambitsa chigwa
• Histoplasmosis
• Cryptococcus

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha chibayo?

Aliyense akhoza kutenga chibayo, koma zinthu zina zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo:

• Zaka; chiopsezo ndi chachikulu kwa ana omwe ali ndi zaka 2 ndi ocheperapo komanso achikulire azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala enaake, zoipitsa, kapena utsi wakupha
• Zizolowezi pamoyo wanu, monga kusuta, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, komanso kusowa zakudya m'thupi
• Kukhala mchipatala, makamaka ngati muli ku ICU. Kukhala pansi ndi / kapena kupuma mpweya kumawonjezera ngozi.
• Kukhala ndi matenda am'mapapo
• Kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka
• Mukuvutika kutsokomola kapena kumeza, kuchokera ku sitiroko kapena vuto lina
• Posachedwapa ndikudwala chimfine kapena chimfine

Kodi zizindikiro za chibayo ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chibayo zimatha kukhala zofewa mpaka zovuta ndikuphatikizira

• Malungo
• Kuzizira
• Kukhosomola, nthawi zambiri ndi phlegm (chinthu chochepa kuchokera m'mapapu anu)
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kupweteka pachifuwa mukamapuma kapena kutsokomola
• Nsautso ndi / kapena kusanza
• Kutsekula m'mimba

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Ana obadwa kumene ndi makanda sangawonetse zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawa. Ena amatha kusanza ndikutentha thupi komanso kutsokomola. Amatha kuwoneka odwala, opanda mphamvu, kapena osakhazikika.

Achikulire achikulire komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena chitetezo chokwanira cha mthupi amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa. Amatha kukhala ndi kutentha pang'ono kuposa kwanthawi zonse. Okalamba omwe ali ndi chibayo nthawi zina amasintha mwadzidzidzi pamaganizidwe awo.

Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe chibayo chimayambitsa?

Nthawi zina chibayo chimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu monga

• Bacteremia, yomwe imachitika pamene mabakiteriya amalowa m'magazi. Ndizowopsa ndipo zitha kubweretsa mantha.
• Ziphuphu zam'mapapo, zomwe ndi mafinya m'mapapo
• Matenda a Pleural, omwe ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imakhudza pleura. Pleura ndi minofu yomwe imaphimba kunja kwa mapapo ndikulowetsa mkati mwa chifuwa chanu.
• Impso kulephera
• Kulephera kupuma

Kodi chibayo chimapezeka bwanji?

Nthawi zina chibayo chimakhala chovuta kuchizindikira. Izi ndichifukwa choti zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zofananira chimfine kapena chimfine. Zingatenge nthawi kuti muzindikire kuti muli ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kuti mudziwe, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu

• Adzafunsa za mbiri yazachipatala ndi zizindikilo zake
• Adzayesa thupi, kuphatikiza kumvera m'mapapu anu ndi stethoscope
• Mutha kuyesa, kuphatikiza
  • X-ray pachifuwa
  • Kuyezetsa magazi monga kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kuti muwone ngati chitetezo chamthupi chanu chikulimbana ndi matenda
  • Chikhalidwe cha magazi kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a bakiteriya omwe afalikira m'magazi anu

Ngati muli mchipatala, muli ndi zizindikilo zoopsa, ndinu okalamba, kapena muli ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, mutha kukhalanso ndi mayeso ena, monga

• Kuyesa kwa sputum, komwe kumayang'ana mabakiteriya mu sputum (spit) kapena phlegm (chinthu chochepa kuchokera m'mapapu anu).
• Chifuwa cha CT pachifuwa kuti muwone momwe mapapu anu amakhudzidwira. Zitha kuwonetsanso ngati muli ndi zovuta monga zotupa m'mapapo kapena zopumira.
• Chikhalidwe chamadzimadzi, chomwe chimayang'ana mabakiteriya mumadzimadzi omwe adatengedwa kuchokera m'malo opumira
• Kuyesa oximetry kapena kuyeza kwama oksijeni m'magazi, kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamagazi anu
• Bronchoscopy, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana mkati mwanjira zam'mapapu anu

Kodi mankhwala a chibayo ndi ati?

Chithandizo cha chibayo chimadalira mtundu wa chibayo, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, komanso momwe chimakhalira choopsa:

• Maantibayotiki amachiza chibayo cha bakiteriya ndi mitundu ina ya chibayo cha fungus. Sagwirira ntchito chibayo cha tizilombo.
• Nthawi zina, omwe amakupatsani akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya chibayo
• Mankhwala antifungal amachiza mitundu ina ya chibayo cha fungus

Mungafunike kuti mukalandire chithandizo kuchipatala ngati matenda anu akukula kwambiri kapena ngati muli pachiwopsezo chazovuta. Mukakhala komweko, mungalandire chithandizo china. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mpweya wanu wa oxygen uli wochepa, mungalandire chithandizo cha oxygen.

Zingatenge nthawi kuti achire chibayo. Anthu ena amamva bwino pasanathe sabata. Kwa anthu ena, zimatha kutenga mwezi kapena kupitilira apo.

Kodi chibayo chingapewe?

Katemera amatha kuteteza chibayo chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a pneumococcal kapena kachilombo ka chimfine. Kukhala aukhondo, osasuta, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kungathandizenso kupewa chibayo.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute

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