Kafukufuku Wamtsogolo ndi Ziyeso Zazachipatala Zoyambira Patsogolo MS

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Mitundu ya MS
• Kumvetsetsa MS yopita patsogolo
• Chithandizo cha PPMS
• Ocrevus (Ocrelizumab)
• Mayeso azachipatala a PPMS omwe akuchitika
• Mankhwala a NurOwn stem cell
• Zamgululi
• Masitinib
• Kutsirizidwa kwamankhwala
• Zamgululi
• Idebenone
• Zamgululi
• Fampridine
• Kafukufuku wa PPMS
• Kutenga

Chidule

Multiple sclerosis (MS) ndimatenda okhaokha. Zimachitika thupi likayamba kulimbana ndi ziwalo zamkati mwamanjenje (CNS).

Mankhwala ambiri omwe alipo pakali pano amayang'ana kubwereranso kwa MS osati pa MS (PPMS) yoyamba. Komabe, mayesero azachipatala amapezeka nthawi zonse kuti athandize kumvetsetsa PPMS ndikupeza mankhwala atsopano, othandiza.

Mitundu ya MS

Mitundu inayi yayikulu ya MS ndi iyi:

• matenda opatsirana (CIS)
• Kubwezeretsanso MS (RRMS)
• MS yopita patsogolo (PPMS)
• MS yachiwiri yopita patsogolo (SPMS)

Mitundu iyi ya MS idapangidwa kuti ithandizire ofufuza zamankhwala kugawa omwe akuchita nawo zoyeserera zamatenda omwe ali ndi chitukuko chofananira cha matendawa. Maguluwa amalola ofufuza kuwunika momwe mankhwala ena aliri abwino komanso otetezeka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito anthu ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali.

Kumvetsetsa MS yopita patsogolo

Ndi 15% yokha kapena anthu onse omwe amapezeka ndi MS omwe ali ndi PPMS. PPMS imakhudza amuna ndi akazi chimodzimodzi, pomwe RRMS imakonda kwambiri azimayi kuposa amuna.

Mitundu yambiri ya MS imachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimagonjetsa myelin sheath. Myelin sheath ndi mafuta, zoteteza zomwe zimazungulira mitsempha mumtsempha wam'mimba ndi ubongo. Izi zikagwidwa, zimayambitsa kutupa.

PPMS imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi minofu yofiira pamadera owonongeka. Matendawa amasokoneza njira yolumikizirana ndi mitsempha, ndikupangitsa zizindikilo zosayembekezeka komanso kukula kwa matenda.

Mosiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi RRMS, anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS amakumana ndi zovuta pang'onopang'ono popanda kubwereranso kapena kuchotsedwa msanga. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu olumala, anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS amathanso kukumana ndi izi:

• kumverera kwa dzanzi kapena kumva kulasalasa
• kutopa
• vuto ndi kuyenda kapena kuyenda mogwirizana
• zimakhala ndi masomphenya, monga kuwonera kawiri
• mavuto ndi kukumbukira komanso kuphunzira
• kutuluka kwa minofu kapena kuuma kwa minofu
• amasintha malingaliro

Chithandizo cha PPMS

Kuchiza PPMS kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuchiza RRMS, ndipo kumaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochotsera chitetezo chamthupi. Mankhwalawa amangothandiza kwakanthawi. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mosalekeza kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka.

Ngakhale kuti Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavomereza mankhwala ambiri a RRMS, si onse omwe ali oyenera mitundu yopita patsogolo ya MS. Mankhwala a RRMS, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mankhwala osintha matenda (DMDs), amatengedwa mosalekeza ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa.

Kutulutsa mwakhama zotupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumapezekanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS. Zilondazo ndizotupa kwambiri ndipo zitha kuwononga chikhomo cha myelin. Sizikudziwika ngati mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa amatha kuchepetsa mitundu ya MS.

Ocrevus (Ocrelizumab)

A FDA adavomereza Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) ngati chithandizo cha RRMS ndi PPMS mu Marichi 2017. Mpaka pano, ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe akuvomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti athetse PPMS.

Mayesero azachipatala adawonetsa kuti imatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa zizindikiritso mu PPMS pozungulira 25% poyerekeza ndi placebo.

Ocrevus amavomerezedwanso kuchipatala cha RRMS ndi "oyambirira" PPMS ku England. Sichivomerezedwabe kumadera ena a United Kingdom.

National Institute for Health Excellence (NICE) poyambilira idakana Ocrevus pachifukwa choti mtengo woperekera izi umaposa zabwino zake. Komabe, NICE, National Health Service (NHS), komanso omwe amapanga mankhwala (Roche) pamapeto pake adakambirananso mtengo wake.

Mayeso azachipatala a PPMS omwe akuchitika

Chofunika kwambiri kwa ofufuza ndikuphunzira zambiri za mitundu ya MS. Mankhwala atsopano ayenera kupitiliza kuyezetsa magazi asanavomereze FDA.

Mayesero ambiri azachipatala amatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Komabe, chifukwa kafukufukuyu ndi ochepa, mayesero ataliatali amafunikira PPMS. Mayesero ochulukirapo a RRMS akuchitika chifukwa ndikosavuta kuweruza momwe mankhwala amathandizira pakubwereranso.

Onani tsamba la National Multiple Sclerosis Society kuti mupeze mndandanda wathunthu wamayesero azachipatala ku United States.

Mayesero otsatirawa akuchitika.

Mankhwala a NurOwn stem cell

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics ikuchita gawo lachiwiri lachipatala kuti lifufuze chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya maselo a NurOwn pochiza MS yopita patsogolo. Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito maseli am'madzi omwe amachokera kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe adalimbikitsidwa kuti apange zina zokula.

Mu Novembala 2019, National Multiple Sclerosis Society idapatsa Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics ndalama zofufuzira za $ 495,330 zothandizira chithandizo ichi.

Mlanduwu ukuyembekezeka kutha mu Seputembara 2020.

Zamgululi

MedDay Pharmaceuticals SA pakadali pano ikuyesa mayeso azachipatala a gawo lachitatu pakugwiritsa ntchito kapisozi wa biotin wambiri pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Mlanduwu umafunanso kuyang'ana makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto.

Biotin ndi vitamini yomwe imakhudzidwa pakukweza zinthu zama cell komanso kupanga kwa myelin. Capsule ya biotin ikufanizidwa ndi placebo.

Mlanduwu sukulembanso anthu atsopano, koma sakuyembekezeka kumaliza mpaka Juni 2023.

Masitinib

AB Science ikuyesa mayeso azachipatala gawo lachitatu pa mankhwalawa masitinib. Masitinib ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuyankha kwamatenda. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepa kwa kutupa.

Mlanduwu ukuwunika momwe masitinib amatetezera poyerekeza ndi placebo. Mankhwala awiri a masitinib akuyerekezeredwa ndi placebo: Njira yoyamba imagwiritsa ntchito mulingo womwewo, pomwe inayo imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa miyezi itatu.

Mlanduwu sukulembanso omwe angatenge nawo mbali. Zikuyembekezeka kumaliza mu Seputembara 2020.

Kutsirizidwa kwamankhwala

Mayesero otsatirawa atsirizidwa posachedwa. Kwa ambiri a iwo, zotsatira zoyambirira kapena zomaliza zasindikizidwa.

Zamgululi

MediciNova wamaliza kuyesa kwachipatala chachiwiri pa mankhwalawa ibudilast. Cholinga chake chinali kudziwa chitetezo cha mankhwalawa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Phunziroli, ibudilast idafaniziridwa ndi placebo.

Zotsatira zoyambirira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti ibudilast idachedwetsa kukula kwaubongo poyerekeza ndi malowa pamasabata 96. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimanenedweratu zinali zizindikiro za m'mimba.

Ngakhale zotsatira zikulonjeza, mayesero owonjezera amafunikira kuti awone ngati zotsatira za mayeserowa zitha kuberekanso komanso momwe ibudilast angafanane ndi Ocrevus ndi mankhwala ena.

Idebenone

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) posachedwapa yatsiriza kuyesa kwachipatala cha I / II kuti muwone momwe idebenone imathandizira anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS. Idebenone ndi mtundu wopanga wa coenzyme Q10. Amakhulupirira kuti amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwamanjenje.

M'kati mwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi za kuyesedwa kwa zaka zitatuzi, ophunzira adatenga mankhwalawo kapena placebo. Zotsatira zoyambirira zidawonetsa kuti, pophunzira, idebenone sanapindulepo ndi malowa.

Zamgululi

Ma Teva Pharmaceutical Industries adathandizira kafukufuku wachiwiri wachiwiri pofuna kukhazikitsa umboni wazachipatala cha PPMS ndi laquinimod.

Sizimveka bwino momwe laquinimod imagwirira ntchito. Amakhulupirira kuti amasintha machitidwe am'magazi amthupi, motero amapewa kuwonongeka kwamanjenje.

Zotsatira zakukhumudwitsa zapangitsa kuti wopanga wake, Active Biotech, asiye kugwiritsa ntchito laquinimod ngati mankhwala a MS.

Fampridine

Mu 2018, University College Dublin adamaliza kuyesa kwa gawo IV kuti awone momwe fampridine imathandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumapazi komanso PPMS kapena SPMS. Fampridine amadziwikanso kuti dalfampridine.

Ngakhale kuti mayesowa adamalizidwa, palibe zotsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa.

Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku waku Italiya wa 2019, mankhwalawa amatha kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chidziwitso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS. Kuwunika kwa 2019 ndikuwunika meta kunatsimikizira kuti panali umboni wamphamvu kuti mankhwalawa adakulitsa kuthekera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS kuyenda mtunda wawufupi komanso momwe amadziwira kuyenda.

Kafukufuku wa PPMS

National Multiple Sclerosis Society ikulimbikitsa kafukufuku wopitilira mitundu yambiri ya MS. Cholinga ndikupanga chithandizo chabwino.

Kafukufuku wina wagwiritsa ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS ndi anthu athanzi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adapeza kuti maselo am'munsi muubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS amawoneka achikulire kuposa ma cell omwewo mwa anthu athanzi azaka zofananira.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti ma oligodendrocyte, maselo omwe amapanga myelin, atakumana ndi maselowa, amawonetsa mapuloteni osiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi anthu athanzi. Pamene mawonekedwe a mapuloteniwa adatsekedwa, ma oligodendrocyte ankachita bwino. Izi zitha kuthandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake myelin imasokonekera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PPMS.

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi MS omwe amapita patsogolo amakhala ndi mamolekyulu ochepa otchedwa bile acid. Ziphuphu zamadzimadzi zimagwira ntchito zingapo, makamaka mukugaya. Amakhalanso ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa pamaselo ena.

Olandila ma bile acid amapezekanso m'maselo amtundu wa MS. Zimaganiziridwa kuti kuwonjezera ndi ma bile acid atha kupindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi MS yopita patsogolo. M'malo mwake, kuyesa kwachipatala kuti ayese ndendende izi kukuchitika.

Kutenga

Mzipatala, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe ena ku United States akugwirabe ntchito kuti aphunzire zambiri za PPMS ndi MS wamba.

Pakadali pano mankhwala amodzi okha, Ocrevus, omwe amavomerezedwa ndi a FDA kuti amuthandize PPMS. Ngakhale Ocrevus amachepetsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa PPMS, sikuletsa kupitako.

Mankhwala ena, monga ibudilast, amawoneka olonjeza potengera zoyeserera zoyambirira. Mankhwala ena, monga idebenone ndi laquinimod, sanawonetsedwe kuti ndi othandiza.

Mayeso owonjezera amafunikira kuti athe kupeza zochiritsira zowonjezera za PPMS. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za mayesero ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala aposachedwa omwe angakupindulitseni.