Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha protozoa, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha protozoa
• 1. Toxoplasmosis
• 2. Leishmaniasis
• 3. Trichomoniasis
• 4. Matenda a Chagas
• 5. Giardiasis
• 6. Amoebiasis
• 7. Malungo

Protozoa ndi tizilombo tosavuta, chifukwa amapangidwa ndi khungu limodzi lokha, ndipo ali ndi vuto la matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, monga za Trichomoniasis, mwachitsanzo, kapena kuluma kapena kuluma kwa tizilombo, monga monga nkhani ya Leishmaniasis ndi Chagas Disease.

Matenda obwera chifukwa cha Protozoan amatha kupewedwa ndi njira zosavuta, monga kusamba m'manja musanaphike kapena mukamaliza kuphika kapena kulumikizana ndi nyama, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu panthawi yogonana komanso kuvala mathalauza amanja atali ndi bulauzi kapena othamangitsa m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha malungo, mwachitsanzo.

Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha protozoa

1. Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, yomwe ili ndi amphaka monga alendo ake otsimikizika, komanso anthu monga oyang'anira ake apakatikati. Chifukwa chake, anthu amatha kutenga kachilomboka kudzera mwa kumeza ziphuphu za Toxoplasma gondii amapezeka m'nthaka, madzi kapena chakudya, kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi ndowe za amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena kudzera mwa kufalikira kwa mayi ndi mwana, komwe kumatchedwanso transplacental, komwe kumachitika mayi wapakati atalandira toxoplasmosis ndipo samapanga mankhwala oyenera, ndipo tiziromboti titha kudutsa nsengwa ndi kupatsira mwanayo.

Kuzindikira kwa Toxoplasmosis kumachitika makamaka kudzera m'mayeso amthupi omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi tiziromboti toyenda m'magazi. Kuphatikiza pa mayeso a chitetezo cha mthupi, adotolo ayenera kuganizira zomwe wodwalayo amapereka, ngakhale zizindikilozo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi tiziromboti tina.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Nthawi zambiri toxoplasmosis imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, komabe mwa amayi apakati komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokhazikika, zizindikilo zimatha kuoneka pakati pa masiku 5 mpaka 20 malingana ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana. Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi Toxoplasmosis ndikutupa m'khosi, kupweteka mutu, mawanga ofiira m'thupi, malungo ndi kupweteka kwa minofu. Dziwani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za toxoplasmosis.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Mankhwala a Toxoplasmosis amachitika ndi cholinga chothetsa tiziromboti m'thupi, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga Pyrimethamine wokhudzana ndi Sulfadiazine. Pakati pa mimba, ngati atapezeka kuti ali ndi toxoplasmosis, ndikofunikira kuti mankhwala achitike mwachangu kuti apewe zovuta za fetus komanso zovuta zapakati. Mvetsetsani momwe mankhwala a toxoplasmosis amachitikira.

2. Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis ndi parasitosis yoyambitsidwa ndi protozoan yamtunduwu Leishmania zomwe, malinga ndi mitundu yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo kuyambira kufatsa mpaka zovuta. Imodzi mwa mitundu yopezeka kwambiri ku Brazil ndi Leishmania braziliensis, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana ndi kuwonetseredwa koopsa kwamankhwala.

Kutumiza kwa mitundu ya Leishmania zimachitika kudzera kuluma kwa ntchentche yamtunduwu Lutzomyia, yotchuka kwambiri yotchedwa udzudzu waudzu, womwe umaluma anthu, mwachitsanzo, umayika tiziromboti tomwe timagaya chakudya. Malinga ndi mitundu ndi zizindikilo zomwe wodwalayo amapereka, leishmaniasis imatha kugawidwa kukhala leishmaniasis yocheperako kapena yocheperako, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis ndi visceral leishmaniasis, iliyonse yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe ake. Onani momwe mungadziwire Leishmaniasis ya visceral komanso yodulira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Pankhani ya leishmaniasis yodula, zizindikilo zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakati pa masabata awiri ndi miyezi itatu kuchokera ku kachilombo ka protozoan, ndikuwoneka kamodzi kapena kangapo pamalungo oluma omwe amatha kupita pachilonda chotseguka komanso chopweteka mkati mwa ochepa masabata.

Pankhani ya leishmaniasis ya mucocutaneous, zotupazo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zimapita patsogolo msanga kuti zitsegule zotupa za mucous and cartilage, makamaka mphuno, pharynx, ndi pakamwa. Kuvulala kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa zovuta poyankhula, kumeza kapena kupuma, zomwe zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndikupha kufa, mwachitsanzo.

Kumbali ina ya visceral leishmaniasis, zizindikirazo zimakhala ndi kusintha kwakanthawi ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala malungo, kukulitsa ndulu ndi chiwindi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa thupi ndi edema, ndipo imayenera kuchiritsidwa mwachangu, chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi leishmaniasis iyi amatha kusintha msanga ku cachexia ndipo, chifukwa chake, imfa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha leishmaniasis chimachitika pamene zilonda zoyambirira zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zimachulukitsa kapena zimabweretsa zofooketsa, pogwiritsa ntchito Pentavalent Antimonials, monga Amphotericin B, Pentamidine ndi Aminosidine, mwachitsanzo, zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. leishmaniasis ndi chitsogozo cha dokotala.

3. Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis ndi matenda opatsirana komanso opatsirana pogonana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha protozoan Trichomonas sp., Pokhala mtundu womwe umapezeka kwambiri Trichomonas vaginalis. Kutenga kachilomboka kumatha kuchitika mwa abambo ndi amai, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofananira ndi matenda amkodzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Kwa amayi, zizindikiro za trichomoniasis zimatenga masiku pafupifupi 3 mpaka 20 kuti ziwonekere, ndipo pakhoza kukhala kutulutsa kobiriwira chikasu ndikununkhira kwamphamvu, kupweteka pakugonana, kupweteka mukakodza ndikulakalaka kukopa. Amuna, zizindikilo zazikulu ndizowonekera bwino, zowoneka bwino komanso zotuluka pang'ono komanso kusapeza bwino pokodza. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire Trichomoniasis.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Mankhwala a Trichomoniasis amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki molingana ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala, monga momwe amawonetsera kugwiritsa ntchito Tinidazole kapena Metronidazole, mwachitsanzo. Ndikofunika kuti onse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso wokondedwa wake amwe mankhwala a trichomoniasis ngakhale ngati palibe zisonyezo.

4. Matenda a Chagas

Matenda a Chagas, omwe amadziwikanso kuti American trypanosomiasis, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera ndi tizilomboto Trypanosoma cruzi. Matendawa amapatsirana kudzera pakuluma kwa tizilombo tomwe timadziwika kuti ometera, komwe tikangomuluma munthuyo, kutulutsa chimbudzi, kutulutsa tiziromboti, ndipo munthuyo akakanda malowo, amatha kufalitsa mankhwalawa ndikulola kuti alowe mthupi .

Ngakhale kuluma kwa wometera ndiye njira yofala kwambiri yofalitsira tiziromboti, matenda a Chagas amathanso kupezeka mwa kuthiridwa magazi owonongeka, kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana nthawi yapakati kapena yobereka komanso kudzera pachakudya chodetsedwa ndi wometayo kapena ndowe zake , makamaka nzimbe ndi açaí. Dziwani zambiri za matenda a Chagas.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za matenda a chagas zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chitetezo cha omwe akukulandirani, ndipo amatha kukhala opanda chizindikiro, momwe tiziromboti timakhala mthupi mthupi kwazaka zambiri osayambitsa zizindikilo, kapena timakhala ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana pang'ono pang'ono malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa majeremusi mthupi. komanso chitetezo cha mthupi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda a Chagas ndi malungo, edema pamalo olumirako, chiwindi chokulitsa ndi ndulu, kutupa ndi kupweteka kwa ma lymph node ndi malaise. Kuphatikiza apo, kutenga nawo mbali mtima kumakhala kofala, kumabweretsa kukulitsa mtima, ndi kutupa kwa zikope.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha matenda a Chagas sichinakhazikitsidwe bwino, komabe zimawonetsedwa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi Chagas amathandizidwa ndi Nifurtimox ndi Benzonidazole.

5. Giardiasis

Giardiasis ndi parasitosis yoyambitsidwa ndi protozoan Giardia lamblia, yomwe ndi mitundu yokhayo yamtunduwu Giardia Amatha kupatsira ndi kuyambitsa zizindikiro mwa anthu. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana ndipo amatha kufalikira kudzera mwa kumeza ziphuphu za Giardia lamblia kupezeka m'madzi, chakudya kapena malo okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonjezera pa kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, njira iyi yofalitsira imapezeka m'malo omwe muli anthu ambiri ndipo alibe ukhondo wokwanira. Mvetsetsani zambiri za giardiasis ndi momwe imafalikira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za giardiasis zimawoneka pakatha masabata 1 kapena 3 mutakhudzana ndi protozoan ndipo makamaka m'matumbo, ndimikanda yam'mimba, kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wam'mimba, kuchepa kwa chakudya, kuchepa mwangozi komanso kutsekula m'mimba komwe kumatha kukhala kofatsa komanso kosalekeza kapena kovuta.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha giardiasis chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ndi ma antiparasitic, monga Metronidazole, Secnidazole, Tinidazole kapena Albendazole, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga adalangizira adotolo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kutsekula m'mimba, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo amwe madzi ambiri panthawi yamankhwala kuti ateteze kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, komwe kumakhala kofala munthawi imeneyi.

Pazovuta kwambiri, pamene kutsekula m'mimba kuli kovuta komanso kosalekeza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti munthuyo atumizidwe kuchipatala chapafupi kapena kuchipatala kuti akalandire seramu mwachindunji mumtsempha ndipo, motero, kuperewera kwa madzi m'thupi kumatha kupewedwa.

6. Amoebiasis

Amoebiasis ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri mwa ana, amayamba chifukwa cha tizirombotiEntamoeba histolytica ndipo imafalikira makamaka kudzera mukumwa ziphuphu zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa ndi ndowe. Ma cysts akalowa m'thupi, amakhala mumkhoma wam'mimba ndikutulutsa mitundu ya tiziromboti, yomwe imabereka ndikupita m'matumbo a munthu, zomwe zimayambitsa kugaya kwam'mimba. Dziwani zambiri za amebiasis.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: THE Entamoeba histolytica imatha kukhala mthupi popanda kuyambitsa zizindikiritso kwazaka, komabe ndizofala kwambiri kuti pafupifupi 2 mpaka 4 masabata atadwala matendawa zizindikilo zimayamba kuwonekera. Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi amebiasis ndimavuto am'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, nseru, kutopa kwambiri komanso kupezeka kwa magazi kapena kutsekemera.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Chithandizo cha amebiasis ndi chophweka ndipo chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi Metronidazole malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala. Ngakhale ndizosavuta kuchiza parasitosis, ndikofunikira kuti ziyambike zikangowonekera zoyamba, kuyambira Entamoeba histolytica imatha kudutsa khoma lamatumbo ndikufalikira kudzera m'magazi, kufikira ziwalo zina ndikupangitsa zizindikilo zowopsa.

7. Malungo

Malungo amayamba chifukwa cholumidwa ndi udzudzu wamkazi wa mtunduwo Anopheles kutenga kachilombo ka tiziromboto ta mtunduwo Plasmodium spp. Mitundu yayikulu yamatendawa omwe amapezeka ku Brazil ndi Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum ndipo Plasmodium vivax. Tiziromboti tikalowa m'thupi, timapita m'chiwindi, momwe timachulukana, kenako ndikufika m'magazi, ndikutha kuwononga maselo ofiira, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale sichimachitika pafupipafupi, kufalitsa malungo kumatha kuchitika mwa kuthiridwa magazi omwe ali ndi matenda, kugawana ma syringe kapena ngozi mu labotale, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Nthawi yosungunuka kwa malungo, yomwe ndi nthawi yapakati pokhudzana ndi wothandizirayo komanso mawonekedwe oyamba, amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa protozoan. Ngati P. malungo, nthawi yosakaniza ndi masiku 18 mpaka 40, a P. falciparum ndi masiku 9 mpaka 14 ndipo P. vivax ndi masiku 12 mpaka 17.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za malungo ndizofanana ndi matenda ena opatsirana, okhala ndi malaise, mutu, kutopa ndi kupweteka kwa minofu. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a malungo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kutha kwa tiziromboti kulowa m'maselo ofiira ndikuwononga, monga malungo, thukuta, kuzizira, nseru, kusanza, kupweteka mutu komanso kufooka.

M'mavuto ovuta kwambiri, makamaka ngati matenda amapezeka mwa ana, amayi apakati, achikulire osateteza chitetezo cha anthu komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chovuta, pakhoza kukhala khunyu, jaundice, hypoglycemia komanso kusintha kwa chidziwitso, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira: Pofuna kuchiza malungo, adotolo amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amaperekedwa mwaulere ndi SUS, kutengera mtundu wa Plasmodium, kuuma kwa zizindikilo, msinkhu komanso mawonekedwe amthupi mwa munthu. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito Chloroquine, Primaquine kapena Artesunate ndi Mefloquine, mwachitsanzo, kungalimbikitsidwe. Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala a Malungo.