Mitundu ya Schizophrenia

Zamkati

• Udindo wapano wa DSM-5
• Mitundu ingapo ya schizophrenia
• Paranoid schizophrenia
• Hebephrenic / osasokonezeka schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia wosadziwika
• Schizophrenia yotsalira
• Matenda a Catatonic
• Schizophrenia yaubwana
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi schizophrenia
• Matenda a Schizoaffective
• Zina zokhudzana nazo
• Kutenga

Kodi schizophrenia ndi chiyani?

Schizophrenia ndi matenda amisala omwe amakhudza:

• zotengeka
• luso loganiza mwanzeru komanso momveka bwino
• kuthekera kocheza ndi kulumikizana ndi ena

Malinga ndi National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), schizophrenia imakhudza pafupifupi 1% yaku America. Amapezeka kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa unyamata kapena kumayambiriro kwa zaka 20 kwa amuna, komanso mochedwa 20s kapena 30s oyambirira mwa akazi.

Magawo a matendawa amatha kubwera ndikupita, ofanana ndi matenda akukhululukidwa. Pakakhala nthawi "yogwira", munthu akhoza kukumana ndi izi:

• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• zonyenga
• kuvuta kuganiza ndikukhazikika
• kukhudzika

Udindo wapano wa DSM-5

Matenda angapo anali ndi kusintha kwa matenda komwe kunapangidwa mu "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways, Edition 5," kuphatikiza schizophrenia. M'mbuyomu, munthu amangofunikira kukhala ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro kuti apezeke. Tsopano, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosachepera ziwiri.

DSM-5 inachotsanso ma subtypes ngati magulu osiyanasiyana azidziwitso, kutengera chizindikiro chowonekera. Izi zidapezeka kuti sizothandiza, popeza magulu ang'onoang'ono adalumikizana ndipo amalingaliridwa kuti amachepetsa kutsimikizika kwa matenda, malinga ndi American Psychiatric Association.

M'malo mwake, ma subtypes awa tsopano ndi omwe akuwunikira kuti adziwe matendawa, kuti athe kupereka zambiri kwa wodwalayo.

Mitundu ingapo ya schizophrenia

Ngakhale ma subtypes kulibe monga matenda osiyana azachipatala, amathanso kukhala othandiza monga owunikira komanso pokonzekera chithandizo. Pali magawo asanu achikale:

• wotsutsa
• hebephrenic
• osasankhidwa
• zotsalira
• katatoni

Paranoid schizophrenia

Paranoid schizophrenia inali njira yofala kwambiri ya schizophrenia. Mu 2013, American Psychiatric Association idatsimikiza kuti paranoia chinali chizindikiro chabwino cha vutoli, chifukwa chake paranoid schizophrenia sichinali chikhalidwe chosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kenako adangosinthidwa kukhala schizophrenia.

Mafotokozedwe a subtype amagwiritsidwabe ntchito, ngakhale, chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• zonyenga
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kusalankhula bwino (mawu saladi, echolalia)
• zovuta kulingalira
• kuwonongeka kwamakhalidwe (kuwongolera, kuwongolera mtima)
• lathyathyathya zimakhudza

Saladi yamawu ndi chizindikiro chamawu pomwe mawu osasintha amamangiriridwa palimodzi mwanjira zomveka.

Hebephrenic / osasokonezeka schizophrenia

Hebephrenic kapena disneyised schizophrenia imadziwikabe ndi International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Mavuto (ICD-10), ngakhale idachotsedwa mu DSM-5.

Mukusiyanasiyana kwa schizophrenia, munthuyo samakhala ndi malingaliro kapena zinyengo. M'malo mwake, amakhala ndi machitidwe osalongosoka komanso malankhulidwe. Izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• lathyathyathya zimakhudza
• Kusokonezeka kwa malankhulidwe
• kuganiza molakwika
• zosayenera kapena mawonekedwe amaso
• mavuto ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku

Schizophrenia wosadziwika

Schizophrenia wosadziwika anali mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe munthu amawonetsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ingapo ya schizophrenia. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe anali ndi machitidwe a catatonic komanso anali ndi malingaliro olakwika kapena malingaliro, ndi mawu a saladi, atha kupezeka kuti ali ndi schizophrenia yosadziwika.

Ndi njira yatsopano yodziwira, izi zimangotanthauza kwa wodwala kuti pali zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana.

Schizophrenia yotsalira

Izi "subtype" ndizovuta pang'ono. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito munthu akakhala ndi matenda am'mbuyomu koma samakhalanso ndi zizindikiritso za matendawa. Zizindikirozi zimachepa kwambiri.

Zotsalira za schizophrenia nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zizindikilo "zoyipa", monga:

• chofewa chimakhudza
• zovuta zama psychomotor
• kuchepa kulankhula
• ukhondo

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amadutsa munthawi yomwe zizindikiro zawo zimakhuthala ndikuchepera ndikusiyanasiyana pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, dzina ili siligwiritsidwanso ntchito kawirikawiri.

Matenda a Catatonic

Ngakhale kuti catatonic schizophrenia inali gawo laling'ono mu DSM yapitayi, akuti m'mbuyomu catatonia iyenera kukhala yowunikira chabe. Izi ndichifukwa zimachitika m'matenda osiyanasiyana amisala komanso matenda azachipatala.

Nthawi zambiri imadziwonetsera ngati yosayenda, koma imatha kuwoneka ngati:

• kutsanzira khalidwe
• kusokoneza
• mkhalidwe wofanana ndi wopusa

Schizophrenia yaubwana

Schizophrenia yaubwana siyi gawo laling'ono, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza nthawi yodziwitsa. Matendawa mwa ana siachilendo.

Zikachitika, zimakhala zovuta. Matenda a schizophrenia oyambilira amapezeka nthawi zambiri azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 18. Matenda osakwana zaka 13 amawoneka ngati oyambilira kwambiri, ndipo ndi osowa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri ndizofanana ndi zovuta zakukula, monga autism ndi chidwi-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kuchedwa kwa chilankhulo
• mochedwa kapena zachilendo kukwawa kapena kuyenda
• kusuntha kwamagalimoto

Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse zovuta zachitukuko mukamaganizira zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri za schizophrenia.

Zizindikiro mwa ana okalamba komanso achinyamata ndi awa:

• kuchoka pagulu
• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• kusokonekera kwa sukulu
• kupsa mtima
• khalidwe losamvetseka
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Achichepere samakhala ndi chinyengo, koma amakhala ndi malingaliro. Achinyamata akamakula, zizindikiro za schizophrenia monga zomwe zimachitikira achikulire nthawi zambiri zimawonekera.

Ndikofunika kuti katswiri wodziwa bwino azindikire za schizophrenia yaubwana, chifukwa ndizosowa kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vuto lina lililonse, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena vuto lazachipatala.

Chithandizo chikuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi wazamisala wa ana yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso muubwana wokhudzana ndi schizophrenia. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mankhwala monga:

• mankhwala
• mankhwala
• kuphunzitsa maluso
• kuchipatala, ngati kuli kofunikira

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi schizophrenia

Matenda a Schizoaffective

Matenda a Schizoaffective ndi osiyana komanso osiyana ndi schizophrenia, koma nthawi zina amalowetsedwa nawo. Vutoli limakhala ndimatenda amisala komanso kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe.

Psychosis - yomwe imakhudza kusalumikizana ndi zenizeni - nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo. Matenda amisala atha kuphatikizira kukhumudwa kapena kukhumudwa.

Matenda a Schizoaffective amagawidwanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kutengera ngati munthu ali ndi zochitika zokhazokha, kapena ngati ali ndi magawo amisala omwe alibe kapena osadandaula. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• malingaliro openga
• zonyenga kapena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• zovuta kulingalira
• kukhumudwa
• kusakhudzidwa kapena kukwiya
• ukhondo wokha
• kusokonezeka kwa njala
• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• kuchoka pagulu
• kusalinganiza bwino kapena machitidwe

Kuzindikira kumachitika makamaka pofufuza mwakuthupi, kufunsa mafunso, komanso kuwunika matenda amisala. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zamankhwala kapena matenda aliwonse amisala monga matenda amisala. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• mankhwala
• gulu kapena mankhwala payekha
• maphunziro othandiza paumoyo

Zina zokhudzana nazo

Zina zokhudzana ndi schizophrenia ndi izi:

• chisokonezo
• Matenda achidule amisala
• matenda a schizophreniform

Muthanso kukhala ndi psychosis yokhala ndi thanzi zingapo.

Kutenga

Schizophrenia ndizovuta. Sikuti aliyense amene amapezeka kuti ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi zizindikilo kapena mawonekedwe ofanana.

Ngakhale ma subtypes sakupezekanso, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zotsogola kuti zithandizire pakukonzekera zamankhwala. Kumvetsetsa zambiri zama subtypes ndi schizophrenia ambiri kungathandizenso pakuwongolera matenda anu.

Ndi matenda olondola, njira yothandizira yapadera imatha kupangidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lanu lazachipatala.