Matenda a Tourette: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kodi ndizofunikira kuti mwana asiye sukulu?

Matenda a Tourette ndi matenda amanjenje omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu mopupuluma, mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti tics, zomwe zingalepheretse kucheza ndi anthu komanso kuwononga moyo wamunthuyo, chifukwa chamanyazi.

Matenda a Tourette syndrome nthawi zambiri amawoneka pakati pa 5 ndi 7 wazaka, koma amakonda kukulira mwamphamvu pakati pa zaka 8 ndi 12, kuyambira ndikusuntha kosavuta, monga kuphethira maso anu kapena kusuntha manja ndi mikono yanu, yomwe imakulirakulira, mawu obwereza kuwonekera, kusuntha kwadzidzidzi ndikumveka ngati kukuwa, kung'ung'udza, kufuula kapena kutukwana, mwachitsanzo.

Anthu ena amatha kupondereza ma tiki munthawi yamacheza, koma ena zimawavuta kuwongolera, makamaka ngati akukumana ndi nkhawa, zomwe zimatha kukhala zovuta kusukulu ndi moyo wawo waluso. Nthawi zina, ma tiki amatha kusintha komanso kutha atatha msinkhu, koma mwa ena, maulemuwa amatha kusungidwa atakula.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za Tourette's syndrome nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi aphunzitsi, omwe amazindikira kuti mwanayo amayamba kuchita zachilendo mkalasi.

Zina mwa zizindikilozi ndi izi:

Njinga zamoto

• Kuphethira kwa diso;
• Pendeketsani mutu wanu;
• Gwedezani mapewa anu;
• Gwirani mphuno;
• Pangani nkhope;
• Sunthani zala zanu;
• Pangani manja onyansa;
• Kukankha;
• Kugwedeza khosi;
• Gunda pachifuwa.

Zolemba zamatsenga

• Kutukwana;
• Kuthyoka;
• Kuwani;
• Kulavulira;
• Kusuntha;
• Kulira;
• Fuulani;
• Lambulani pakhosi;
• Bwerezani mawu kapena mawu;
• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana.

Zizindikirozi zimawoneka mobwerezabwereza ndipo ndizovuta kuzigwira, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, zimatha kukhala nthabwala zosiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, ma tiki amawoneka ali ana koma amatha kuwonekera koyamba mpaka zaka 21.

Ma Tic amakhalanso osowa pomwe munthuyo akugona, ndikumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena kuchita zinthu zomwe zimafunikira chidwi chachikulu ndikukulira kukumana ndi zovuta, kutopa, nkhawa komanso chisangalalo.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Pofuna kudziwa matendawa, adotolo amayenera kuwona momwe amayendera, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika kangapo patsiku komanso pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa chaka chimodzi.

Palibe mayeso enieni omwe amafunikira kuti adziwe matendawa, koma nthawi zina, katswiri wamaubongo amatha kuyitanitsa kujambula kwa maginito kapena ma tomography, mwachitsanzo, kuti awone ngati zingatheke kuti pangakhale matenda ena amitsempha omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Matenda a Tourette ndi matenda obadwa nawo, omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu am'banja limodzi ndipo sizikudziwika bwinobwino chomwe chimayambitsa. Pali malipoti a munthu yemwe adapezeka atadwala mutu, koma matenda ndi mavuto amtima zimayambanso kubanja lomwelo. Odwala opitilira 40% amakhalanso ndi zizindikiritso zakukakamizidwa kapena kusakhazikika.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Matenda a Tourette alibe mankhwala, koma amatha kuwongolera ndi mankhwala oyenera. Chithandizo chikuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi katswiri wamaubongo ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba pokhapokha ngati zizindikilo za matendawa zimakhudza zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku kapena zimaika moyo wa munthu pangozi. Zikatero, chithandizo chitha kuchitidwa ndi:

• Topiramate: ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuwongolera ma tics ofatsa kapena ochepa, pakakhala kunenepa kwambiri;
• Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic wamba, monga haloperidol kapena pimozide; kapena atypical, monga aripiprazole, ziprasidone kapena risperidone;
• Botox jakisoni: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto oyendetsa galimoto kuti afooketse minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mayendedwe, kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a tics;
• Mankhwala a Adrenergic inhibitor: monga Clonidine kapena Guanfacina, omwe amathandizira kuwongolera zizolowezi monga kupsa mtima ndi mkwiyo, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale pali zithandizo zingapo zomwe zitha kuwonetsedwa pochiza matenda a Tourette's, si milandu yonse yomwe imafunika kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwachidziwikire, nthawi zonse muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa zamaganizidwe kapena zamaganizidwe kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera, chomwe chingaphatikizepo chithandizo chamankhwala okhaokha kapena chithandizo chamakhalidwe, mwachitsanzo.

Kodi ndizofunikira kuti mwana asiye sukulu?

Mwana yemwe amapezeka ndi Tourette's Syndrome sayenera kusiya kuphunzira, chifukwa ali ndi kuthekera konse kophunzira, monga ena onse omwe alibe matendawa. Mwanayo amatha kupitiliza kupita kusukulu yabwinobwino, osafunikira maphunziro apadera, koma wina ayenera kukambirana ndi aphunzitsi, oyang'anira ndi atsogoleri za vuto la thanzi la mwanayo kuti athandizire pakukula kwake m'njira yabwino.

Kudziwitsa aphunzitsi ndi anzawo akusukulu za zidziwitso ndi chithandizo cha matendawa kumathandiza kuti mwanayo amvetsedwe bwino, kupewa kudzipatula komwe kumatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa. Mankhwalawa atha kukhala othandiza kuwongolera ma tiki, koma magawo a psychotherapy nawonso ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo, chifukwa mwanayo amadziwa zavuto lake la thanzi ndipo sangathe kulithetseratu, nthawi zambiri amadzimva kuti ndi wolakwa komanso wosakwanira.