Dongosolo la mtima: Anatomy, physiology ndi matenda

Zamkati

• Anatomy ya dongosolo lamtima
• 1. Mtima
• 2. Mitsempha ndi mitsempha
• Physiology yamachitidwe amtima
• Matenda omwe angachitike

Mitsempha ya mtima ndi yomwe imaphatikizapo mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndipo imayambitsa kubweretsa magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso mpweya wochepa mu ziwalo zonse za thupi, kuwalola kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera.

Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri m'dongosolo lino ndikubwezeretsa magazi m'thupi lonse, lomwe lili ndi mpweya wocheperako ndipo limafunikira kudutsa m'mapapu kuti apange mpweya wosinthanitsa.

Anatomy ya dongosolo lamtima

Zigawo zazikulu za mtima wamtima ndi:

1. Mtima

Mtima ndiye chiwalo chachikulu cha mtima wamitsempha ndipo chimadziwika ndi minofu yopanda pake, yomwe ili pakatikati pa chifuwa, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati pampu. Idagawika m'zipinda zinayi:

• Atria awiri: komwe magazi amafika pamtima kuchokera m'mapapu kudzera pa atrium yakumanzere kapena kuchokera mthupi kudutsa atrium yoyenera;
• Ma ventricles awiri: apa ndi pomwe magazi amapita kumapapu kapena thupi lonse.

Mbali yakumanja ya mtima imalandira magazi okhala ndi carbon dioxide yambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti magazi a venous, ndipo imapita nayo kumapapu, komwe imalandira mpweya wabwino. Kuchokera m'mapapu, magazi amayenda kupita kumanzere kumanzere ndikuchoka kumanzere kumanzere, kuchokera komwe aorta imatulukira, yomwe imanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi mthupi lonse.

2. Mitsempha ndi mitsempha

Kuzungulira mthupi lonse, magazi amayenda m'mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imatha kudziwika ngati:

• Mitsempha: ndi olimba komanso osinthasintha chifukwa amafunika kunyamula magazi kuchokera mumtima ndikupirira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kukhazikika kwake kumathandizira kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi pakumenya kwa mtima;
• Mitsempha yaying'ono ndi ma arterioles: okhala ndi makoma aminyama omwe amasintha m'mimba mwake kuti achulukitse kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'dera linalake;
• Ma Capillaries: ndi timitsempha tating'ono ta magazi ndi makoma owonda kwambiri, omwe amakhala ngati milatho pakati pamitsempha. Izi zimalola mpweya ndi michere kudutsa m'magazi kupita ku minyewa ndi zinyalala zamagetsi kuti zichoke m'matumba kupita kumwazi;
• Mitsempha: amanyamula magazi kubwerera kumtima ndipo nthawi zambiri samakakamizidwa kwambiri, ndipo safunika kusinthasintha ngati mitsempha.

Kugwira ntchito konse kwa mtima wamitsempha kumadalira kugunda kwa mtima, komwe ma atria ndi ma ventricles amtima amasangalala ndikumangika, ndikupanga kuzungulira komwe kumatsimikizira kufalikira konse kwa chamoyo.

Physiology yamachitidwe amtima

Dongosolo la mtima limatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: kufalitsa kwa m'mapapo (kutuluka pang'ono), komwe kumachotsa magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita m'mapapu komanso kuchokera m'mapapu kupita kumtima ndi kufalikira kwadongosolo (kozungulira kwakukulu), komwe kumatenga magazi kuchokera mtima kumatumba onse m'thupi kudzera pamitsempha ya aorta.

Physiology ya dongosolo la mtima imaphatikizidwanso magawo angapo, monga:

1. Magazi ochokera m'thupi, mpweya wochepa komanso mpweya wabwino, amayenda kudzera mu vena cava kupita ku atrium yoyenera;
2. Mukadzaza, atrium yoyenera imatumiza magazi ku ventricle yoyenera;
3. Vuto lamitsempha lamanja likadzaza, limapopa magazi kupyola mu valavu yamapapo kupita kumitsempha yam'mapapo, yomwe imapereka mapapu;
4. Magazi amayenda kupita ku capillaries m'mapapu, kuyamwa mpweya ndikuchotsa carbon dioxide;
5. Mwazi wokhala ndi oxygen umayenda kudzera m'mitsempha yam'mapapo kupita kumanzere kumanzere mumtima;
6. Mukadzaza, atrium yakumanzere imatumiza magazi olemera okosijeni ku ventricle yakumanzere;
7. Vuto lamanzere likadzaza, limapopa magazi kudzera pa valavu ya aortic kupita ku aorta;

Pomaliza, magazi olemera okosijeni amathirira chamoyo chonsecho, ndikupatsa mphamvu zofunikira kuti ziwalo zonse zizigwira ntchito.

Matenda omwe angachitike

Pali matenda angapo omwe angakhudze mtima wamtima. Chofala kwambiri ndi ichi:

• Matenda amtima: kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosowa magazi mumtima, komwe kumatha kubweretsa imfa. Dziwani zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a mtima.
• Mtima arrhythmia: amadziwika ndi kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka, komwe kumatha kupweteketsa mtima komanso kupuma movutikira. Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli komanso momwe mungadziwire.
• Kulephera kwamtima: amawoneka pomwe mtima sungathe kupopa magazi okwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi, ndikupangitsa kupuma movutikira ndi kutupa m'minyewa;
• Matenda amtima obadwa nawo: ndizopunduka kwa mtima zomwe zimakhalapo pobadwa, ngati mtima ukudandaula;
• Matenda a mtima: ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kupindika kwa minofu yamtima;
• Valvulopathy: ndi seti ya matenda omwe amakhudza iliyonse yamankhwala 4 omwe amayendetsa magazi mumtima.
• Sitiroko: Amayamba chifukwa cha mitsempha yotseka kapena yotuluka muubongo. Kuphatikiza apo, sitiroko imatha kubweretsa kutayika kwa mayendedwe, mayankhulidwe ndi masomphenya.

Matenda a mtima, makamaka matenda amtima ndi sitiroko, ndi omwe amayambitsa kufa padziko lonse lapansi. Kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala kwathandiza kuchepetsa manambalawa, koma chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chimakhalabe choteteza. Onani zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze kupwetekedwa m'malangizo 7 kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima komanso kupwetekedwa.