Mlembi: Randy Alexander
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 25 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 14 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Sulindac, Piritsi Yamlomo - Thanzi
Sulindac, Piritsi Yamlomo - Thanzi

Zamkati

Mfundo zazikulu za sulindac

  1. Sulindac piritsi yamlomo imapezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Ilibe mtundu wazolemba.
  2. Sulindac imangobwera ngati piritsi lomwe mumamwa.
  3. Sulindac imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ingapo ya nyamakazi, kupweteka paphewa, ndi ankylosing spondylitis.

Machenjezo ofunikira

Machenjezo a FDA

  • Mankhwalawa ali ndi machenjezo a bokosi lakuda. Awa ndi machenjezo ovuta kwambiri ochokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Machenjezo akuda akuchenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
  • Chenjezo la zochitika pamtima wowopsa: Sulindac sichikulimbikitsidwa ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima kapena zoopsa za matenda a mtima, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ikhoza kukulitsa chiopsezo chanu chamagulu am'magazi, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko, zomwe zitha kupha (kupha). Chiwopsezo chanu chikhoza kukhala chachikulu ngati mutenga sulindac pamlingo waukulu kapena kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto amtima ngakhale mulibe zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima. Simuyenera kutenga sulindac ngati mungakhale ndi mitsempha yodutsitsa opaleshoni ya kumtunda. Chiwopsezo chanu chodwala matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko chitha kukulirakulira mukatenga sulindac kuti muzitha kupweteka musanachitike kapena mutatha opaleshoni. Komanso, pewani kumwa sulindac mutadwala matenda amtima pokhapokha wothandizira zaumoyo wanu atakuwuzani.
  • Chenjezo la mavuto m'mimba: Kutenga sulindac kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotaya magazi m'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, kapena timabowo tating'ono m'makina am'mimba, omwe amatha kupha. Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse popanda zisonyezo. Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati mwadutsa zaka 65.

Machenjezo ena

Kodi sulindac ndi chiyani?

Sulindac ndi mankhwala akuchipatala. Zimabwera ngati piritsi lokamwa.


Sulindac imapezeka kokha ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Mankhwala achibadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yamaina.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Sulindac amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu ndi kufiira, kutupa, ndi kutupa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyamakazi, ankylosing spondylitis, ndi kupweteka kwakanthawi kwamapewa. Sulindac amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

  • nyamakazi
  • nyamakazi
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • zizindikiro zoyipa za gout
  • kupweteka kwambiri paphewa

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Sulindac ali mgulu la mankhwala omwe amatchedwa nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). NSAID zimathandiza kuchepetsa ululu, kutupa, ndi malungo.

Sizikudziwika momwe sulindac imagwirira ntchito kuti ichepetse ululu. Zingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa pochepetsa ma prostaglandin, mankhwala ofanana ndi mahomoni omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kutupa.

Zotsatira za Sulindac

Sulindac piritsi la pakamwa silimayambitsa kugona, koma limatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimatha kuchitika ndi sulindac ndi monga:


  • kupweteka m'mimba
  • kutentha pa chifuwa
  • nseru
  • kutsegula m'mimba
  • kudzimbidwa
  • zidzolo
  • chizungulire
  • mutu

Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa, zimatha kutha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osapita, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi vuto lachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

  • Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena matenda amtima. Zizindikiro za matenda amtima zitha kuphatikiza:
    • kupweteka pachifuwa
    • kufinya pachifuwa
    • thukuta
    • kupuma movutikira
    • kutentha pa chifuwa / kudzimbidwa
    • kupweteka kwa mkono
    • kutopa
    • Sitiroko. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
      • kufooka mu gawo limodzi kapena mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu
      • mawu osalankhula
    • Kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • Kutupa m'manja ndi miyendo, manja ndi mapazi, nkhope, kapena pakhosi
    • Kutuluka m'mimba ndi zilonda. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
      • kusanza magazi
      • mipando yamagazi
      • mipando yakuda komanso yomata
    • Khungu zochita. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
      • zidzolo
      • matuza
    • Thupi lawo siligwirizana, monga kuyabwa
    • Mavuto a chiwindi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
      • chikasu cha khungu lako kapena kuyera kwa maso ako
    • Matenda a mphumu. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
      • kupuma movutikira
      • kuvuta kupuma

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zimaphatikizaponso zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse muzikambirana mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi othandizira azaumoyo omwe amadziwa mbiri yanu yazachipatala.


Sulindac atha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena

Sulindac piritsi yamlomo imatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mwina mukumwa. Kulumikizana ndi pamene chinthu chimasintha momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zowononga kapena kuletsa mankhwalawa kuti asagwire ntchito bwino.

Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana, dokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mankhwala anu onse mosamala. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mukumwa. Kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawa angagwirizane ndi china chake chomwe mumatenga, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse kulumikizana ndi sulindac alembedwa pansipa.

Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs)

Sulindac ndi NSAID. Kuphatikizana ndi ma NSAID ena kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotaya magazi m'mimba ndi zilonda. Zitsanzo za ma NSAID ena ndi awa:

  • aspirin
  • ibuprofen
  • naproxen
  • diclofenac
  • indomethacin
  • meloxicam
  • ketorolac
  • ketoprofen

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kutenga sulindac ndi mankhwalawa kumatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

  • angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) zoletsa monga:
    • chikodil
    • kapita
    • kutchilimy
    • angiotensin receptor blockers monga:
      • alirezatalischi
      • alireza
      • kondwani
    • okodzetsa monga:
      • alireza
      • hydrochlorothiazide

Maantibayotiki

Kutenga sulindac ndi maanticoagulants kumawonjezera ngozi yanu yotuluka magazi. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

  • warfarin
  • alireza
  • mankhwala a Rivaroxaban
  • edoxaban

Bipolar matenda osokoneza bongo

Kutenga lifiyamu Ndi sulindac imatha kukulitsa ma lithiamu mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zoopsa. Dokotala wanu amatha kuwunika ma lithiamu anu mukamamwa mankhwalawa limodzi.

Thirani mankhwala

Kutenga cyclosporine ndi sulindac imachulukitsa milingo ya cyclosporine mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zoopsa. Dokotala wanu amatha kuwunika kuchuluka kwanu kwa cyclosporine ngati mungamwe mankhwalawa limodzi.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizira kulumikizana kulikonse kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Machenjezo a Sulindac

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi machenjezo angapo.

Chenjezo la ziwengo

Sulindac angayambitse thupi lawo siligwirizana. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

  • kuvuta kupuma
  • kutupa kwa nkhope kapena kukhosi kwanu

Mukakhala ndi zizindikilozi, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi.

Musatengerenso mankhwalawa ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto linalake. Kutenganso kumatha kukhala koopsa (kuyambitsa imfa).

Chenjezo logwirizana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa

Kumwa mowa ndikumwa sulindac kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotaya magazi m'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba.

Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi: Sulindac itha kukupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kukukula. Onetsetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi musanayambe komanso mutamwa sulindac.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba kapena kutuluka m'mimba: Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa chiopsezo chanu chakutuluka m'mimba ngati muli ndi zilonda zam'mimba kapena kutuluka m'mimba.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima: Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa kusungira kwamadzi, komwe kumakhala vuto la matenda amtima. Yang'anirani zizindikiro zakusungidwa kwamadzimadzi mukamamwa sulindac ngati mumakonda kusunga madzi kapena mukulephera mtima.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu: Simuyenera kumwa sulindac ngati muli ndi mbiri ya mphumu, ming'oma, kapena zosavomerezeka mukalandira aspirin kapena mankhwala ena osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (NSAIDs). Mutha kukumana ndi zomwezo ndi mankhwalawa, omwe atha kukhala owopsa.

Machenjezo kwa magulu ena

Kwa amayi apakati: Sulindac ndi gulu C la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:

  1. Kafukufuku wazinyama awonetsa zovuta kwa mwana wosabadwa mayi atamwa mankhwalawo.
  2. Sipanakhale maphunziro okwanira omwe adachitika mwa anthu kuti atsimikizire momwe mankhwalawo angakhudzire mwana wosabadwayo.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati. Sulindac iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati pokhapokha phindu lomwe lingakhalepo lingabweretse chiopsezo.

Mukakhala ndi pakati mukamamwa mankhwalawa, itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa: Sidziwika ngati sulindac imadutsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Ngati zingatero ndipo mukuyamwitsa, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zotsatirazi. Inu ndi dokotala mungasankhe ngati mungamwe sulindac kapena kuyamwitsa.

Kwa okalamba: Ngati ndinu wamkulu kuposa zaka 65, thupi lanu limatha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kuti mankhwala ochulukirapo asakule mthupi lanu. Mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri m'thupi lanu akhoza kukhala owopsa.

Kwa ana: Sizinakhazikitsidwe kuti sulindac ndiotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Momwe mungatenge sulindac

Mlingo wodziwa izi ndi wa piritsi la sulindac. Mlingo ndi mafomu onse omwe sangakhale nawo sangaphatikizidwe pano. Mlingo wanu, mawonekedwe anu, komanso kuti mumatenga kangati zimadalira:

  • zaka zanu
  • matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa
  • momwe matenda anu alili
  • Matenda ena omwe muli nawo
  • momwe mumachitira ndi mankhwala oyamba

Fomu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu

Zowonjezera: Sulindac

  • Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo
  • Mphamvu: 150 mg, 200 mg

Mlingo wa osteoarthritis

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mlingo wodziwika: 150 mg amatengedwa kawiri patsiku muyezo wogawana (kwa 300 mg patsiku).

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wachikulire wabwinobwino ungapangitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kukhala apamwamba kuposa masiku onse. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, mungafunike mlingo wocheperako kapena mungafune dongosolo lina la mankhwala.

Mlingo wa nyamakazi ya nyamakazi

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mlingo wodziwika: 150 mg amatengedwa kawiri patsiku muyezo wogawana (kwa 300 mg patsiku).

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wachikulire wabwinobwino ungapangitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kukhala apamwamba kuposa masiku onse. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, mungafunike mlingo wocheperako kapena mungafune dongosolo lina la mankhwala.

Mlingo wa ankylosing spondylitis

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mlingo wodziwika: 150 mg amatengedwa kawiri patsiku muyezo wogawana (kwa 300 mg patsiku).

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wachikulire wabwinobwino ungapangitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kukhala apamwamba kuposa masiku onse. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, mungafunike mlingo wocheperako kapena mungafune dongosolo lina la mankhwala.

Mlingo wowawa wam'mapewa

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mlingo wodziwika: 200 mg amatengedwa kawiri patsiku muyezo wogawana (kwa 400 mg patsiku). Therapy nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 7 mpaka 14.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wachikulire wabwinobwino ungapangitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kukhala apamwamba kuposa masiku onse. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, mungafunike mlingo wocheperako kapena mungafune dongosolo lina la mankhwala.

Mlingo wa pachimake gouty nyamakazi

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mlingo wodziwika: 200 mg amatengedwa kawiri patsiku muyezo wogawana (kwa 400 mg patsiku). Therapy zambiri kumatenga masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mlingo wa ana ochepera zaka 18 sunakhazikitsidwe.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wabwinobwino wachikulire ungapangitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kukhala apamwamba kuposa zachilendo. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, mungafunike mlingo wocheperako kapena mungafune dongosolo lina la mankhwala.

Maganizo apadera

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi: Matenda a chiwindi atha kukupangitsani kukhala kovuta kuchotsa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mankhwala azikhala okwera kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, mlingo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku ukhoza kuchepetsedwa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso: Matenda a impso atha kukupangitsani kukhala kovuta kuchotsa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu. Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso, mlingo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku ukhoza kutsika.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti mndandandawu umaphatikizira miyezo yonse yotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mlingo woyenera kwa inu.

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Sulindac piritsi yamlomo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwakanthawi kochepa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ululu wam'mape kapena nyamakazi ya gouty. Kungakhale mankhwala a nthawi yayitali akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osteoarthritis, nyamakazi, kapena ankylosing spondylitis.

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi zoopsa ngati simutenga monga adanenera dokotala.

Mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa kapena osamwa konse: Mutha kumva ululu wambiri chifukwa cha matenda anu.

Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake: Mankhwala anu mwina sagwira ntchito kapena akhoza kusiya kugwira ntchito kwathunthu. Kuti mankhwalawa agwire bwino ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala mthupi lanu nthawi zonse.

Ngati mutenga zochuluka kwambiri: Mutha kukhala ndimankhwala owopsa mthupi lanu. Zizindikiro za bongo za mankhwalawa zingaphatikizepo:

  • nseru
  • kusanza
  • chizungulire
  • chimbudzi chakuda kapena chamagazi
  • kutsokomola magazi

Nthawi zambiri, kumwa kwambiri mankhwalawa kumatha kubweretsa imfa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwamwa kwambiri mankhwalawa, itanani dokotala wanu kapena funsani malangizo kuchokera ku American Association of Poison Control Center ku 1-800-222-1222 kapena kudzera pa chida chawo pa intaneti. Koma ngati matenda anu akukulira, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi pomwepo.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo: Ngati mwaphonya mlingo ndipo zadutsa maola ochepa mpaka mulingo wanu wotsatira, mutengereni momwe mungathere. Ngati kwangotsala maola ochepa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, tulukani mlingowo ndikutenga lotsatira pa nthawi yanthawi zonse.

Osayesa konse kutenga mwa kumwa miyezo iwiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito: Muyenera kukhala ndi zowawa zochepa pamatenda anu.

Zofunikira pakumwa sulindac

Kumbukirani izi ngati dokotala akukulemberani sulindac.

Zonse

  • Tengani mankhwalawa ndi chakudya kuti muchepetse mkwiyo ndikuwonongeka.
  • Mutha kudula kapena kuphwanya mapiritsi am'kamwa.

Yosungirako

  • Sungani mankhwalawa kutentha kwapakati pakati pa 68 ° F ndi 77 ° F (20 ° C ndi 25 ° C).
  • Osazizira mankhwalawa.
  • Sungani mankhwalawa kutali ndi kuwala.
  • Musasunge mankhwalawa m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa, monga mabafa.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuyenda

Mukamayenda ndi mankhwala anu:

  • Nthawi zonse muzinyamula mankhwala anu. Mukamauluka, musayikenso m'thumba lofufuzidwa. Sungani m'thumba lanu.
  • Osadandaula za makina a X-ray pabwalo la ndege. Sangathe kuvulaza mankhwala anu.
  • Mungafunike kuwonetsa ogwira ntchito ku eyapoti chizindikiro cha mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muzinyamula chidebe choyambirira cholembedwa ndi mankhwala.
  • Musayike mankhwalawa m'galimoto yamagolovu amgalimoto yanu kapena siyani m'galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti musachite izi nyengo ikatentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Ngati mutenga sulindac kwa nthawi yayitali, dokotala wanu amatha kuyesa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone impso ndi chiwindi.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kukuyang'anirani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zotuluka m'mimba, monga:

  • kusanza magazi
  • mipando yamagazi
  • mipando yakuda komanso yomata

Kupezeka

Osati mankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa. Mukadzaza mankhwala anu, onetsetsani kuti mwayitanitsa patsogolo kuti mutsimikizire kuti mankhwala omwe muli nawo ali nawo.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kuti athetse vuto lanu. Ena akhoza kukuyenererani kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena omwe angakuthandizeni.

Chodzikanira: Healthaline yayesetsa kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zonse zikhale zolondola, zokwanira, komanso zaposachedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.

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