Zizindikiro za HIV mwa Amuna

Zamkati

• Matenda oopsa
• Zizindikiro zenizeni kwa amuna
• Nthawi yopanda tanthauzo
• Matenda apamwamba
• Momwe kachilombo ka HIV kamapitilira
• Kodi HIV ndi yofala motani?
• Chitani kanthu ndikuyesedwa
• Kuteteza ku HIV
• Maganizo a amuna omwe ali ndi HIV
• Funso:
• Yankho:

Chidule

• matenda oopsa
• nthawi yopanda zizindikiro
• Matenda apamwamba

Matenda oopsa

Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe amatenga kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi zizindikiro ngati chimfine mkati mwa milungu iwiri kapena inayi. Izi matenda ngati chimfine amadziwika kuti pachimake kachilombo HIV. Matenda oyambilira a HIV ndiye gawo loyamba la HIV ndipo amakhala mpaka thupi litapanga ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za gawo lino la HIV ndi izi:

• totupa thupi
• malungo
• chikhure
• mutu wopweteka kwambiri

Zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zingaphatikizepo zimaphatikizapo:

• kutopa
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa
• Zilonda mkamwa kapena kumaliseche
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kupweteka pamodzi
• nseru ndi kusanza
• thukuta usiku

Zizindikiro zimatha sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Aliyense amene ali ndi zodabwitsazi ndipo akuganiza kuti atenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kulingalira zopanga nthawi yoti apite kukayezetsa magazi.

Zizindikiro zenizeni kwa amuna

Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana mwa amayi ndi abambo. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha HIV chomwe chimadziwika ndi amuna ndi chilonda cha mbolo. HIV imatha kubweretsa hypogonadism, kapena kuperewera kwama mahomoni ogonana, kaya ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Komabe, zotsatira za hypogonadism pa amuna ndizosavuta kuziwona kuposa zomwe zimakhudza amayi. Zizindikiro za testosterone yotsika, gawo limodzi la hypogonadism, imatha kuphatikizira kuwonongeka kwa erectile (ED).

Nthawi yopanda tanthauzo

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikatha, kachilombo ka HIV sikangayambitsenso zizindikiro zina kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Munthawi imeneyi, kachilomboka kamabwereza ndipo kamayamba kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi. Munthu pakadali pano samva kapena kuwoneka wodwala, koma kachilomboko kakugwirabe ntchito. Atha kupatsira ena kachilomboka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyesa msanga, ngakhale kwa iwo omwe akumva bwino, ndikofunikira.

Matenda apamwamba

Zitha kutenga nthawi, koma kachilombo ka HIV pamapeto pake kakhoza kuwononga chitetezo cha munthu. Izi zikachitika, kachilombo ka HIV kadzakula mpaka gawo lachitatu la HIV, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa Edzi. Edzi ndiye gawo lomaliza la matendawa. Munthu pakadali pano ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chowonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti atenge matenda opatsirana. Matenda opatsirana ndi zinthu zomwe thupi limatha kuzimenya, koma zitha kuvulaza anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri amadwala chimfine, chimfine, ndi matenda a mafangasi. Akhozanso kukumana ndi izi:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsekula m'mimba kosalekeza
• kutopa kwambiri
• kuwonda msanga
• chifuwa ndi mpweya wochepa
• kutentha thupi, kuzizira, ndi thukuta usiku
• zotupa, zilonda, kapena zotupa mkamwa kapena mphuno, kumaliseche, kapena pansi pa khungu
• Kutupa kwakanthawi kwamatenda am'mphuno, kubuula, kapena khosi
• kuiwalika, kusokonezeka, kapena matenda amitsempha

Momwe kachilombo ka HIV kamapitilira

HIV ikamapita, imapha ndikuwononga ma CD4 okwanira omwe thupi silingathenso kulimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda. Izi zikachitika, zimatha kubweretsa gawo lachitatu la HIV. Nthawi yomwe HIV imafikira kuti ifike pofika pano imatha kukhala miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adzapitilira gawo la 3. HIV imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi mankhwala otchedwa antiretroviral therapy. Kuphatikiza kwamankhwala nthawi zina kumatchedwanso kuphatikiza ma antiretroviral therapy (ngolo) kapena mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya ma ARV (HAART). Mankhwala amtunduwu amatha kuteteza kuti kachilomboka kasayambiranso. Ngakhale zimatha kuletsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndikusintha moyo, chithandizo chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri mukayamba msanga.

Kodi HIV ndi yofala motani?

Malinga ndi a, anthu aku America pafupifupi 1.1 miliyoni ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mu 2016, kuchuluka kwa omwe adapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku United States kunali 39,782. Pafupifupi 81% mwa omwe adapezeka ndi omwe anali azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi kupitilira apo. HIV imatha kukhudza anthu amtundu uliwonse, amuna kapena akazi kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kachilomboka kamadutsa kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera pamagazi, umuna, kapena madzi amadzi omwe amakhala ndi kachilomboka. Kugonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV koma osagwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumakulitsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Chitani kanthu ndikuyesedwa

Anthu omwe amagonana kapena amagawana masingano ayenera kulingalira zopempha omwe amawapatsa zaumoyo kuti akayezetse HIV, makamaka akawona zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pano. Awa amalimbikitsa kuyesa chaka chilichonse kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amagonana komanso amakhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo, komanso anthu omwe agonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Kuyezetsa ndikofulumira komanso kosavuta ndipo kumangofunika zitsanzo zochepa zamagazi. Zipatala zambiri zamankhwala, malo azachipatala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimapereka mayeso a HIV. Chida choyesera kachilombo ka HIV, monga OraQuick In-Home Test HIV, chitha kuitanitsidwa pa intaneti. Mayesero apanyumbawa safuna kutumiza zitsanzo ku labu. Kusintha kwapakamwa kosavuta kumapereka zotsatira mu mphindi 20 mpaka 40.

Kuteteza ku HIV

Akuti ku United States pofika mu 2015, anthu 15 mwa anthu 100 alionse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sakudziwa kuti ali nawo. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwawonjezeka, pomwe kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV pachaka sikunakhazikike. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikilo za kachirombo ka HIV ndikuyezetsa ngati kuli kotheka kuti watenga kachilomboka. Kupewa kupezeka kumadzi amthupi omwe atenga kachilomboka ndi njira imodzi yodzitetezera. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV:

• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu pogonana ndi nyini. Pogwiritsira ntchito makondomu moyenera, amateteza kwambiri ku kachirombo ka HIV.
• Pewani mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Yesetsani kugawana kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito singano. Mizinda yambiri ili ndi mapulogalamu osinthana ndi singano omwe amapereka singano zosabereka.
• Samalani. Nthawi zonse lingalirani kuti magazi atha kukhala opatsirana. Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi a latex ndi zopinga zina kuti mutetezeke.
• Kayezetseni HIV. Kuyezetsa magazi ndiye njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati kachilombo ka HIV kapatsidwa kapena ayi. Omwe akayezetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kulandira chithandizo chomwe angafunikire komanso kutenga njira zochepetsera kufala kwa HIV kwa ena.

Maganizo a amuna omwe ali ndi HIV

Palibe mankhwala a HIV. Komabe, kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu komanso kuchipatala kumachedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndikusintha moyo wabwino. Pazinthu zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha HIV ku United States, pitani ku AIDSinfo. Kafukufuku wa 2013 adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi ngati angayambe kulandira chithandizo chitetezo cha mthupi chisanawonongeke kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wochokera ku National Institutes of Health (NIH) adapeza kuti chithandizo choyambirira chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti achepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachiromboka kwa anzawo. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti kutsatira mankhwala, monga kuti kachilomboka sikungawonekere m'magazi, kumapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kupatsirana HIV ndi mnzake.Prevention Access Campaign, yothandizidwa ndi CDC, yalimbikitsa izi kudzera muntchito yawo ya Undetectable = Yosasunthika (U = U).

Funso:

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Yankho:

Malinga ndi malangizo ochokera kwa, aliyense wazaka zapakati pa 13 mpaka 64 ayenera kuyezetsa magazi mwaufulu ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chifukwa mungayesedwe ngati ali ndi matenda. Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mwapezeka ndi matendawa, muyenera kukaonana ndi omwe amakuthandizani nthawi yomweyo. Akayesedwa, HIV.gov akuti anthu 97 pa 100 aliwonse adzapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV pasanathe miyezi itatu atawonekera. A Mark R. LaFlamme, a MDAma mayankho akuimira malingaliro a akatswiri athu azachipatala. Zonse zomwe zili ndizachidziwikire ndipo siziyenera kuonedwa ngati upangiri wa zamankhwala.Werengani nkhaniyi m'Chisipanishi.