Mycotoxins Nthano: Zowona Zokhudza Nkhungu mu Khofi

Zamkati

• Kodi Mycotoxins ndi Chiyani?
• Mtengo Wochepa Wa Nkhungu ndi Mycotoxins Amapezeka mu nyemba zina za khofi
• Olima Khofi Amagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zapadera kuti Mycotoxin Yanu Isachepe
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Ngakhale adakhalapo ndi ziwanda m'mbuyomu, khofi ndi wathanzi kwambiri.

Amadzaza ndi ma antioxidants, ndipo kafukufuku wambiri amawona kuti kumwa khofi pafupipafupi kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda akulu. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti omwe amamwa khofi atha kukhala ndi moyo wautali.

Komabe, pakhala pali mawu okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa - otchedwa mycotoxins - mu khofi.

Ena amati khofi wambiri pamsika ali ndi poizoni, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti muwoneke ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda.

Nkhaniyi ikuwunikanso ngati mycotoxin mu khofi ndichinthu chomwe muyenera kuda nkhawa nacho.

Kodi Mycotoxins ndi Chiyani?

Mycotoxins amapangidwa ndi nkhungu - bowa tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamera pazomera monga mbewu ndi nyemba za khofi ngati zasungidwa molakwika ().

Poizoniyu amatha kuyambitsa poyizoni mukamwa kwambiri ().

Zitha kuchititsanso mavuto azaumoyo ndipo ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa nyumba, komwe kumatha kukhala vuto munyumba zakale, zachinyezi, komanso zopanda mpweya wabwino ().

Mankhwala ena opangidwa ndi nkhungu amatha kukhudza thanzi lanu ndipo ena akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Izi zimaphatikizapo maantibayotiki a penicillin, komanso ergotamine, mankhwala oletsa migraine omwe atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga hallucinogen LSD.

Mitundu yambiri ya mycotoxins ilipo, koma yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi khofi ndi aflatoxin B1 ndi ochratoxin A.

Aflatoxin B1 ndi khansa yodziwika ndipo yawonetsedwa kukhala ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana. Ochratoxin A sanaphunzire kwambiri, koma amakhulupirira kuti ndi khansa yofooka ndipo imatha kuvulaza ubongo ndi impso (3,).

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mumapezeka pafupipafupi pazinthu zovulaza, chifukwa chake mycotoxins siosiyana ndi izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma mycotoxins amachotsedwa ndi chiwindi chanu ndipo samadziunjikira mthupi lanu bola kuwonekera kwanu kukhale kotsika.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko osachepera 100 padziko lonse lapansi amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa - ngakhale ena ali ndi miyezo yokhwima kuposa ena ().

Mycotoxins ndi mankhwala oopsa opangidwa ndi nkhungu - bowa ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe.Nkhungu ndi mycotoxins zimatha kupezeka mu mbewu monga mbewu ndi nyemba za khofi.

Mtengo Wochepa Wa Nkhungu ndi Mycotoxins Amapezeka mu nyemba zina za khofi

Kafukufuku wambiri apeza milingo yanga yambiri ya mycotoxin mu nyemba za khofi - zonse zokazinga ndi zosazinga - komanso khofi wofululidwa:

• 33% yazitsanzo za nyemba zobiriwira zobiriwira zochokera ku Brazil zinali ndi ocheperatoxin A ().
• 45% ya zakumwa za khofi kuchokera ku nyemba za khofi zomwe zimapezeka mumalonda zili ndi ochratoxin A ().
• Aflatoxins apezeka mu nyemba za khofi wobiriwira, zomwe zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri mu nyemba zouma. Kukuwotcha kunachepetsa milingo ndi 42-55% (8).
• 27% ya khofi wowotcha munali ochratoxin A, koma zochuluka kwambiri zimapezeka mu chili ().

Chifukwa chake, umboni ukuwonetsa kuti ma mycotoxins amapezeka mu nyemba zambiri za khofi ndikupanga chakumwa chomaliza.

Komabe, milingo yawo ili pansi kwambiri pamalire achitetezo.

Ndizomveka kuti mwina simungakonde lingaliro lakumwa poizoni pazakudya zanu kapena zakumwa zanu. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti poizoni - kuphatikiza ma mycotoxins - ali paliponse, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kuzipewa kwathunthu.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazakudya zitha kuipitsidwa ndi mycotoxins, ndipo pafupifupi magazi amunthu aliyense atha kuyesedwa ndi ochratoxin A. Yapezekanso mkaka wa m'mawere wa anthu (,).

Zakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa - koma zovomerezeka - kuchuluka kwa ma mycotoxin, monga mbewu, zoumba, mowa, vinyo, chokoleti chakuda, ndi batala wa mandimu (,).

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutha kumwa ndikuwononga poizoni wosiyanasiyana tsiku lililonse, simuyenera kukhudzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwawo kuli kochepa.

Zonena kuti ma mycotoxin amakhala ndi vuto lakumva kuwawa kwa khofi nawonso siolondola. Kuchuluka kwa ma tannins mu khofi kumatsimikizira kuwawa kwake - umboni wosonyeza kuti ma mycotoxins alibe chochita nawo akusowa.

Kugula zinthu zabwino kwambiri - kaya ndi khofi kapena zakudya zina - ndibwino, koma kulipira zowonjezera nyemba za khofi wopanda mycotoxin mwina ndikungowononga ndalama.

Tsatani kuchuluka kwa ma mycotoxins apezeka mu nyemba za khofi, koma ndalamazo ndizotsika kwambiri pamalire achitetezo ndipo ndizotsika kwambiri kuti zikhale zofunikira kwenikweni.

Olima Khofi Amagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zapadera kuti Mycotoxin Yanu Isachepe

Nkhungu ndi mycotoxins mu zakudya sizatsopano.

Ndi mavuto odziwika bwino, ndipo alimi a khofi apeza njira zabwino zothetsera mavutowa.

Njira yofunika kwambiri imatchedwa kusinthitsa madzi, komwe kumachotsa nkhungu zambiri ndi mycotoxin (14).

Kuwotcha nyemba kumapheranso nkhungu zomwe zimatulutsa ma mycotoxin. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, kuwotcha kumatha kuchepetsa ochratoxin A milingo ndi 69-96% ().

Makhalidwe a khofi amawerengedwa molingana ndi dongosolo, ndipo kupezeka kwa nkhungu kapena mycotoxins kumachepetsa kwambiri mphothoyi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zimatayidwa ngati zidapitilira mulingo winawake.

Ngakhale ma khofi otsika kwambiri amakhala ndi milingo yocheperako poyerekeza ndi chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira ndipo ali pansi kwambiri pa omwe awonetsedwa kuti avulaza.

Pakafukufuku waku Spain, kuchuluka kwa ochratoxin Kudziwonetsa mwa akulu kumangoti ndi 3% yokha pamlingo wambiri womwe akuwoneka kuti ndiwotetezeka ndi European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ().

Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti makapu anayi a khofi tsiku lililonse amapereka 2% yokha ya ochratoxin A kuwonetseredwa komwe kumatetezedwa ndi Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) (17).

Khofi wa decaf amakonda kukhala wapamwamba mu mycotoxins, chifukwa caffeine imalepheretsa kukula kwa nkhungu. Kofi ya Instant imakhalanso ndi milingo yokwera. Komabe, milingoyo ndiyotsikirako kwambiri kuti ingakhale yovuta ().

Omwe amapanga khofi amadziwa bwino za vuto la mycotoxin ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira ngati kukonzetsa konyowa kuti achepetse kwambiri magulu amtunduwu.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Ma mycotoxins amapezeka pang'ono pang'ono muzakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza khofi.

Komabe, milingo yawo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi opanga komanso oyang'anira chitetezo cha chakudya. Miyezo yachitetezo ikapitilizidwa, zakudya zimakumbukiridwa kapena kutayidwa.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti maubwino a khofi akadali ochulukirapo kuposa zoyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, umboni wosonyeza kuti kutsika kwaposachedwa kwa mycotoxin ndikovulaza sikusowa.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu, ingomwani mtundu wa khofi, khofi wa khofi ndikusunga pamalo ouma, ozizira.

Ndibwinonso kupewa kuwonjezera shuga kapena zonona zolemera kuti khofi wanu akhale wathanzi momwe angathere.