Kodi Mungasankhe Chithandizo Chotani cha Khansa ya m'mawere?

Zamkati

• Thandizo la mahomoni
• Mankhwala oyenera
• Chemotherapy
• Mafunde
• Opaleshoni
• Mankhwala opweteka
• Mankhwala othandizira
• Mfundo yofunika

Kukhala ndi khansa yapamwamba kumatha kumva ngati mulibe chithandizo chambiri kapena ayi. Koma sizili choncho. Pezani zomwe mungasankhe, ndipo yambani kulandira chithandizo choyenera.

Thandizo la mahomoni

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yothandizira khansa ya m'mawere yolandila (estrogen receptor-positive kapena progesterone receptor-positive) khansa ya m'mawere:

Tamoxifen ndi mankhwala akumwa tsiku lililonse azimayi otsogola.

Aromatase inhibitors ndi mankhwala am'kamwa azimayi a postmenopausal. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala olimbana nawo monga palbociclib (Ibrance) kapena everolimus (Afinitor). Aromatase inhibitors ndi awa:

• anastrozole (Arimidex)
• exemestane (Aromasin)
• letrozole (Femara)

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala ophatikizira mahomoni atha kukhala:

• kutentha ndi thukuta usiku
• kuuma kwa nyini
• adatsitsa kugonana
• kusinthasintha
• kusokonezeka kwa msambo mwa amayi omwe asanabadwe
• ng'ala
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka chamagazi, sitiroko, ndi matenda amtima
• kutaya mafupa

Mankhwala ochiritsira mahomoni sali othandiza pochiza khansa ya m'mawere yolandira ma khansa.

Mankhwala oyenera

Mankhwala angapo amalimbana ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Dziwani kuti mankhwalawa si mankhwala othandiza a khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha ndipo nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa kuphatikiza ndi chemotherapy. Mlingo woyambirira nthawi zambiri umatenga pafupifupi mphindi 90. Pambuyo pake, mankhwala amakhala ochepa ndipo amatenga pafupifupi theka la ora. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

• kulowetsedwa anachita
• malungo
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• matenda
• mutu
• kutopa
• zidzolo

Pertuzumab (Perjeta) imayendetsedwanso kudzera m'mitsempha. Mlingo woyamba umatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. Itha kubwerezedwa milungu itatu iliyonse m'mayeso ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chemotherapy. Zotsatira zoyipa za pertuzumab ndi chemotherapy zitha kuphatikizira:

• nseru
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kutayika tsitsi
• kutopa
• zidzolo
• dzanzi ndi kumva kulasalasa (zotumphukira za m'mitsempha)

Mankhwala ena omwe amamwa kudzera m'mitsempha, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) amapatsidwa masiku 21 aliwonse. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

• kulowetsedwa anachita
• kutopa
• nseru
• mutu ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa
• kudzimbidwa
• mphuno kutuluka magazi

Lapatinib (Tykerb) ndi mankhwala akumwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza chemotherapy kapena mankhwala ena olimbana nawo. Kutengera ndi mankhwala omwe akuphatikizidwa, lapatinib itha kuyambitsa:

• kutsegula m'mimba
• nseru ndi kusanza
• zidzolo
• kutopa

Njira zochiritsira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira khansa ya m'mawere yolandila / HER2-negative khansa ya m'mawere:

Palbociclib (Ibrance) ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aromatase inhibitor. Zotsatira zoyipa zingaphatikizepo:

• nseru
• zilonda mkamwa
• kutayika tsitsi
• kutopa
• kutsegula m'mimba
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda

Mankhwala amlomo everolimus (Afinitor) amatengedwa pakamwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi exemestane (Aromasin). Nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka letrozole kapena anastrozole atayesedwa. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizo:

• kupuma movutikira
• chifuwa
• kufooka
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga matenda, lipids yamagazi, komanso shuga wambiri wamagazi

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu uliwonse wa khansa ya m'mawere. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mankhwala angapo a chemotherapy.

Palibe mankhwala am'magazi kapena omwe amalimbana ndi khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imakhala yopanda ma hormone receptor-negative ndi HER2-negative (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu, kapena TNBC). Chemotherapy ndiye chithandizo chamankhwala oyamba munthawi imeneyi.

Chemotherapy ndi njira yothandizira. Itha kufikira ndikuwononga ma cell a khansa paliponse mthupi lanu. Nthawi zina, mankhwala a chemotherapy amatha kuperekedwa mwachindunji kumalo am'mimba, monga chiwindi kapena madzimadzi ozungulira ubongo wanu.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Gawo lililonse la chithandizo limatha maola angapo. Amapatsidwa pafupipafupi kwa milungu ingapo. Izi ndikuti mulole kuti thupi lanu lizichira pakati pazithandizo.

Mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi othandiza chifukwa amapha maselo a khansa omwe akukula mwachangu. Tsoka ilo, amathanso kupha maselo ena omwe akukula mwachangu. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• nseru ndi kusanza
• kutayika tsitsi
• kusowa chilakolako
• kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• kutopa
• kusintha pakhungu ndi misomali
• zilonda mkamwa ndi m'kamwa kutuluka magazi
• zosintha
• kuonda
• kutaya kugonana
• mavuto obereka

Mafunde

Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chingathandize kuchiza khansa ya m'mawere. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• kutsata metastasis mdera linalake, monga ubongo wanu kapena msana
• kuthandiza kupewa mafupa ofooka
• kutsata chotupa chomwe chimayambitsa bala lotseguka
• kuchiza kutseka kwamitsempha yamagazi m'chiwindi
• kupereka ululu

Chithandizo cha ma radiation sichipweteka. Koma zimatha kuyambitsa khungu kwakanthawi komanso kutopa kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse mpaka milungu isanu ndi iwiri, motero pamakhala kudzipereka kwakanthawi tsiku lililonse.

Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni itha kukhala gawo la chithandizo chanu chapamwamba cha khansa ya m'mawere pazifukwa zingapo. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chomwe chimakakamiza ubongo wanu kapena msana.

Opaleshoni itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala a radiation.

Mankhwala opweteka

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu wokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Mungayambe ndi kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pa-counter. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Lankhulani ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala owonjezera. Ena atha kusokoneza chithandizo chanu.

Kuti mupweteke kwambiri, dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani opioid pakamwa monga:

• morphine (MS Kupitiliza)
• oxycodone (Roxicodone)
• hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• fentanyl (Duragesic)
• methadone (Dolophine)
• mpweya (Opana)
• buprenorphine (Buprenex)

Zotsatira zoyipazi zingaphatikizepo kugona, kudzimbidwa, ndi nseru. Mankhwala amphamvu awa ayenera kumwa moyenera monga momwe akuuzira.

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowawa chifukwa cha mafupa am'mafupa:

• bisphosphonates: zoledronic acid (Zometa) kapena pamidronate (Aredia), yoperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha
• RANK ligand inhibitor: denosumab (Xgeva kapena Prolia), woperekedwa ndi jakisoni

Mankhwalawa amathanso kuthandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mafupa. Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa ndizovuta zina.

Mitundu ina ya mankhwala opweteka a khansa ya m'mawere ndi awa:

• mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• anticonvulsants
• mankhwala
• mankhwala oletsa ululu m'deralo

Anthu ena amavutika kumeza mapiritsi. Zikatero, mankhwala ena opweteka amapezeka mumtundu wamadzi kapena khungu. Zina zitha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena kudzera pa doko la chemotherapy kapena catheter.

Mankhwala othandizira

Mankhwala ena othandizira omwe angathandize kuchepetsa ululu ndi awa:

• kutema mphini
• kutentha ndi mankhwala ozizira
• mankhwala kutikita
• maseŵera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchiritsa thupi
• Njira zopumulira monga kusinkhasinkha ndi zithunzi zowongoleredwa

Mfundo yofunika

Chithandizo cha khansa yapakati ya m'mawere chidzagwirizana ndi zosowa zanu komanso matenda anu. Zitha kukhala ndi mankhwala angapo nthawi imodzi. Iyenera kukhala yosinthika, yosintha malinga ndi zosowa zanu.

Dokotala wanu amayang'anira thanzi lanu komanso zizindikilo zanu. Simuyenera kupitiliza ndi mankhwala omwe sakugwira ntchito.

Kuyankhulana bwino ndi dokotala ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse moyo wabwino kwambiri.