Mitundu ya chotupa chaubongo, chithandizo ndi zothekera zotheka

Zamkati

• Mitundu yayikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Chemotherapy
• 2. Chithandizo cha chandamale
• 3. Radiotherapy
• 4. Opaleshoni
• 5. Chithandizo chothandizira
• Zotsatira zotheka

Chotupa chaubongo chimadziwika ndi kupezeka ndi kukula kwa maselo osazolowereka muubongo kapena meninges, omwe ndi nembanemba yomwe imayala muubongo ndi msana. Chotupachi chimatha kukhala chosaopsa kapena choyipa ndipo zoyambitsa sizikudziwika bwino, koma zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini kapena chifukwa cha khansa yapakhungu yochokera kumadera ena a thupi, monga khansa ya m'mawere, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro za chotupa chaubongo zimadalira komwe kuli chotupacho, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake, koma nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kupweteka mutu, kusawona bwino, kusachita bwino komanso kugwidwa. Dziwani zizindikiro zina za chotupa chaubongo.

Chotupa chaubongo sichimayambitsa metastasis, ndiye kuti, chimafalikira mbali zina za thupi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri maselo oyipa a chotupacho amakula ndikukula muubongo momwemo. Zotupa zambiri zamaubongo ndizabwino ndipo zimakhala ndi malire odziwika bwino, kutanthauza kuti, amachiritsidwa ndipo amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opareshoni. Komabe, pakakhala chotupa chowopsa, chithandizo chitha kutengera mankhwala a chemotherapy, radiation kapena mankhwala omwe mukufuna.

Mitundu yayikulu

Chotupa chaubongo chimatha kudziwika kuti ndi chachikulu, pomwe maselo osadziwika amachokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje, kapena lachiwiri, lomwe limachitika pomwe zotupa zosazolowereka muubongo zimachokera ku chiwalo china chokhala ndi khansa, monga mapapo, impso, matumbo kapena bere. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya chotupa chachikulu muubongo ndi:

• Meningioma: amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa chotupa m'matumbo, omwe ndi nembanemba yomwe imazungulira ndikuteteza dongosolo lamanjenje;
• Glioblastoma: ndi mtundu wa chotupa chaubongo chomwe chimakhudza ma glial cell, omwe ali ndi udindo wothandizira ntchito za ma neuron;
• Astrocytoma: chotupa choyambachi chimakhudza maselo omwe amathandizira ma neuron ndipo kuuma kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndipo akhoza kukhala owopsa kapena owopsa;
• Medulloblastoma: ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chotupa chaubongo mwa ana, umakhudza cerebellum ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi yankho labwino kuchipatala;
• Pituitary adenoma: amadziwika ndi kutengeka kwa gland m'munsi mwa ubongo, adenohypophysis, zomwe zimakhudza thupi lonse.

Palinso ma ependymomas, omwe ndi mtundu wa chotupa chaubongo chomwe chimachokera m'maselo a ependymal, omwe amayang'anira kuyika kwa neural tube, ndiye kuti minofu yomwe imakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha chotupa chaubongo chimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula, mtundu, chotupacho komanso zimadalira ngati chotupacho chafalikira kumadera ena amitsempha, ndipo mitundu ingapo yamankhwala imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi oncologist, monga Zosankha izi:

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molunjika mumtsempha, kudzera mu catheter, ndi cholinga chowononga zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa chotupa chaubongo. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatendawa ndi carmustine ndi temozolomide, omwe amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapiritsi.

Mankhwalawa, amathanso kuwononga maselo athanzi, amayambitsa zoyipa monga nseru, kusanza, kutaya tsitsi, kutopa kapena kutsegula m'mimba, mwachitsanzo. Onani zovuta zina za chemotherapy.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa a chemotherapy komanso kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe akuwonetsedwa adzawonetsedwa ndi oncologist ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kumachitika mkati mwa nthawi kuti maselo athanzi abwezeretse.

2. Chithandizo cha chandamale

Chithandizochi chimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito molunjika pa majini ndi mapuloteni m'maselo otupa muubongo, omwe amaletsa kukula ndikuthandizira kuwononga chotupachi. Mwanjira imeneyi, limodzi ndi momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira, chitetezo chamthupi chimalimbikitsidwa ndipo maselo oteteza thupi amalimbananso ndi chotupa chaubongo.

Kuti mankhwalawa agwiritsidwe ntchito, pamafunika mayeso ndi mayeso apadera kuti azindikire majini ndi mapuloteni ochokera m'matumba am'mimba, ndipo si mitundu yonse ya zotupa zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala amtunduwu. Mankhwala a bevacizumab ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ina ya zotupa zamaubongo, zomwe mlingo wake umadalira kukula ndi kukula kwa chotupacho.

3. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chotupa chaubongo pogwiritsa ntchito matayala otulutsidwa ndi makina enaake, otchedwa linear accelerator, omwe amafanana ndi makina omwe amapanga tomography komanso maginito omveka bwino. Miyala iyi ya radiation imagwira mwachindunji pamalo otupa, ndikupha ma cell a khansa, kuthandiza kuchepetsa ndikuchotsa chotupa muubongo.

Nthawi zina, brachytherapy imatha kuwonetsedwa, yomwe ndi mtundu wa radiotherapy yochitidwa kudzera mu kuyika kwa radioactive, yolowetsedwa muubongo ndipo yomwe imatulutsa radiation pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Nthawi yamankhwala ndiyosiyana pamtundu uliwonse wa chotupa ndipo radiotherapist ndiye yemwe amawonetsa magawo ndi kuchuluka kwa radiation. Dziwani mitundu komanso radiotherapy ikamawonetsedwa.

4. Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni imatha kuwonetsedwa kutengera komwe kuli chotupa chaubongo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndimakhalidwe osakhwima, omwe amafunikira chidwi chochuluka kuchokera kwa madokotala ochita opaleshoni, popeza ubongo ndi chiwalo chomwe chimayang'anira zochitika zambiri za thupi, monga kuyankhula, kuwona ndi mayendedwe.

Njira zochitiramo opaleshoni zitha kuwonetsedwanso ngati gawo la matendawa, kudzera mu biopsy yaubongo, yomwe imatenga zitsanzo za minofu yaubongo kuti ziwunikidwe mu labotale ndipo izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zitha kuthandiza oncologist kuwongolera ndikuwonetsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri. . Palinso ma radiosurgery, momwe ma radiotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yochotsa chotupa chaubongo muubongo.

5. Chithandizo chothandizira

Chithandizo chothandizidwa chimadalira pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi chotupa chaubongo, monga, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a corticosteroid omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa kwa ubongo, kuchepetsa mutu ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zake, monga monga kupanikizika kosagwirizana.

Mankhwala oletsa kulanda amatha kulimbikitsidwanso kuti munthu amene ali ndi chotupa muubongo asagwidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zothetsera ululu zothanirana ndi ululu komanso mankhwala a nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa zitha kuwonetsedwa, chifukwa chotupa chamtunduwu chimapangitsa kusintha kwamalingaliro.

Zotsatira zotheka

Chotupa chaubongo chimatha kukhudza ziwalo zofunikira zamanjenje, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwamalingaliro, kukumbukira, kuyankhula, masomphenya komanso kuyenda kwa thupi. Mbali ya thupi imasiyidwa osayenda, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani mitundu ya hemiplegia.

Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo cha chotupa chaubongo, makamaka opaleshoni, chimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, monga kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa thupi. Komabe, munthu akangopezeka ndi chotupa chotere, gulu la akatswiri limafotokozedwa, lotchedwa gulu lazambiri, lomwe lizisamalira zochitika zosiyanasiyana, monga physiotherapy, yomwe idzayang'anire mayendedwe, ndi wothandizira kulankhula yemwe angachite.