Kuzindikira Mitundu Yakuzunza Ana ndi Momwe Mungayankhire
Zamkati
- Kunyalanyaza
- Nkhanza
- Kuzunzidwa mumtima komanso m'maganizo
- Kugwiriridwa
- Zomwe mungachite ngati mukukayikira kuzunzidwa kwa ana
- Zowopsa zomwe zimadzetsa nkhanza kwa ana
- Momwe mungathandizire ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza
- Chimachitika ndi chiani kwa ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza?
Kuzunza ana ndiko kuzunzidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa komwe kumamuvulaza mwana wazaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira nkhanza zakugonana, malingaliro, kuzunzika, komanso kunyalanyaza.
Kuzunzidwa kumachitika chifukwa cha munthu wamkulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndiudindo pamoyo wamwana.
Munthu amene amamuzunza akhoza kukhala kholo kapena wachibale. Angathenso kukhala munthu wokhala ngati womusamalira kapena wokhala ndiudindo m'moyo wa mwanayo, kuphatikiza mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi, kapena mtsogoleri wachipembedzo.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) akuti osachepera ku United States amakumana ndi nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa chaka chilichonse. Komabe, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kwambiri chifukwa nkhanza sizimanenedwa.
Munkhaniyi, muphunzira zambiri zamtundu wamachitidwe ozunza ana komanso zizindikilo zomwe mungaone mwa mwana yemwe akuzunzidwa. Muphunziranso chifukwa chake kuchitira nkhanza ana kumachitika ndi zomwe mungachite kuti muthane.
Kunyalanyaza
Kunyalanyaza kumachitika pamene wamkulu kapena wosamalira alephera kukwaniritsa zosowa zazikulu za mwana zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe. Zosowazi zikuphatikiza:
- nyumba
- chakudya
- zovala
- maphunziro
- chithandizo chamankhwala
- kuyang'anira
Kuzindikira zizindikiro zakunyalanyaza kumakhala kovuta. Mabanja omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa atha kukhala osakwanitsa kusamalira zinthu zina komabe osanyalanyaza ana awo.
Zitsanzo zakunyalanyaza ndizo:
- osamutengera mwana kwa dokotala kapena wamano pakafunika kutero
- kusiya mwana osasamaliridwa kunyumba kwa nthawi yayitali
- kulola mwanayo kuti avale mosayenera nyengo ya chaka (mwachitsanzo, wopanda malaya m'nyengo yozizira)
- osatsuka zovala, khungu, kapena tsitsi la mwanayo
- osakhala ndi ndalama zofunikira, monga chakudya
Ana omwe amanyalanyazidwa atha kusiyidwa munthawi yomwe amatha kukumana ndi nkhanza kapena mavuto ena.
Nkhanza
Nkhanza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwadala mphamvu yakukakamiza kuvulaza mwana. Zitsanzo za nkhanza monga:
- kugwedeza, kuponya, kapena kumenya mwana
- kutsina kwambiri, kumenya mbama, kapena kupunthwa
- kukakamiza mwana kuthamanga kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati chilango
- khungu loyaka kapena lotentha
- kubanika kapena kusowa mpweya
- poyizoni
- kukakamiza mwanayo kukhala wopanikizika kapena kumangirira
- kulepheretsa kugona, chakudya, kapena mankhwala
M'mayiko ena ndi mayiko ena, kulanga ana kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi njira yochitira ana nkhanza.
Ana omwe amazunzidwa atha kuwonetsa izi:
- mikwingwirima, kuwotcha, kapena kulondera
- mafupa osweka
- kuvala zovala zosayenera (mwachitsanzo, mikono yayitali mchilimwe) kubisa zipsera kapena mikwingwirima
- kuwoneka wamantha kwa munthu winawake
- kutsutsa mwamphamvu kupita kumalo ena ake
- kunyezimira akakhudza
- kuyankhula zovulazidwa kapena kupanga mafotokozedwe achinyengo ovulala
Kuzunzidwa mumtima komanso m'maganizo
Kuzunza mtima, kapena nkhanza m'maganizo, zitha kukhala zosawoneka, koma ndizamphamvu.
Zimachitika munthu akavulaza mwadala kudzidalira kapena thanzi la mwana pomupatsa mwanayo kuti mwanjira inayake ndiwosakwanira, wopanda pake, kapena wosakondedwa.
Kuchitiridwa nkhanza m'maganizo kumatha kukhala chifukwa chakunyozedwa, kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza zakuthupi.
Zitsanzo za nkhanza m'maganizo ndi monga:
- kupatsa ana "osalankhula"
- kuuza ana kuti "ndi oyipa," "palibe chabwino," kapena "kulakwitsa"
- kunyoza mwana
- kukuwa kapena kufuula kuti atseke iwo
- osawalola kuti afotokoze malingaliro kapena malingaliro
- kuopseza
- kuzunza
- kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanza m'maganizo
- Kuchepetsa kukhudzana
- kuletsa mawu obvomereza ndi chikondi
Kumbukirani zina mwa zitsanzozi zitha kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi pamene wina wakwiya kwambiri. Izi sizimapanga kuchitiridwa nkhanza m'maganizo. Zimakhala zankhanza pamene zibwereza ndi kupitilira.
Ana omwe amazunzidwa amatha kuwonetsa izi:
- kukhala ndi nkhawa kapena mantha
- akuwoneka wopatuka kapena wosaganizira ena
- kuwonetsa machitidwe mopitilira muyeso, monga kutsata kenako kukwiya
- kuwonetsa machitidwe osayenera zaka, monga kuyamwa chala chachikulu kusukulu ya pulaimale kapena yapakatikati
- kusakondana ndi kholo kapena womusamalira
Kugwiriridwa
Kugwiriridwa ndi chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimakakamiza mwana kuchita zachiwerewere.
Kugwiriridwa kungachitike ngakhale mwana sakukhudzidwa. Zochita zomwe zimadzutsa chilakolako chogonana mwa munthu wina chifukwa cha machitidwe kapena zochita za mwana zimawerengedwanso kuti ndi nkhanza zokhudza kugonana.
Zitsanzo za nkhanza zokhudza kugonana ndi monga:
- kugwirira
- kulowa, kuphatikizapo kugonana m'kamwa
- osagonana, monga kukhudza, kupsompsonana, kusisita, kapena kuseweretsa maliseche
- kunena nthabwala kapena nkhani zauve kapena zosayenera
- kukakamiza kapena kuitana mwana kuti avule
- kuwonera ena akuchita zachiwerewere ndi ana kapena kufunsa mwana kuti aziwonerera zogonana
- kunyezimira kapena kudziwonetsa wekha kwa mwana
- kulimbikitsa machitidwe ogonana osayenera
- kukonzekera mwana kuti adzagone mtsogolo
Ana omwe amachitidwa zachipongwe atha kuwonetsa izi:
- kuwonetsa chidziwitso chakugonana kupitirira zaka zawo
- kuyankhula zakukhudzidwa ndi munthu wina
- kudzipatula ku banja kapena abwenzi
- kuthawa
- kuthawa munthu winawake
- kutsutsa kupita kumalo enaake
- kukhala ndi maloto owopsa
- kunyowetsa bedi pambuyo pophunzitsidwa ndi potty
- kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana
Zizindikiro za nkhanza za ana zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Ziphuphu, mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala zopangidwa mwachilengedwe pakusewera kapena masewera. Komabe, ana ambiri omwe amachitidwa nkhanza amawonetsa zisonyezo zina. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- kudzipatula, kungokhala, kapena kutsatira zachilendo
- kutsutsa kupita kumalo ena pomwe malo ena sawabvutitsa
- kukana kukhala pafupi ndi munthu winawake
- kuwonetsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi pamakhalidwe
Inde, ana amakhumudwa ngati achikulire ambiri. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mwanayo pazizindikiro zina za kuzunzidwa.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukuzunzidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa, mutha kupita kwa mwanayo ndikuwathandiza popanda vuto lililonse komanso kumutsimikizira. Izi zingawathandize kuti azimva kuti ndi otetezeka kokwanira kunena zomwe zikuchitika.
Zomwe mungachite ngati mukukayikira kuzunzidwa kwa ana
Mutha kukhala omangika kutenga nawo mbali mukaganiza kuti mwana akhoza kuzunzidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa. Kupatula apo, ndizovuta kudziwa nkhani yonse. Komabe, kuyankhula kungathandize ana kupeza chitetezo chomwe amafunikira. Zithandizanso makolo kupeza thandizo lomwe angafunike.
Ngati mukukayikira kuti winawake amene mukudziwa akuzunza mwana wawo, mutha kuyimbira foni ngati mwadzidzidzi, monga apolisi. M'mayiko ambiri aku U.S., mutha kunena kuti simunadziwike.
KODI NDANI MUNGALANKHANE KUTI MUWATHANDIRENgati simukufuna kuyimbira apolisi, mutha kuyimbira:
- Hotele ya Nationalhelp National Child Abuse ku 800-4-A-CHILD (800-422-4453)
- Nambala Yowonjezera Yachiwawa Pabanja pa 800-799-7233
Ma hotline awa adzakutumizirani ku zinthu zakomweko, monga ntchito zoteteza ana.
Zowopsa zomwe zimadzetsa nkhanza kwa ana
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchitira nkhanza ana ndizovuta. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochitika zingapo zovuta.
zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuchitira nkhanza ana- nkhanza m'banja
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
- mavuto azachuma
- ulova
- mavuto osagwidwa ndi matenda amisala
- kusowa luso la kulera
- mbiri yakuzunza kapena kunyalanyazidwa
- nkhawa
- kusowa chithandizo kapena zothandizira
Kuthandiza mwana amene mumakhulupirira kuti akuzunzidwa ungakhale mwayi wothandiza makolo ake, nawonso. Ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhanza zimatha kukhala zozungulira.
Akuluakulu omwe adachitidwapo zachipongwe akadali achichepere amatha kuwachitira ana awo zomwe. Kupeza chithandizo kwa onse kholo ndi mwana kungaletse nkhanza kuti zifikire m'badwo wina.
Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mukuzunza mwana wanu kapena mukuopa kuti mwina mungalandire thandizo kuchokera kuzinthu izi:
- Chipata Chazidziwitso Za Zaumoyo Waana
- Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline
Mabungwewa atha kukupatsani zinthu zokuthandizani munthawi yochepa komanso mosalekeza.
Momwe mungathandizire ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza
Chithandizo chabwino kwa ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza ndi malo otetezeka, okhazikika, komanso olera komwe angachite bwino ndikuchira. Koma izi zisanachitike, ana amafunika kuthandizidwa kukwaniritsa izi:
- Kambiranani ndi zosowa zakuthupi. Ngati mwana wachitiridwa nkhanza, angafunike kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala. Chithandizo chazachipatala chitha kuthana ndi mafupa osweka, kuwotcha, kapena kuvulala. Ngati mwanayo wachitidwapo zachipongwe, angafunikire kuyesedwa kwina.
- Pezani chitetezo. Ngati mwana sali wotetezeka kunyumba kwawo, ntchito zoteteza ana zitha kumuchotsa kwakanthawi. Munthawi imeneyi, makolo amatha kugwira ntchito ndi mlangizi kuti athetse mavuto kapena zomwe zimayambitsa nkhanza. Ana amatha kukaonana ndi akatswiri azaumoyo.
- Funani chithandizo chamankhwala amisala. Ana omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa angafunikire chithandizo. Zotsatira zakuzunzidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa zitha kukhala zokhalitsa, koma chithandizo chitha kuthandiza ana kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo ndikuphunzira kusamalira ndi kuthana ndi zotsatilazi. Izi zitha kuwaletsa kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa anthu m'miyoyo yawo.
Chimachitika ndi chiani kwa ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza?
Kuzunzidwa ndi kunyalanyazidwa kumatha kubweretsa zovuta mpaka pakukula kwa mwana m'maganizo ndi thupi.
Ana omwe amachitilidwa nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa atha kukhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo, kuzunzidwa mtsogolo, zovuta zamakhalidwe, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwaubongo, mwazinthu zina.
Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti ana omwe adachitidwapo nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa alandire chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuwathandiza kuti achire kwakanthawi kochepa ndikulimbana ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo ndi thanzi lawo kwazaka zikubwerazi.
Kupeza wothandizira ndi malo abwino kuyamba. Umu ndi momwe mungapezere chithandizo cha bajeti iliyonse.