Tyrosine: Ubwino, Zotsatira zoyipa ndi Mlingo

Zamkati

• Kodi Tyrosine ndi chiyani?
• Itha Kukulitsa Maganizo M'mavuto
• Itha Kuthandiza Omwe Ali Ndi Phenylketonuria
• Umboni Pazotsatira Zake Zokhudza Kukhumudwa Usakanizika
• Zotsatira zoyipa za Tyrosine
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Chithokomiro cha Hormone
• Levodopa (L-dopa)
• Momwe Mungathandizire ndi Tyrosine
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Tyrosine ndichakudya chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo chidwi, chidwi ndi chidwi.

Amapanga mankhwala ofunika muubongo omwe amathandiza maselo amitsempha kulumikizana ndipo amatha kuwongolera momwe zinthu ziliri ().

Ngakhale maubwino awa, kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine kumatha kukhala ndi zovuta komanso kuyanjana ndi mankhwala.

Nkhaniyi ikukuwuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za tyrosine, kuphatikiza maubwino ake, zoyipa zake ndi Mlingo woyenera.

Kodi Tyrosine ndi chiyani?

Tyrosine ndi amino acid yemwe mwachilengedwe amapangidwa mthupi kuchokera ku amino acid wina wotchedwa phenylalanine.

Amapezeka mu zakudya zambiri, makamaka mu tchizi, komwe zidapezeka koyamba. M'malo mwake, "tyros" amatanthauza "tchizi" mu Greek ().

Imapezekanso mu nkhuku, nkhukundembo, nsomba, zopangidwa ndi mkaka komanso zakudya zina zambiri zamapuloteni ().

Tyrosine amathandizira kupanga zinthu zingapo zofunika, kuphatikiza (4):

• Dopamine: Dopamine amayang'anira malo anu amphatso ndi zosangalatsa. Mankhwala ofunikira aubongo ndiofunikanso pokumbukira komanso luso lamagalimoto ().
• Adrenaline ndi noradrenaline: Mahomoni amenewa amachititsa kuti anthu azimenya nkhondo kapena kuthawa pakagwa zovuta. Amakonzekeretsa thupi "kumenya" kapena "kuthawa" kuchokera ku chiwonetsero kapena kuvulazidwa ().
• Mahomoni a chithokomiro: Mahomoni a chithokomiro amapangidwa ndi chithokomiro chomwe chimayang'anira kagayidwe kake ().
• Tsamba Mtundu uwu umapatsa khungu, tsitsi ndi maso mtundu wawo. Anthu akhungu lakuda ali ndi melanin yambiri pakhungu lawo kuposa anthu akhungu lowala ().

Ikupezekanso ngati chowonjezera chazakudya. Mutha kugula nokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zina, monga zowonjezera zowonjezera.

Kuphatikiza ndi tyrosine kumaganiziridwa kuti kumawonjezera milingo ya ma neurotransmitters dopamine, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine.

Powonjezera ma neurotransmitters, atha kuthandizira kukonza kukumbukira ndi magwiridwe antchito pamavuto (4).

Chidule Tyrosine ndi amino acid omwe thupi limatulutsa kuchokera ku phenylalanine. Kuwonjezerapo kumaganiziridwa kuti kumawonjezera mankhwala ofunikira muubongo, omwe amakhudza momwe mungasinthire komanso kupsinjika.

Itha Kukulitsa Maganizo M'mavuto

Kupsinjika ndi chinthu chomwe aliyense amakumana nacho.

Kupsinjika uku kumatha kusokoneza malingaliro anu, kukumbukira, chidwi ndi chidziwitso pochepetsa ma neurotransmitters (,).

Mwachitsanzo, makoswe omwe anali ozizira (wopanikizika ndi chilengedwe) anali ndi vuto lakumbukira chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ma neurotransmitters (10,).

Komabe, makoswewa atapatsidwa mankhwala owonjezera a tyrosine, kuchepa kwa ma neurotransmitters kunasinthidwa ndikukumbukiranso kwawo.

Ngakhale zambiri zamtundu wa rodent sizitanthauzira kwa anthu, maphunziro aanthu apeza zotsatira zofananira.

Pakafukufuku wina mwa azimayi 22, tyrosine adasintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito pantchito yovuta yamaganizidwe, poyerekeza ndi placebo. Kukumbukira kugwira ntchito kumathandiza kwambiri pakuwatsatira ndikutsatira malangizo ().

Pakafukufuku womwewo, omwe akutenga nawo gawo 22 adapatsidwa chowonjezera cha tyrosine kapena placebo asadamalize kuyesa kuyesa kuyerekezera kuzindikira kwawo. Poyerekeza ndi placebo, tyrosine idapezeka kuti ikuthandizira kusinthasintha kwazindikiritso ().

Kuzindikira kusinthasintha ndikutha kusinthana pakati pa ntchito kapena malingaliro. Mofulumira munthu amatha kusintha ntchito, kumawonjezera kuzindikira kwawo kusinthasintha.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine kwawonetsedwa kuti kumapindulitsa iwo omwe sagona tulo. Mlingo umodzi wokhawo unathandiza anthu omwe sanathenso kugona kukhala tcheru kwa maola atatu kuposa momwe akanachitira ().

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikira kawiri kunatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine kumatha kuthana ndi kuchepa kwamaganizidwe ndikusintha kuzindikira kwakanthawi kochepa, kovutitsa kapena kovuta kwamaganizidwe (15,).

Ndipo ngakhale tyrosine itha kupindulitsa, palibe umboni womwe ukunenetsa kuti umalimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito mwa anthu (,,).

Pomaliza, palibe kafukufuku yemwe akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine pakakhala yopanikizika kumatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito am'mutu. Mwanjira ina, sizingakulitse kulingalira kwanu.

Chidule Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti tyrosine imatha kuthandizanso kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro anu mukamamwa musanachite zovuta. Komabe, palibe umboni kuti kuwonjezerapo ndikuthandizira kukumbukira kwanu.

Itha Kuthandiza Omwe Ali Ndi Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria (PKU) ndi chibadwa chosowa chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi vuto mu jini lomwe limathandizira kupanga enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase ().

Thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito enzyme iyi kuti isinthe phenylalanine kukhala tyrosine, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma neurotransmitters (4).

Komabe, popanda enzyme iyi, thupi lanu silingathe kuwononga phenylalanine, ndikupangitsa kuti likule mthupi.

Njira yoyamba yochizira PKU ndikutsata chakudya chapadera chomwe chimachepetsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi phenylalanine (20).

Komabe, chifukwa tyrosine amapangidwa kuchokera ku phenylalanine, anthu omwe ali ndi PKU amatha kusowa tyrosine, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta pamakhalidwe ().

Kuphatikiza ndi tyrosine ikhoza kukhala njira yothandiza pochepetsa izi, koma umboniwo ndi wosakanikirana.

Pakufufuza kumodzi, ofufuza adasanthula zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa tyrosine pambali kapena m'malo mwa zakudya zoletsedwa ndi phenylalanine pazanzeru, kukula, thanzi, kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa komanso moyo wabwino ().

Ofufuzawo adasanthula maphunziro awiri kuphatikiza anthu 47 koma sanapeze kusiyana pakati pakuphatikiza ndi tyrosine ndi placebo.

Kuwunikanso kwamaphunziro atatu kuphatikiza anthu a 56 sikunapezenso kusiyana kulikonse pakati pakuwonjezera ndi tyrosine ndi placebo pazotsatira zoyesedwa ().

Ofufuzawo adazindikira kuti palibe malingaliro omwe angapangidwe ngati mankhwala a tyrosine ndi othandiza pochiza PKU.

Chidule PKU ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse vuto la tyrosine. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amafunikira asanaperekedwe malingaliro pothana ndi mankhwala a tyrosine.

Umboni Pazotsatira Zake Zokhudza Kukhumudwa Usakanizika

Tyrosine amanenanso kuti amathandizira kukhumudwa.

Kukhumudwa kumaganiziridwa kuti kumachitika pamene ma neurotransmitters muubongo wanu amakhala osachita bwino. Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amalembedwa kuti athandize kuwongolera ndikuwongolera bwino ().

Chifukwa tyrosine imatha kukulitsa kupanga kwa ma neurotransmitters, amanenedwa kuti amachita ngati antidepressant ().

Komabe, kufufuza koyambirira sikugwirizana ndi izi.

Pakafukufuku wina, anthu 65 omwe ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika adalandira 100 mg / kg ya tyrosine, 2.5 mg / kg ya mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kapena placebo tsiku lililonse kwa milungu inayi. Tyrosine anapezeka kuti alibe mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ().

Matenda okhumudwa ndi zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chowonjezera chakudya monga tyrosine sichitha kuthana ndi zizindikilo zake.

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa omwe ali ndi ma dopamine ochepa, adrenaline kapena noradrenaline atha kupindula ndikuwonjezera tyrosine.

M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wina yemwe adachitika pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa dopamine adazindikira kuti tyrosine imapindulitsa kwambiri pachipatala ().

Kukhumudwa komwe kumadalira dopamine kumadziwika ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kusowa chidwi ().

Kufikira kafukufuku wambiri atapezeka, umboni wapano sugwirizana ndi tyrosine kuti athetse vuto lakukhumudwa ().

Chidule Tyrosine imatha kusandulika kukhala ma neurotransmitters omwe amakhudza kusangalala. Komabe, kafukufuku sagwirizana zowonjezera ndi kuthana ndi zizindikiro za kukhumudwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa za Tyrosine

Tyrosine "amadziwika kuti ndiwotetezeka" (GRAS) ndi Food and Drug Administration (28).

Yawonjezeredwa bwino pamlingo wa 68 mg pa paundi (150 mg pa kg) ya kulemera kwa thupi patsiku kwa miyezi itatu (15,,).

Ngakhale tyrosine ndiyotetezeka kwa anthu ambiri, imatha kuyambitsa zovuta ndikuyanjana ndi mankhwala.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Tyramine ndi amino acid omwe amathandizira kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo amapangidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa tyrosine.

Tyramine amadzipezera mu zakudya pamene tyrosine ndi phenylalanine amasandulika kukhala tyramine ndi enzyme mu tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (31).

Tchizi monga cheddar ndi tchizi wabuluu, nyama yochiritsidwa kapena yosuta, zinthu za soya ndi mowa zili ndi tyramine wambiri (31).

Mankhwala olepheretsa kupanikizika otchedwa monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) amaletsa enzyme monoamine oxidase, yomwe imaphwanya tyramine wochuluka mthupi (,,).

Kuphatikiza MAOIs ndi zakudya zamtundu wa tyramine kumatha kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhala koopsa.

Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine kumatha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa tyramine mthupi, chifukwa chake kusamala ndikofunikira kwa iwo omwe amatenga MAOIs (, 35).

Chithokomiro cha Hormone

Mahomoni a chithokomiro triiodothyronine (T3) ndi thyroxine (T4) amathandizira kuwongolera kukula ndi kagayidwe kake m'thupi.

Ndikofunika kuti milingo ya T3 ndi T4 isakhale yokwera kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza ndi tyrosine kumatha kukhudza ma hormone ().

Izi ndichifukwa choti tyrosine ndi malo omangira mahomoni a chithokomiro, chifukwa chake kuwonjezerako kumatha kukweza kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala a chithokomiro kapena omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chopitirira muyeso ayenera kukhala osamala powonjezera tyrosine.

Levodopa (L-dopa)

Levodopa (L-dopa) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a Parkinson ().

Thupi, L-dopa ndi tyrosine amapikisana kuti amwe m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya mankhwala (38).

Chifukwa chake, Mlingo wa mankhwala awiriwa uyenera kupatulidwa ndi maola angapo kuti izi zisachitike.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, tyrosine ikufufuzidwa kuti ichepetse zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuchepa kwazidziwitso kwa okalamba (38,).

Chidule Tyrosine ndiyabwino kwa anthu ambiri. Komabe, imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena.

Momwe Mungathandizire ndi Tyrosine

Monga chowonjezera, tyrosine imapezeka ngati amino acid waulere kapena N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT).

NALT imasungunuka ndimadzi kuposa mnzake wa mawonekedwe aulere, koma imakhala yosintha kwambiri kukhala tyrosine mthupi (,).

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafune mulingo wokulirapo wa NALT kuposa tyrosine kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zofananira, ndikupanga mawonekedwe aulere kusankha kosankhidwa.

Tyrosine nthawi zambiri amatengedwa muyezo wa 500-2,000 mg 30-60 mphindi musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, ngakhale phindu lake pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi silimadziwika (42, 43).

Zikuwoneka ngati zothandiza kuteteza magwiridwe antchito nthawi yamavuto athupi kapena nthawi yogona tulo mukamamwa mankhwala ochokera ku 45-68 mg pa paundi (100-150 mg pa kg) ya thupi.

Awa akhoza kukhala magalamu 7-10 a munthu wa mapaundi 150 (68.2-kg).

Mlingo wapamwambawu ungayambitse kukhumudwa m'mimba ndikugawika magawo awiri, kutengedwa mphindi 30 ndi 60 isanachitike nthawi yovuta.

Chidule Tyrosine ngati mawonekedwe amino acid aulere ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezeramo. Zotsatira zake zazikulu kwambiri zotsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwawonedwa mukamamwa muyezo wa 45-68 mg pa paundi (100-150 mg pa kg) ya kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi mphindi 60 chisanachitike chochitika chovuta.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Tyrosine ndichakudya chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

M'thupi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma neurotransmitters, omwe amakonda kuchepa panthawi yamavuto kapena pamavuto amisala.

Pali umboni wabwino kuti kuwonjezera ndi tyrosine kumabweretsanso ma neurotransmitters ofunikirawa ndikuthandizira magwiridwe antchito am'mutu, poyerekeza ndi placebo.

Kuwonjezerapo kumawonetsedwa kukhala kotetezeka, ngakhale muyezo waukulu, koma kumatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena, ndikofunikira kusamala.

Ngakhale tyrosine ili ndi maubwino ambiri, tanthauzo lake silikudziwika mpaka umboni wambiri utapezeka.