Kodi Ubiquitin Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Maselo a eukaryotic
• Kodi ubiquitin amachita chiyani?
• Chifukwa chiyani ubiquitin ndikofunikira?
• Kodi ubiquitin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda ena?
• Kutenga

Ubiquitin ndi yaying'ono, 76-amino acid, mapuloteni oyang'anira omwe adapezeka mu 1975. Amapezeka m'maselo onse a eukaryotic, kuwongolera mayendedwe a mapuloteni ofunikira, omwe amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga mapuloteni atsopano ndikuwononga mapuloteni olakwika.

Maselo a eukaryotic

Wopezeka m'maselo onse a eukaryotic omwe ali ndi amino acid motsatana, ubiquitin sanasinthe mwachilengedwe. Maselo a eukaryotic, mosiyana ndi ma prokaryotic, ndi ovuta ndipo amakhala ndi phata ndi madera ena apadera, olekanitsidwa ndi nembanemba.

Maselo a eukaryotic amapanga zomera, bowa, ndi nyama, pomwe ma prokaryotic amapanga zinthu zosavuta monga mabakiteriya.

Kodi ubiquitin amachita chiyani?

Maselo m'thupi lanu amamanga ndi kuphwanya mapuloteni mofulumira. Ubiquitin amamangirira mapuloteni, kuwayika kuti atayidwe. Izi zimatchedwa ubiquitination.

Mapuloteni otengedwa amatengedwa kupita ku ma proteasomes kuti awonongeke. Puloteni itatsala pang'ono kulowa mu proteasome, ubiquitin imachotsedwa kuti igwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Mu 2004, Mphoto ya Nobel mu Chemistry idaperekedwa kwa Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, ndi Irwin Rose chifukwa chopeza izi, zotchedwa ubiquitin mediated degradation (proteolysis).

Chifukwa chiyani ubiquitin ndikofunikira?

Kutengera ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito, ubiquitin yawerengedwa kuti ingathandize pakuthandizira pochiza khansa.

Madokotala amayang'ana pazosakhazikika pamaselo a khansa omwe amawalola kuti apulumuke. Cholinga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ubiquitin kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni m'maselo a khansa kuti khungu la khansa lifa.

Kufufuza kwa ubiquitin kwachititsa kuti pakhale mapulogalamu atatu a proteasome inhibitors omwe amavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti athetse anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi yambiri:

• bortezomib (Velcade)
• carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
• ixazomib (Ninlaro)

Kodi ubiquitin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda ena?

Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute, ofufuza akuphunzira za ubiquitin mogwirizana ndi thupi lanyama, matenda amtima, khansa, ndi zovuta zina. Akuyang'ana mbali zingapo za ubiquitin, kuphatikiza:

• kuwongolera kupulumuka ndi kufa kwa maselo a khansa
• ubale wake kupsinjika
• udindo wake pa mitochondria ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wafufuza kugwiritsa ntchito ubiquitin mu mankhwala am'manja:

• Ananenanso kuti ubiquitin imaphatikizidwanso pamagetsi ena, monga kuyambitsa mayankho a kutupa kwa nyukiliya-κB (NF-κB) ndikukonzanso kuwonongeka kwa DNA.
• Malingaliro akuti kukanika kwa dongosolo la ubiquitin kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zama neurodegenerative ndi matenda ena amunthu. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuti dongosolo la ubiquitin limakhudzidwa ndikukula kwa matenda opatsirana komanso oteteza thupi, monga nyamakazi ndi psoriasis.
• Ananenanso kuti ma virus ambiri, kuphatikiza fuluwenza A (IAV), amatenga matenda ndikutenga ubiquitination.

Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana komanso ovuta, njira zomwe zimathandizira kuti thupi likhale lodziwikiratu silikudziwika bwino.

Kutenga

Ubiquitin amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa mapuloteni pama cell. Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi chiyembekezo chokwaniritsa mitundu ingapo yamankhwala am'manja.

Kufufuza kwa ubiquitin kwadzetsa kale chitukuko cha mankhwala ochizira matenda a myeloma angapo, mtundu wa khansa yamagazi. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo bortezomib (Velcade), carfilzomib (Kyprolis), ndi ixazomib (Ninlaro).