Kodi UV Light Imapatsiratu Matenda Ndi Kupha Ma virus?

Zamkati

• Koma choyamba, kuwala kwa UV ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a UV angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi COVID-19?
• Kodi muyenera kugula mankhwala opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV?
• Onaninso za

Patatha miyezi ingapo yakusamba m'manja, kucheza ndi anthu, komanso kuvala chigoba, zikuwoneka kuti coronavirus yakumba zikhadabo zake kwa nthawi yayitali ku US. angathe Kuwongolera ndi zochita zanu komanso chilengedwe chanu, sizodabwitsa kuti inu - ndipo pafupifupi wina aliyense - mwakhala otanganidwa ndi kukonza. Ngati simunasunge pa Clorox ndikupukuta ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'mwezi wa Marichi, mwina mwakhala katswiri pakuyenda pa Google kuti mupeze mayankho a mafunso monga "kodi kupha ma virus?" kapena "kodi viniga ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo?" Utumiki wanu pansi pa kafukufuku wa kalulu ukhoza kukutsogolerani ku njira zina zophera majeremusi: kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV).

Kuunika kwa UV kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri (inde, makumi!) Kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya, monga omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, malinga ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nanga za kuthekera kwake kupha majeremusi a COVID-19? Chabwino, izo sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino. Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zowona zochirikizidwa ndi akatswiri za kuwala kwa UV, kuphatikiza ngati kungalepheretse kufala kwa coronavirus kapena zomwe muyenera kudziwa pazowunikira za UV (mwachitsanzo, nyali, wand, ndi zina) zomwe mudaziwona paliponse. .

Koma choyamba, kuwala kwa UV ndi chiyani?

Kuwala kwa UV ndi mtundu wa ma radiation amagetsi omwe amafalitsidwa ndi mafunde kapena ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ma elektromagnetic (EM), atero a Jim Malley, Ph.D., pulofesa wa zomangamanga ndi zachilengedwe ku University of New Hampshire. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa radiation ya UV? Dzuwa, lomwe limapanga mitundu itatu yosiyana ya cheza: UVA, UVB, ndi UVC, malinga ndi FDA. Anthu ambiri amadziwa za kuwala kwa UVA ndi UVB chifukwa ndi amene amachititsa kuti dzuwa liwotchedwe komanso khansa yapakhungu. (Zokhudzana: Ma radiation a Ultraviolet Amayambitsa Kuwonongeka Kwa Khungu - Ngakhale Mukakhala M'nyumba)

Magetsi a UVC, mbali inayi, samafikadi padziko lapansi (ozone layer block 'em), chifukwa chake kuwala kwa UVC kokha komwe anthu amawonekera ndikobisika, malinga ndi a FDA. Komabe, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri; UVC, yomwe ili ndi utali waufupi kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ma radiation onse a UV, ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mpweya, madzi, ndi malo opanda pobowole. Chifukwa chake, pokamba za kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV, chidwi chili pa UVC, akutero Malley. Ichi ndichifukwa chake: akatulutsidwa pamawonekedwe ena ake komanso nthawi yayitali, kuwala kwa UVC kumatha kuwononga ma genetiki - DNA kapena RNA - m'mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, kulepheretsa kutengera mobwerezabwereza, ndikupangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito apakompyuta agwe , akufotokoza Chris Olson, microbiologist komanso woyang'anira pulogalamu ya Infection Prevention and Emergency Preparedness ku UCHealth Highlands Ranch Hospital. (Chidziwitso: Ngakhale cheza cha UVC kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira chingathenso kuyika zoopsa kuphatikiza kutentha kwa diso ndi khungu - kofanana ndi cheza cha UVA ndi UVB - a FDA amatsimikizira kuti kuvulala uku "kumathetsedwa patangotha ​​sabata limodzi" komanso kuti mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu " ndi wotsika kwambiri. ")

Kuti UV a disinfection a kuwala azigwira ntchito, komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuzilamulira. Choyamba, kunyezimira kumafunikira kukhala pamawonekedwe olondola a kachilomboka. Ngakhale izi nthawi zambiri zimadalira thupi, paliponse pakati pa 200-300 nm amawerengedwa kuti ndi ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 260 nm, atero a Malley. Ayeneranso kukhala pamlingo woyenera - mphamvu ya UV yochulukitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yolumikizana, akufotokoza. "Mlingo woyenera wa UV womwe umafunika nthawi zambiri ndi wotakata kwambiri, kuyambira 2 mpaka 200 mJ/cm2 kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso mulingo wofunidwa wopha tizilombo."

Ndikofunikanso kuti malowa akhale opanda chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze kuwala kwa UVC kufikira chandamale, atero a Malley. "Timanena za kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku UV ngati ukadaulo wowonera, ndiye ngati chilichonse chitha kutsekereza kuwala kwa UV kuphatikiza dothi, madontho, mithunzi yamtundu uliwonse ndiye kuti madera omwe ali ndi "mithunzi kapena otetezedwa" sangaphedwe.

Ngati izi zikuwoneka zovuta, ndichifukwa choti: "Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa UV sikophweka; si kukula kumodzi komwe kumakwanira zonse," akutsindika Malley. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe akatswiri ndi kafukufuku sanatsimikizirebe momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito coronavirus. (Onaninso: Momwe Mungasungire Nyumba Yanu Yaukhondo Ndi Yathanzi Ngati Mukudzipatula Chifukwa cha Coronavirus)

Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a UV angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi COVID-19?

UVC ili ndi mbiri yabwino yolimbana ndi SARS-CoV-1 ndi MERS, omwe ndi achibale apamtima a SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa COVID-19. Maphunziro angapo, kuphatikiza malipoti omwe atchulidwa ndi FDA, apeza kuti kuwala kwa UVC kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi SARS-CoV-2, koma ambiri sanawunikidwe mozama ndi anzawo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zochepa zomwe zafotokozedwera za kutalika kwa mawonekedwe, kuchuluka kwake, ndi kutalika kwa radiation ya UVC yofunikira kuyambitsa kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2, malinga ndi FDA. Kutanthauza kuti kufufuza kwina kumafunikira aliyense asanathe mwalamulo - komanso mosamala - amalangiza kuunika kwa UVC ngati njira yodalirika yophera coronavirus.

Izi zikunenedwa, nyali za UV zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati njira yotsekera mkati, mwachitsanzo, machitidwe azachipatala. Chifukwa chimodzi chotere? Kafukufuku wapeza kuti kuwala kwa UVC kumatha kuchepetsa kufala kwa ma superbugs (monga staph) ndi 30 peresenti. Zipatala zambiri (ngati sizili zambiri) zimagwiritsa ntchito loboti yotulutsa UVC yomwe ili pafupifupi kukula kwa firiji ya chipinda cha dorm kuti iwononge zipinda zonse, akutero Chris Barty, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo komanso pulofesa wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ndi zakuthambo pa yunivesite ya California, Irvine. Anthu akachoka m'chipindacho, chipangizocho chimayamba kugwira ntchito potulutsa kuwala kwa UV, kudzisintha kukula kwa chipindacho ndi zosinthika (ie mithunzi, malo ovuta kufika) kuti aziyang'anira kuwala kwa nthawi yonse yomwe ikufuna. Izi zitha mphindi 4-5 pazipinda zing'onozing'ono monga mabafa kapena mphindi 15-25 zipinda zazikulu, malinga ndi Tru-D, mtundu umodzi wa chipangizochi. (FWIW, izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi kuyeretsa pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo ovomerezeka ndi EPA.)

Zipatala zina zimagwiritsanso ntchito makabati a UVC okhala ndi zitseko kupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga ma iPads, mafoni, ndi ma stethoscopes. Ena adayika zida za UVC m'mapaipi awo kuti aphe tizilombo tomwe timazunguliranso, akutero Olson - ndipo, poganizira kuti COVID-19 imafalikira makamaka kudzera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta aerosol, kukhazikitsidwa uku ndikomveka. Komabe, zida zachipatalazi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha; Sikuti ndiokwera mtengo mokha, mtengo wokwera $ 100k, koma amafunikanso maphunziro oyenera kuti agwire bwino ntchito, akuwonjezera Malley.

Koma ngati mwakhala mukufufuza nthawi yayitali pofufuza mankhwala ophera tizilombo a COVID-19, mukudziwa kuti pali zida zapanyumba zapanyumba ndi ma gizmos omwe akugunda pamsika mwachangu pano, zonse zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kochokera kunyumba kwanu. (Yogwirizana: 9 Best Natural Cleaning Products, Malinga ndi Akatswiri)

Kodi muyenera kugula mankhwala opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV?

"Zipangizo zambiri zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV zomwe tazifufuza ndikuziyesa [kudzera mu kafukufuku wathu ku University of New Hampshire] sizimakwaniritsa kupha majeremusi komwe amati akamatsatsa," akutero Malley. “Zambiri zili ndi mphamvu zopanda mphamvu, zopangidwa molakwika, ndipo anganene kuti amapha 99.9 peresenti ya majeremusi, koma tikawayesa nthawi zambiri amapha majeremusi osakwana 50 peresenti. (Zogwirizana: 12 Malo Majeremusi Amakonda Kukula Kuti Muyenera Kutsuka RN)

Barty akuvomereza, akunena kuti zidazi zimatulutsa UVC, koma "sizokwanira kuchita chilichonse munthawi yomwe akuti." Kumbukirani, kuti kuwala kwa UV kuphedi majeremusi, kumafunika kuwala kwakanthawi komanso pamlingo wina wake - ndipo, zikafika pakupha COVID-19, miyeso yonse iwiriyi ikadali TBD, malinga ndi FDA.

Ngakhale akatswiri sakudziwa momwe zida za UV zimathandizira ku coronavirus, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba, palibe kukana kuti, chisanachitike mliri, kuwala kwa UVC kudawonetsedwa (ndipo ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito) kupha tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kuyesa, nyali ya UV kuyesa, ndizotheka kuti ikuthandizira kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa majeremusi ena obisala mnyumba mwanu. Zinthu zochepa zofunika kukumbukira musanagule:

Mercury ndi ayi. "Zipatala nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito nyali zopangidwa ndi nthunzi za mercury chifukwa zimatha kupanga UVC yambiri ndikuwunika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda munthawi yochepa," akutero Barty. Koma, ICYDK, mercury ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, mitundu iyi ya nyali za UV imafunikira kusamala kwambiri pakuyeretsa ndi kutaya, malinga ndi FDA. Kuphatikiza apo, nyali za mercury zimapanganso UVA ndi UVB, zomwe zingakhale zowopsa pakhungu lanu. Fufuzani zida zopanda mercury, monga Casetify's UV sanitizer (Gulani, $120 $ 100, casetify.com) kapena ena omwe amatchedwa "excimer-based," kutanthauza kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina (sans-mercury) kuti apereke kuwala kwa UV.

Samalani ndi kutalika kwa mafunde.Sizinthu zonse za UVC zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana - makamaka zikafika pa kutalika kwa mafunde. Monga tanena kale, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a UVC kumatha kukhudza mphamvu ya chipangizo poyambitsa kachilombo (ndipo kupha). Zitha kukhudzanso chiwopsezo cha thanzi ndi chitetezo chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, ndikukusiyani ndi vuto lopeza chida chopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda cha UV chomwe chili champhamvu kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kupereka chiwopsezo chambiri. Ndiye nambala yamatsenga ndi chiani? Kulikonse pakati pa 240-280 nm, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Izi zikunenedwa, kafukufuku wa 2017 adapeza kuti kutalika kwa mafunde kuyambira 207-222 nm kumatha kukhala kothandiza komanso kotetezeka (ngakhale, osati kosavuta kubwera, malinga ndi International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection). TL; DR - ngati kumakupatsani mtendere wamumtima kapena chitonthozo kupha ngakhale majeremusi ochepa pafoni yanu, pitani pazida zomwe zimatulutsa, makamaka, 280 nm.

Ganizirani za nkhope yanu. Kuwala kwa UVC kumathandiza kwambiri pazinthu zolimba, zopanda phulusa, malinga ndi FDA. Ndipo zimangokhala zopanda ntchito pamalo okhala ndi mabampu kapena zitunda, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kwa UV kufikire malo onse omwe kachilomboka kangakhale, akufotokoza Barty. Chifukwa chake, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafoni kapena pakompyuta kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa kuposa, tinene, kapu yanu. Ndipo ngati mukufunadi kuzunguliza ndodo yoyeretsera kuwala kwa UV (Buy It, $119, amazon.com) ngati kuti ndi choyatsira nyali, kubetcherana kwanu kwabwino ndikungotero, mwachitsanzo, khitchini yanu yakukhitchini (ganizirani: yosalala, yopanda pake. , Germany). 

Sankhani zinthu zomwe zimatseka. Chida ngati UV choyenda sikubetcha kwanu, atero a Malley. "Minofu yamoyo (anthu, ziweto, zomera) sayenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi kuwala kwa UVC pokhapokha ngati ili m'malo oyendetsedwa bwino ndi akatswiri azachipatala ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso odziwa zambiri," akufotokoza motero. Ndi chifukwa ma radiation a UVC amatha kuvulaza maso (monga photophotokeratitis, makamaka diso lopsa ndi dzuwa) komanso zikopa zimayaka, malinga ndi FDA. Chifukwa chake m'malo mopanga zinthu zopepuka ngati ndodo kapena nyali, sankhani "zida zotsekedwa" zomwe zimabwera ndi "zida zachitetezo (zotsekera zokha, ndi zina zambiri) kuti zithetse kuthekera kowulula ziwalo zamoyo kuti zisochere kuwala kwa UVC," akutero Malley. Njira imodzi yabwino: "Chidebe cha foni yanu, makamaka ngati [foni yanu] yasiyidwa mmenemo kwa nthawi yayitali (mukugona)," monga SmartSoap's Smartphone UV Sanitizer (Buy It, $ 80, phonesoap.com).

Osayang'ana kuwala. Popeza zotsatira za UVC kwa anthu sizikudziwika, ndikofunikira kukhala osamala kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida. Pewani kupitiriza kuyanjana ndi khungu ndipo musayang'ane kuwalako, chifukwa kuwonekera mwachindunji ku radiation ya UVC kungayambitse kuvulala kwamaso kapena kupweteka ngati khungu, malinga ndi a FDA. Koma, ICYMI m'mbuyomu, zida zophera tizilombo tating'onoting'ono za UV zomwe mungagule pa 'gramu kapena Amazon, m'mawu a Malley, "zimalimbikitsidwa" ndipo zimabwera ndi zokhazokha zokhazokha, zomwe zimachepetsa zoopsa. Komabe, ndibwino kusamala, poganizira kuti sitimamvetsetsa zoopsa zake. (Zokhudzana: Kodi Kuwala kwa Blue kuchokera ku Screen Time Kungakhale Kuwononga Khungu Lanu?)

Mfundo yofunika: "Fufuzani malonda omwe ali ndi buku lokonzekera bwino komanso losavuta la ogwiritsa ntchito, malongosoledwe omveka bwino a zomwe chipangizo cha UV chimapereka pamlingo, komanso umboni wina wodziyesera wokha wachitatu kuti atsimikizire zomwe zanenedwa ndikupanga," akuwonetsa Malley.

Ndipo mpaka patakhala kafukufuku wochulukirapo komanso zowona kuti kuwala kwa UVC kumatha kupha COVID-19, ndikwabwino kumangokhalira kuyeretsa pa reg ndi zinthu zovomerezedwa ndi CDC, khalani olimbikira pakulumikizana, ndipo, chonde valani 👏🏻kuti 👏 🏻 chigoba 👏🏻.

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