Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza V / Q Mismatch

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Zomwe kusamvana kwa V / Q kumatanthauza
• V / Q zolakwika zimayambitsa
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• Mphumu
• Chibayo
• Matenda aakulu
• Edema ya m'mapapo
• Kutsekeka kwa ndege
• Kuphatikizika kwa pulmonary
• V / Q sizimayenderana ndi zoopsa
• Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa V / Q
• Chithandizo chosagwirizana cha V / Q
• Tengera kwina

Chidule

Mu chiŵerengero cha V / Q, V imayimira mpweya, womwe ndi mpweya womwe mumapumira. Mpweya umalowa mu alveoli ndi kaboni dayokisaidi. Alveoli ndi timatumba tating'onoting'ono kumapeto kwama bronchioles anu, omwe ndi machubu anu ochepa kwambiri.

Q, pakadali pano, imayimira perfusion, yomwe ndi magazi. Magazi opangidwa ndi deoxygenated kuchokera mumtima mwanu amapita kuma capillaries am'mapapu, omwe ndi mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi. Kuchokera pamenepo, kaboni dayokisaidi amatuluka m'magazi anu kudzera mu alveoli ndipo mpweya umalowa.

Chiŵerengero cha V / Q ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umafikira alveoli anu ogawanika ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mitsempha yama m'mapapu anu.

Pamene mapapu anu akugwira ntchito moyenera, malita 4 a mpweya amalowa m'malo anu opumira pomwe malita 5 amwazi amadutsa ma capillaries anu mphindi iliyonse kuti V / Q ya 0.8. Chiwerengero chomwe chimakhala chokwera kapena chotsika chimatchedwa V / Q cholakwika.

Zomwe kusamvana kwa V / Q kumatanthauza

Kulakwitsa kwa V / Q kumachitika pamene gawo lina lamapapu anu limalandira mpweya wopanda magazi kapena magazi omwe alibe oxygen. Izi zimachitika ngati muli ndi njira yapaulendo yolepheretsa, monga mukamatsamwa, kapena ngati muli ndi chotchinga chamagazi, monga magazi m'mapapu anu. Zitha kuchitika pomwe matenda amakupangitsani kubweretsa mpweya koma osatulutsa mpweya, kapena kubweretsa magazi koma osatenga mpweya.

Kusagwirizana kwa V / Q kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a hypoxemia, omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa m'magazi anu. Kusakhala ndi magazi okwanira okwanira kumatha kubweretsa kupuma.

V / Q zolakwika zimayambitsa

Chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi lanu kuperekera mpweya wokwanira m'magazi anu chitha kuyambitsa kusokonekera kwa V / Q.

Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)

COPD ndi matenda otupa am'mapapo omwe amalepheretsa mpweya kulowa m'mapapu anu. Zimakhudza anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Emphysema ndi bronchitis yanthawi yayitali ndizomwe zimafala kwambiri chifukwa cha COPD. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD ali nawo onse. Zomwe zimayambitsa COPD ndi utsi wa ndudu. Kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi konyansa kwamankhwala kungayambitsenso COPD.

COPD imakulitsa chiopsezo chanu pazinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mapapu ndi mtima, monga khansa yamapapo ndi matenda amtima.

Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:

• kuvuta kupuma
• chifuwa chachikulu
• kupuma
• kupanga ntchofu mopitirira muyeso

Mphumu

Mphumu ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti mpweya wanu utuluke ndikuchepera. Ndi chikhalidwe chofala chomwe chimakhudza pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 13.

Akatswiri sakudziwa chomwe chimapangitsa anthu ena kudwala chifuwa cha mphumu, koma zochitika zachilengedwe ndi majini zimawoneka ngati zikutenga gawo. Mphumu imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza zomwe zimafalikira monga:

• mungu
• nkhungu
• matenda opuma
• zoipitsa mpweya, monga utsi wa ndudu

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka kufooka ndipo zingaphatikizepo:

• kupuma movutikira
• kufinya pachifuwa
• kukhosomola
• kupuma

Chibayo

Chibayo ndi matenda am'mapapo omwe angayambitsidwe ndi mabakiteriya, kachilombo, kapena bowa. Zitha kupangitsa alveoli kudzaza ndimadzimadzi kapena mafinya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mupume.

Vutoli limatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pakuchepa mpaka kufooka, kutengera chifukwa ndi zinthu monga msinkhu wanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Anthu azaka zopitilira 65, omwe ali ndi matenda amtima, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chodwala ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chibayo chachikulu.

Zizindikiro za chibayo zimaphatikizapo:

• kuvuta kupuma
• chifuwa ndi phlegm
• malungo ndi kuzizira

Matenda aakulu

Bronchitis ndikutupa kwa m'mbali mwa machubu anu a bronchial. Timachubu ta bronchial timanyamula mpweya kupita nawo kuchokera kumapapu anu.

Mosiyana ndi bronchitis yoopsa yomwe imabwera mwadzidzidzi, bronchitis yanthawi yayitali imakula pakapita nthawi ndipo imayambitsa magawo omwe amabwera miyezi ingapo kapena zaka. Kutupa kosalekeza kumapangitsa kuti ntchentche zizikhala zambiri mumlengalenga, zomwe zimalepheretsa mpweya kulowa mkati ndi kutuluka m'mapapu anu ndikupitilira kukulira. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi bronchitis osatha amatha kukhala ndi emphysema ndi COPD.

Zizindikiro za bronchitis zosatha ndizo:

• chifuwa chachikulu
• ntchofu zakuda, zotuwa
• kupuma movutikira
• kupuma
• kupweteka pachifuwa

Edema ya m'mapapo

Edema ya m'mapapo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kuchulukana m'mapapo kapena kuchulukana kwamapapu, ndimavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa chamadzimadzi owonjezera m'mapapu. Timadzimadzi timasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi lanu kupeza mpweya wokwanira m'magazi anu.

Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto amtima, monga kupsinjika kwa mtima, komanso zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zipsinjo pachifuwa, chibayo, komanso kukhudzana ndi poizoni kapena kumtunda.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• kupuma mukamagona komwe kumawongolera mukakhala tsonga
• kupuma movutikira poyesetsa
• kupuma
• kulemera mwachangu, makamaka m'miyendo
• kutopa

Kutsekeka kwa ndege

Kutsekeka kwa mawayilesi ndikutseka kwa gawo lililonse lamaulendo anu. Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi kumeza kapena kupumira chinthu chachilendo, kapena:

• anaphylaxis
• kutsekula kwa mawu
• kuvulala kapena kuvulala panjira yapaulendo
• kutulutsa utsi
• kutupa pakhosi, matani, kapena lilime

Kutsekeka kwa njira yapaulendo kumatha kukhala kofatsa, kutsekereza mpweya wokha, kuti ukhale wovuta kwambiri kuchititsa kuimitsidwa kwathunthu, komwe ndi vuto lazachipatala.

Kuphatikizika kwa pulmonary

Kuphatikizika kwamapapu ndi magazi m'mapapu. Magazi amatseka magazi, omwe amatha kuwononga mapapu ndi ziwalo zina.

Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mitsempha yakuya, yomwe ndi magazi omwe amayambira m'mitsempha m'malo ena a thupi, nthawi zambiri miyendo. Mitsempha yamagazi imatha kubwera chifukwa chovulala kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, matenda, komanso kukhala osagwira ntchito kwakanthawi.

Kupuma pang'ono, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka ndizizindikiro.

V / Q sizimayenderana ndi zoopsa

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu pa V / Q molakwika:

• matenda opuma, monga chibayo
• matenda am'mapapo, monga COPD kapena mphumu
• chikhalidwe cha mtima
• kusuta
• matenda obanika kutulo

Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa V / Q

Chiwerengero cha V / Q chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso otchedwa pulmonary ventilation / perfusion scan. Zimaphatikizapo zojambula ziwiri: imodzi kuti muone momwe mpweya ukuyendera m'mapapu anu ndi inayo kuti muwonetse komwe magazi akuyenda m'mapapu anu.

Chiyesocho chimaphatikizapo jekeseni wa mankhwala omwe amatha kusungunuka omwe amasonkhana m'malo am'mlengalenga kapena mayendedwe amwazi. Izi ziwonetsedwa pazithunzi zopangidwa ndi mtundu winawake wa sikani.

Chithandizo chosagwirizana cha V / Q

Chithandizo cha V / Q cholakwika chimaphatikizapo kuchiza vutoli. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• bronchodilators
• inhalled corticosteroids
• mankhwala a oxygen
• Steroids wamlomo
• maantibayotiki
• mankhwala othandizira kukonzanso mapapo
• oonda magazi
• opaleshoni

Tengera kwina

Mufunikira mpweya wabwino wokwanira komanso magazi kuti mupume. Chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze muyesowu chitha kuyambitsa vuto la V / Q. Kupuma pang'ono, ngakhale kuli kofatsa, kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala. Zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana kwa V / Q zitha kuyendetsedwa kapena kuthandizidwa, ngakhale chithandizo chanthawi yake ndikofunikira.

Ngati inu kapena wina akukumana ndi mpweya mwadzidzidzi kapena wowawa kwambiri pachifuwa kapena pachifuwa, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.