Matenda a Valve a Mtima

Zamkati

• Mitundu yamavuto amagetsi a mtima
• Mitral valve yayenda
• Matenda a Bicuspid aortic valve
• Valvular stenosis
• Kubwezeretsa kwa Valvular
• Zizindikiro za matenda a valavu yamtima
• Kodi zimayambitsa zovuta zamavuto amtima ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a valavu yamtima amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a valavu yamtima amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ma valve amtima ndi otani?

Chidule

Matenda a valavu yamtima angakhudze mavavu aliwonse mumtima mwanu. Mavavu amtima wanu amakhala ndi ziphuphu zomwe zimatseguka ndikutseka ndi kugunda kulikonse kwa mtima, kulola magazi kuyenda kudzera muzipinda zakumtunda ndi zapansi komanso mthupi lanu lonse. Zipinda zapamwamba za mtima ndi atria, ndipo zipinda zapansi za mtima ndizoyendera.

Mtima wanu uli ndi mavavu anayi awa:

• valavu ya tricuspid, yomwe ili pakati pa atrium yoyenera ndi ventricle yoyenera
• valavu yamapapo, yomwe ili pakati pa ventricle yoyenera ndi mtsempha wamagazi
• valavu ya mitral, yomwe ili pakati pa atrium kumanzere ndi ventricle wakumanzere
• valavu ya aortic, yomwe ili pakati pa ventricle wakumanzere ndi aorta

Magazi amayenda kuchokera kumanja kumanzere ndi kumanzere kudzera pama tricuspid ndi mitral valves, omwe amatseguka kuti magazi azilowera kumanja kwamanzere ndi kumanzere. Mavavu amenewa amatseka kuti magazi asabwerenso ku atria.

Ma ventricles akangodzaza magazi, amayamba kugundana, kukakamiza ma pulmonary ndi aortic valves kuti atseguke. Magazi kenako amapita kumtunda wama pulmonary ndi aorta. Mitsempha yam'mapapo imanyamula magazi opangidwa ndi deoxygenated kuchokera pamtima kupita kumapapu. Aorta, womwe ndi mtsempha wamagazi waukulu kwambiri mthupi, umanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino mthupi lanu lonse.

Mavavu amtima amagwira ntchito powonetsetsa kuti magazi akuyenda kutsogolo ndipo samabwerera kumbuyo kapena kuyambitsa kutayikira. Ngati muli ndi vuto la valavu yamtima, valavuyo satha kuchita ntchitoyi moyenera. Izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kutayikira magazi, komwe kumatchedwa kuti kubwerera, kuchepa kwa valavu, komwe kumatchedwa stenosis, kapena kuphatikiza kwa kubwerera ndi stenosis.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto la valavu yamtima sangakhale ndi zizindikilo zilizonse, pomwe ena atha kukumana ndi zovuta monga kukwapulidwa, matenda amtima, komanso kuundana kwamagazi ngati vuto la valavu yamtima silichiritsidwa.

Mitundu yamavuto amagetsi a mtima

Mitral valve yayenda

Kuphulika kwa mitral valve kumatchedwanso:

• matenda a floppy valve
• matenda a click-murmur
• balloon mitral valavu
• Matenda a Barlow

Zimapezeka pamene valavu ya mitral siyitsekeka bwino, nthawi zina imapangitsa kuti magazi abwerere kumanzere kumanzere.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mitral valve prolapse alibe zizindikiro ndipo safuna chithandizo chotsatira chake. Komabe, zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo ndikofunikira ndi monga:

• kugunda kwa mtima
• kupuma movutikira
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• kutopa
• chifuwa

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kuchitidwa opaleshoni kukonzanso kapena kusintha valavu ya mitral.

Matenda a Bicuspid aortic valve

Matenda a bicuspid aortic valve amapezeka munthu akabadwa ndi valavu ya aortic yomwe imakhala ndi ziphuphu ziwiri m'malo mwazizolowezi zitatu. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, zizindikilo za matendawa zimakhalapo pobadwa. Komabe, anthu ena amatha zaka zambiri osadziwa kuti ali ndi matendawa. Valve nthawi zambiri imatha kugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri osayambitsa zizindikilo, chifukwa chake anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a bicuspid aortic valve sapezeka mpaka atakula.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kupuma movutikira ndi kuyesetsa
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• chizungulire
• kukomoka

Anthu ambiri amatha kukonza ma valve awo aortic bwino ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Malinga ndi chipatala cha Cleveland, anthu 80 pa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi vuto la valavu yamtima adzafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti akonze valavuyo. Izi zimachitika makamaka ali ndi zaka za m'ma 30 kapena 40.

Valvular stenosis

Valvular stenosis imachitika pamene valavu silingathe kutsegula kwathunthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magazi osakwanira amatha kuyenda kudzera mu valavu. Izi zitha kuchitika pamavalo amtima aliwonse ndipo atha kuyambitsidwa ndi valavu yamtima yolimba kapena yolimba.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kupweteka pachifuwa
• kupuma movutikira
• kutopa
• chizungulire
• kukomoka

Anthu ena safuna chithandizo cha valvular stenosis. Anthu ena angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti asinthe kapena kukonzanso valavu. Kutengera kukula kwa stenosis yanu komanso msinkhu wanu, valvuloplasty, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito buluni kuti muchepetse valavu, itha kukhala njira.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Valvular

Valvular regurgitation amathanso kutchedwa "leaky valve." Zimachitika pamene mavavu amtundu uliwonse samatsekera bwino, ndikupangitsa magazi kubwerera kumbuyo. Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kupuma movutikira
• chifuwa
• kutopa
• kugunda kwa mtima
• mutu wopepuka
• kutupa kwa mapazi ndi akakolo

Zotsatira zakubwezeretsanso kwa ma valvular zimasiyana kutengera munthu. Anthu ena amangofunika kuyang'aniridwa momwe alili. Ena angafunike kumwa mankhwala kuti ateteze kuchuluka kwa madzi, pomwe ena amafunika kukonza ma valve kapena kuwasintha.

Zizindikiro za matenda a valavu yamtima

Zizindikiro za matenda a valavu yamtima zimasiyana kutengera kukula kwa vutoli. Nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwa zisonyezo kumawonetsa kuti matendawa akukhudza magazi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la valavu yamtima wofatsa samakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, zizindikilo zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• kupuma movutikira
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kutopa
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• chizungulire
• kukomoka
• kupweteka mutu
• chifuwa
• kusungira madzi, komwe kumatha kuchititsa kutupa kumapeto kwenikweni ndi m'mimba
• edema ya m'mapapo, yomwe imayamba chifukwa chamadzimadzi owonjezera m'mapapu

Kodi zimayambitsa zovuta zamavuto amtima ndi ziti?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amagetsi amtima osiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimayambitsa zingaphatikizepo:

• chilema chakubadwa
• matenda endocarditis, kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima
• rheumatic fever, matenda otupa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda a gulu A Mzere mabakiteriya
• zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka, monga calcium calcium
• matenda a mtima
• mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi, kuchepa ndi kuuma kwa mitsempha yomwe imapereka mtima
• cardiomyopathy, yomwe imakhudza kusintha kosasintha mu minofu ya mtima
• chindoko, matenda opatsirana pogonana kawirikawiri
• matenda oopsa, kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi
• aortic aneurysm, kutupa kwachilendo kapena kuphulika kwa aorta
• atherosclerosis, kuumitsa mitsempha
• kuchepa kwa myxomatous, kufooka kwa minofu yolumikizana mu mitral valve
• lupus, matenda osokoneza bongo

Kodi matenda a valavu yamtima amapezeka bwanji?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikilo za vuto la valavu yamtima, dokotala wanu ayamba ndikumvera mtima wanu ndi stethoscope. Amvera pazovuta zilizonse zomwe zingagwirizane ndimitengo ya mtima wanu. Dokotala wanu amathanso kumvetsera m'mapapu anu kuti adziwe ngati pali madzi ambiri ndikuwunika thupi lanu ngati ali ndi zizindikiro zosungira madzi. Izi zonse ndizizindikiro zamatenda a valavu yamtima.

Mayesero ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira matenda a valavu ya mtima ndi awa:

• Electocardiogram ndi mayeso omwe amawonetsa zamagetsi pamtima. Kuyesaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwone ngati mulibe vuto la mtima.
• Echocardiogram imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akumveka kuti apange chithunzi cha mavavu amtima ndi zipinda.
• Catheterization yamtima ndi mayeso ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zovuta zamagetsi. Kuyesaku kumagwiritsa ntchito chubu chopyapyala kapena catheter chokhala ndi kamera kujambula mtima wanu ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zitha kuthandiza dokotala kuti adziwe mtundu wa vuto lanu la valavu.
• X-ray pachifuwa imatha kulamulidwa kuti iwonetse mtima wanu. Izi zitha kuuza dokotala wanu ngati mtima wanu wakula.
• Kujambula kwa MRI kumatha kupereka chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha mtima wanu. Izi zitha kuthandiza kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi vuto ndikulola dokotala kuti adziwe momwe angathetsere vuto lanu la valavu.
• Kuyesa kupanikizika kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe momwe matenda anu amakhudzidwira ndi kuyesetsa. Zomwe zimachokera kukayezetsa kupsinjika zitha kudziwitsa dokotala za matenda anu.

Kodi matenda a valavu yamtima amathandizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha matenda a valavu yamtima chimadalira kukula kwa matendawa ndi zizindikilo zake. Madokotala ambiri amati akuyamba ndi mankhwala osamalitsa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuyang'aniridwa mosasinthasintha kuchipatala
• kusiya kusuta ngati mumasuta
• kutsatira chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mankhwala omwe amalembedwa nthawi zambiri ndi awa:

• beta-blockers ndi calcium channel blockers, omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• okodzetsa kuchepetsa posungira madzimadzi
• vasodilator, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amatsegula kapena kutalikitsa mitsempha

Mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni ngati matenda anu akukula kwambiri. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukonza valavu yamtima pogwiritsa ntchito izi:

• minofu yanu
• valavu yanyama ngati mukusintha valavu yachilengedwe
• valavu yoperekedwa kuchokera kwa munthu wina
• valavu yamakina, kapena yokumba

Valvuloplasty itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi stenosis. Pa valvuloplasty, dokotala wanu amalowetsa chibaluni chaching'ono mumtima mwanu momwe mwadzaza pang'ono. Kutsika kwake kumakulitsa kukula kwa kutsegula mu valavu, kenako buluniyo imachotsedwa.

Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ma valve amtima ndi otani?

Maganizo anu adzadalira matenda amtundu wamavuto amtima omwe muli nawo komanso kukula kwake. Mavuto ena a valavu yamtima amangofunika kuwunika pafupipafupi, pomwe ena amafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe muli nazo, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekera kuyezetsa dokotala wanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dokotala wanu athe kupeza zovuta zilizonse zoyambirira.