Kodi bicuspid aortic valavu ndi chiyani, chifukwa chiyani zimachitika ndi momwe angachiritsire

Zamkati

• Zomwe zimayambitsa
• Momwe mungadziwire
• Zovuta zotheka
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kodi ndizotheka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi?

Bicuspid aortic valve ndi matenda obadwa nawo amtima, omwe amapezeka pomwe valavu ya aortic ili ndi timapepala ta 2, m'malo mwa 3, momwe ziyenera kukhalira, vuto lomwe limakhala lofala, chifukwa lili pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2% ya anthu.

Vicuspid aortic valve sangayambitse matenda kapena mtundu uliwonse wamasinthidwe, komabe, mwa anthu ena amatha kusinthika ndi zovuta pakapita nthawi, monga aortic stenosis, kusakwanira kwa aortic, aneurysm kapena matenda opatsirana endocarditis, omwe angayambitse chizungulire, kuphwanya kapena kusowa kwa mpweya , Mwachitsanzo.

Zovuta izi zimachitika chifukwa valavu ya bicuspid imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikudutsa kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuvulala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti chithandizocho chichitike akangodziwa, ndi chitsogozo kuchokera kwa katswiri wazamtima, yemwe amatha kuwonetsa mayeso apachaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena opaleshoni m'malo mwa valavu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa

Aliyense akhoza kubadwa ndi vicuspid aortic valve, chifukwa zoyambitsa zake sizinafotokozeredwe. Ichi ndi chilema chomwe chidapangidwa pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwa mu chiberekero cha amayi, nthawi yomwe pali kusakanikirana kwa ma valve awiri, ndikupanga chimodzi. Izi mwina ndichifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa, pomwe ena amatengera cholowa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.

Kuphatikiza apo, bicuspid aortic valavu imatha kuwoneka yokhayo kapena yolumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina zamtima, monga kupindika ndi kutulutsa kwa minyewa, kusokonekera kwa chipilala cha aortic, kupindika kwa septal, matenda a Maritima kapena matenda a Turner, mwachitsanzo.

Mtima uli ndi mavavu 4, omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka magazi kuti mtima uzitha kupopera mpaka kumapapu ndi thupi lonse, kuti utsatire njira imodzi ndipo usabwerere kwina pakamenya mtima, komabe, mavavu awa akhoza kukhala olakwika panthawi yopanga chiwalo ichi. Zofooka zamagetsi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kudandaula kwa mtima, kumvetsetsa kuti ndi chiyani, zimayambitsa komanso momwe mungathetsere vutoli.

Momwe mungadziwire

Vicuspid aortic valavu imatha kugwira ntchito bwino, osati kupitilira kudwala, kotero anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli alibe zisonyezo. Nthawi zambiri, pazochitikazi, adotolo amatha kuzindikira kusinthaku pakuwunika kwakanthawi, komwe kungamveke kung'ung'udza ndi mawu ena pamtima, kotchedwa systolic ejection click.

Komabe, pafupifupi 1/3 ya milanduyi, ndizotheka kuti bicuspid valavu iwonetse kusintha kwa magwiridwe ake, nthawi zambiri munthu akamakula, zomwe zimasintha magazi ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro monga:

• Kutopa;
• Kupuma pang'ono;
• Chizungulire;
• Kulimbitsa;
• Kukomoka.

Zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika pang'ono kapena pang'ono, kutengera kukula kwa kusintha komwe kwachitika komanso zomwe zimakhudza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mtima.

Kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa bicuspid aortic valve, katswiri wamaphunziro apamtima adzafunsa echocardiogram, yomwe ndi mayeso omwe amatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe a mavavu amtima komanso momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito. Mvetsetsani momwe echocardiogram imachitikira komanso pakafunika kutero.

Zovuta zotheka

Zovuta zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi bicuspid aortic valve atha kupereka ndi izi:

• Kung'ambika stenosis;
• Kusowa kwa minyewa;
• Kutsegula kwa aortic kapena kutsekula m'mimba;
• Matenda opatsirana a endocarditis.

Ngakhale amawoneka munthawi zochepa chabe, kusintha kumeneku kumatha kuchitika kwa aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli, popeza kupsinjika kwamankhwala pakudutsa magazi kumakhala kwakukulu mwa iwo omwe ali ndi valavu ya bicuspid. Kutheka kwa zovuta kumakhala kwakukulu pazaka zambiri, ndipo ndikokulirapo mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Nthawi zambiri, munthu yemwe ali ndi valavu ya bicuspid aortic amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, chifukwa kusintha kumeneku sikumayambitsa zizindikilo kapena zovuta pamphamvu yamunthuyo. Pakadali pano, kutsatira kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa cardiologist kumafunika, yemwe angafunse echocardiogram, chifuwa cha X-ray, ECG, holter ndi mayeso ena omwe angazindikire kusintha kapena kukulirakulira kwa vutolo, ngati alipo.

Chithandizo chotsimikizika chimachitika ndikuchita opareshoni, ndipo njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchepa, kuwongolera pang'ono kapena kuchitira opaleshoni yamavulupu zitha kuwonetsedwa, zomwe kuwunika kolimba kwa mawonekedwe a valavu, kusintha kwake ndikudzipereka kwake pamachitidwe ndikofunikira. , ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa mtundu wabwino wa opareshoni, yomwe imayenera kukhala payokha, ndikuwunika zoopsa ndi matenda omwe munthu aliyense ali nawo.

Valavu imatha kusinthidwa ndi valavu yamakina kapena yachilengedwe, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala komanso wochita opaleshoni ya mtima. Kuchira kuchokera ku opaleshoni kumatenga nthawi, kumafunikira nthawi yogona kuchipatala yamasabata pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2, kuphatikiza kupumula komanso chakudya chamagulu. Onani momwe kuchira kumawonekera mutachita opaleshoni ya aortic valve m'malo mwake.

Nthawi zina, adokotala amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga antihypertensive mankhwala, beta-blockers kapena ACE inhibitors, kapena ma statins, mwachitsanzo, monga njira yochepetsera zizindikilo kapena kuchedwetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kusintha kwa mtima, kusuta fodya, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuwongolera mafuta m'thupi kumalimbikitsidwanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi vicuspid valavu angafunike maantibayotiki, pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki a nthawi ndi nthawi kupewa matenda ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda opatsirana a endocarditis. Mvetsetsani kuti ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachiritsire endocarditis.

Kodi ndizotheka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi?

Nthawi zambiri, munthu yemwe ali ndi valavu ya bicuspid aortic amatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zoletsa pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo akupita patsogolo ndi zovuta, monga kukhathamira kapena kupindika kwa valavu, kapena kusintha kwa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti wothandizira zolimbitsa thupi ndi kusinthaku apange kuwunika kwakanthawi ndi mayeso a cardiologist ndi echocardiogram, kuti athe kuwunika momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito komanso ngati pali kusintha kwa zovuta zilizonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, othamanga othamanga kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwakukulu, atha kukhala ndi "mtima wothamanga", momwe munthuyo amasinthira thupi pamtima, kuthekera kowonjezeka kwamitsempha yamitsempha komanso kukulira kwa mtima khoma. Zosinthazi nthawi zambiri sizimapita kudwala la mtima, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa ndikuimitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, payenera kukhala chidwi chenicheni pakusintha uku pakuwunika kwakanthawi ndi katswiri wa zamatenda.