Njira 4 Zodziwitsira Ngati Ng'ombe Yanyama Ili Yoipa

Zamkati

• 1. Yang'anani mtundu
• 2. Yang'anani kapangidwe kake
• 3. Yesani fungo
• 4. Onani tsiku lothera ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa zodya ng'ombe yoyipa
• Momwe mungasamalire bwino ng'ombe yophika
• Mfundo yofunika

Ng'ombe yapamtunda imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma burger, nyama zanyama, ndi soseji, komanso ma tacos, lasagna, ndi ma pie abwino. Amakhala pafupifupi 62% ya ng'ombe zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku United States ().

Komabe, popeza kuti akupera nyama kumavumbula mbali ina ndi mpweya, zinthu zowonongera zili ndi mpata wokwanira kuzilumikiza. Chifukwa chake, zimayenda mofulumira kuposa steak kapena mabala ena akulu ().

Spoilage ndi mabakiteriya a pathogenic atha kukhudza nyama yang'ombe.

Mabakiteriya owononga nthawi zambiri amakhala osavulaza koma amachititsa kuti chakudya chiwonongeke ndikupanga fungo loyipa (3).

Kumbali inayi, mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda ndi owopsa, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa poyizoni wazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kumapangitsa kuti azipezeka pachakudya chanu.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuwononga mabakiteriya sikungakudwalitseni, nthawi zonse muyenera kutaya nyama yang'ombe yowonongeka kuti mupewe tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda.

Nazi njira 4 zodziwira ngati ng'ombe yanu yayenda bwino.

1. Yang'anani mtundu

Ng'ombe yapansi imatha kusintha mtundu chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza kutentha, kuwala, kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso mpweya ().

Ng'ombe yatsopano, yaiwisi yaiwisi iyenera kukhala yofiira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa oxymyoglobin - pigment yomwe imapangidwa pomwe puloteni yotchedwa myoglobin imachita ndi mpweya (3).

Mkati mwa nyama yaiwisi ingakhale yofiirira chifukwa chosowa mpweya. Izi sizikusonyeza kuwonongeka.

Komabe, muyenera kutaya ng’ombe yapansi ngati yasanduka yakuda kapena imvi panja, chifukwa izi zikusonyeza kuti yayamba kuvunda.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhungu imatha kuwononga ng'ombe yophika, chifukwa chake muyenera kuponya zotsala mukawona kuti pali buluu, imvi, kapena zobiriwira (5).

Ng'ombe yaiwisi yaiwisi iyenera kukhala yofiira kunja ndi mkati mwa bulauni. Ngati mawonekedwe ake asanduka ofiira kwambiri kapena otuwa kapena nkhungu yakula, yaipa ndipo iyenera kutayidwa.

2. Yang'anani kapangidwe kake

Njira ina yowunikirira ng'ombe yanu ndikuyesa kukhudza.

Ng'ombe yatsopano ya nthaka iyenera kukhala yolimba yomwe imasweka mukamafinya.

Komabe, mawonekedwe omata kapena owonda - mwina ataphika kapena yaiwisi - atha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa mabakiteriya owononga. Muyenera kuponyera nthawi yomweyo (14).

Pofuna kupewa kufalitsa mabakiteriya kuchokera pamwamba kupita kwina, sambani m'manja mwanu mukakhudza nyama yaiwisi.

Ngati ng'ombe yanu yapamtunda imakhala yolimba kapena yopyapyala ikakhala yaiwisi kapena yophika, mwina idawonongeka.

3. Yesani fungo

Kuyesaku mwina ndiye njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri yodziwira ngati nyama yawonongeka. Imagwira pa ng'ombe yaiwisi komanso yophika.

Ngakhale kununkhira kwa nyama yang'ombe yatsopano sikumveka kwenikweni, nyama yovunda imakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino. Ikadzayamba kuipa, sipakhalanso bwino kudya.

Fungo limasintha chifukwa chakukula kwa mabakiteriya owononga, monga Lactobacillus spp. ndipo Pseudomonas spp., zomwe zingakhudzenso kununkhira ().

Ngati simukuwona kununkhira koseketsa komabe mukuwona zizindikiro zakutha kwa utoto kapena kapangidwe kake, ndi zotetezeka kwambiri kuti muzitaye, chifukwa mabakiteriya opatsirana sangathe kununkhiza (6).

Ng'ombe yowonongeka imayamba kununkhiza kwambiri yomwe imawonetsa kuti ndikowopsa kudya.

4. Onani tsiku lothera ntchito

Madeti ogulitsira ndi kumaliza ntchito ndiupangiri wina wowonjezera wodziwa ngati ng'ombe yanu ndiyabwino (7).

Tsiku logulitsa limamuuza wogulitsa nthawi yayitali kuti malonda athe kuwonetsedwa kuti agulitsidwe. Ng'ombe yapansi ingathe kuzirizidwa m'firiji ndikudya bwino masiku awiri kuchokera tsiku lino (3, 6).

Pakadali pano, tsiku lomaliza ntchito - lomwe limatchulidwanso kuti "koyambirira" - limakuwuzani nthawi yomwe malonda akuyamba kuyipa. Chakudya chidzakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komanso chisanachitike tsikuli.

Simuyenera kudya nyama yankhumba itadutsa nthawi yatha pokhapokha itazizira, momwemo imatha mpaka miyezi 4 ().

Onetsetsani kuti muwerenge mosamalitsa zomwe zalembedwazo mukamagula ng'ombe.

Madeti ogulitsira ndi kutha ntchito akukuuzani nthawi yabwino kudya nyama yang'ombe. Kuzizira kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mashelufu ake.

Zotsatira zoyipa zodya ng'ombe yoyipa

Ng'ombe yowonongeka ndiyowopsa kudya chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda, omwe amachititsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kusanza, kukokana m'mimba, ndi kutsegula m'mimba - komwe kumatha kukhala kwamagazi (,,).

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda timakula mwachangu pazakudya zomwe zatsalira kutentha ndipo zimatha kupezeka pachakudya chowonongeka (6).

Mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka kwambiri munyama yang'ombe ndi Salmonella ndi kupanga Shiga poizoni E. coli (STEC). Matenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi mabakiteriyawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku United States (, 3,,).

Zitha kutenga masiku angapo kuti zizindikiritso ziwonekere.

Kuti muwononge mabakiteriyawa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha poizoni wazakudya, kuphika nyama yophika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito thermometer yanyama kutsimikizira kuti kutentha kwake kwamkati kumafika pa 160 ° F (71 ° C) (3).

Ndizotetezeka kwambiri kuti musadye konse nyama yophika kapena yowonongeka.

Salmonella ndipo STEC ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha poyizoni wazakudya kuchokera ku ng'ombe yanthaka. Phikani nyama bwinobwino kuti muchepetse matenda.

Momwe mungasamalire bwino ng'ombe yophika

Kusamalira ndi kusunga bwino ndikofunikira popewa poyizoni wazakudya kuchokera ku ng'ombe yanthaka. Nawa maupangiri angapo achitetezo (3,,):

• Kuti muchepetse nthawi yomwe ng'ombe yatsala yopanda firiji, mugule kotsiriza ndikupita kunyumba molunjika kuchokera m'sitolo.
• Sankhani phukusi lomwe ndi lozizira kukhudza ndikukhala bwino, lopanda mabowo kapena zokopa.
• Onani mtundu ndi kutha kwa nyama.
• Sungani nyama yaiwisi padera m'galimoto yanu kuti musadetsedwe, kapena kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya kuzinthu zina.
• Muzisungire mufiriji kapena kuzizira mukangofika kunyumba kapena mkati mwa maola awiri mutagula. Onetsetsani kuti firiji ili pansi pa 40 ° F (4 ° C).
• Sungani m'thumba pashelefu yotsika kwambiri kuti madzi ake asatuluke.
• Ikani nyama yankhuku m'firiji kuti izizizira mukamazengereza. Osasiya kutentha kwa maola oposa 2.
• Muzisere ndi zotsala zanu m'firiji m'kati mwa maola awiri mutaphika ndikuzidya pasanathe masiku 3-4.

Kumbukirani kusamba m'manja bwinobwino mukatha kugwira nyama yang'ombe, ndipo musaiwale malo anu owerengera a khitchini ndi ziwiya zanu.

Kusamalira ndi kusunga nyama yang'ombe moyenera kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Mfundo yofunika

Ng'ombe yapansi ndiyotchuka kwambiri koma imawonongeka kwambiri.

Njira zingapo zosavuta, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana kusintha kwa utoto, kununkhira, ndi kapangidwe kake, zitha kudziwa ngati ng'ombe yanu yayipa.

Ngakhale mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti nyama iwonongeke nthawi zambiri samakhala ovulaza, tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda titha kuchulukana tikayamba kuvuta. Kuti muchepetse matenda, muyenera kuphika nyama mosamala nthawi zonse ndikupewa kudya nyama yang'ombe yowonongeka kapena yosaphika.