Zomwe Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kukwera Kwa Mtengo Wodzipha Ku U.S.
Zamkati
- Kudzipha ndi Matenda a Mumtima
- The Technology Factor
- Zinthu Zina Zambirimbiri
- Chenjezo Loyambitsa: Kupatsirana kwa Kudzipha
- Mmene Mungachitire?
- Onaninso za
Sabata yatha, nkhani yakufa kwa anthu awiri otchuka komanso okonda chikhalidwe idagwedeza dziko.
Choyamba, Kate Spade, wazaka 55, yemwe adayambitsa dzina lake lodziwika bwino la mafashoni, adadzipha. Kenako, a Anthony Bourdain, a zaka 61, wophika wodziwika, wolemba, komanso bon vivant, adamwalira podzipha akujambula ziwonetsero zake za CNN, Magawo Osadziwika, ku France.
Kwa anthu awiri omwe amawoneka okhuta kwambiri, imfa zawo ndizovuta.
Zomwe zikuwonjezera kukhumudwa ndizopeza zatsopano zomwe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention idasindikiza sabata lomwelo. Kudzipha ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa ku US, ndipo chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa imfa pakati pa anthu azaka 10 mpaka 24, malinga ndi CDC. Choyipa chachikulu, manambala akukwera. Chiwerengero cha anthu odzipha chinawonjezeka pafupifupi m'madera onse kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2016, pamene mayiko 25 adawonjezeka ndi anthu odzipha oposa 30 peresenti.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti amuna ndi amene amachititsa anthu ambiri kudzipha m’dziko muno, kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi kumeneko kukucheperachepera, pamene chiwerengero cha amayi omwe amadzipha chikukwera. Chiwerengero cha kudzipha pakati pa anyamata ndi abambo chinawonjezeka ndi 21 peresenti, koma ndi 50 peresenti ya atsikana ndi amayi kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2016, malinga ndi National Center for Health Statistics. (Zokhudzana: Ndamaliza Kukhala Chete Zokhudza Kudzipha)
Pano, akatswiri amagawana nzeru pazaumoyo wa anthu onsewa, kuphatikizapo zomwe zingatheke kuti zithandize kuthana ndi ziwerengero zoopsazi.
Kudzipha ndi Matenda a Mumtima
Mwachidule, manambala ovutawo sangakhale chifukwa chimodzi chokha. Pali kusakanikirana kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chingakhale chothandizira pakukwera kwa chiwerengero, akutero Susan McClanahan, Ph.D., mkulu wa zachipatala ku Insight Behavioral Health Centers.
Chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu chomwe anthu ambiri amadzipha, ndi kupezeka kwa kukhumudwa kwamankhwala kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu, atero Lena Franklin, LCSW, katswiri wama psychotherapist ku Atlanta. "Pamene kupanda pake, kutaya chiyembekezo, ndi chisoni chofala, tanthauzo la moyo limatsika, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kudzipha."
Matenda ena amisala, monga matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, nkhawa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumunthu (makamaka m'malire aumunthu) zitha kukhudzanso malingaliro ofuna kudzipha, akutero a McClanahan.
Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo samalandira thandizo lomwe amafunikira-kapena amadziwa kuti ali nalo kukhala matenda amisala. Lipoti la CDC lidapeza kuti opitilira theka la anthu (54 peresenti) omwe adafa podzipha alibe chidziwitso (pankhaniyi, adapezeka) matenda amisala. Ndiye chifukwa chake kudzipha nthawi zambiri kumadabwitsa abale ndi abwenzi. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha manyazi omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda amisala, omwe amatha kulepheretsa anthu ambiri kupeza thandizo lomwe angafune, atero a McClanahan.
“Kukhoza kukhala kusalana ndi kusaphunzira,” akuwonjezera motero Joy Harden Bradford, Ph.D., katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi woyambitsa wa Therapy for Black Girls. "Nthawi zina anthu adakumana ndi zinthu zambiri m'miyoyo yawo mwakuti samazindikira ngakhale kupweteka kwawo kapena momwe zimakhudzira magwiridwe antchito tsiku ndi tsiku."
Komabe pali chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika. No wina sangadwale matenda amisala kapena malingaliro ndi zochita zodzipha, monga momwe imfa ya Bourdain ndi Spade ikusonyezera. Ngakhale sitikudziwa chomwe chidapangitsa kudzipha kwawo, kufa kwawo ndi umboni kuti kuchita bwino pachuma kapena kutchuka sikulepheretsa kukhala osasangalala, komanso sizitanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi ndalama adzafunafuna thandizo lomwe angafune. "Kuchuluka kwa ndalama sikuteteza kudzipha," akutero a Bradford. (Yokhudzana: Olivia Munn Adangotumiza Uthenga Wamphamvu Wokhudza Kudzipha Pa Instagram)
Koma sizingakane kuti kwa anthu ena ambiri omwe akuvutika mdziko lonselo, mtengo ungakhale chowayimitsa. Izi zachitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ndalama zaboma zothandizira zaumoyo m'zaka 10 zapitazi, akutero McClanahan. Kuyambira mchaka cha 2008, mayiko achepetsa ndalama zokwana madola 4 biliyoni zothandizira ntchitozi. “Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chithandizo chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, koma sitingathe kuthandiza anthu ngati sangalandire chithandizo,” adatero.
The Technology Factor
Choyambitsa china chingakhale zofuna wamba za miyoyo yathu lerolino, akutero Franklin. Monga momwe mungaganizire, kudzuka ndikuyang'ana maimelo, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, ndi Snapchat mobwerezabwereza-sikumachita zodabwitsa m'maganizo anu.
"Chikhalidwe chathu chakumadzulo chimadalira kwambiri ukadaulo komanso kulumikizana kwambiri, zomwe mosakayikira zimabweretsa kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa zomwe sizinachitikepo," akutero a Franklin. "Zokhudza thupi lathu sizimalumikizidwa kuti ziziwona kuchuluka kwa ntchito komanso moyo womwe timayembekezera kuchokera m'malingaliro ndi matupi athu tsiku lililonse."
Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti angakhale lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse, akutero Ashley Hampton, Ph.D., katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi mphunzitsi wamalonda. Ngakhale zimakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana ndi ena, kulumikizana kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira muyeso ndipo sikukupatsani malingaliro ofunda komanso osokonekera a oxytocin okhudzana ndimunthu.
Powona zokhazokha zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kwa inu-mwanjira ina, "chowonekera kwambiri" - chingakupangitseni kuti mumveke za moyo wanu, akuwonjezera Hampton. Ndipo "chikhalidwe cholumikizira" chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu azibwenzi sichikuthandizaninso kuti muzimva kuti ndinu ofunika, popeza amakonda kuwonetsa anthu kuti akhoza kusinthana ndi wina wina, akutero a McClanahan.
Pomaliza, kuyerekezera kosalekeza komwe makanema akukuyitanirani kuti mupange kumabweretsa chiopsezo chodzidalira komanso kuzunzika. Franklin amawona izi nthawi zambiri muzochita zake zogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro opangira malingaliro. "Ndikuwona achinyamata omwe amakhala okhumudwa pomwe samalandira 'zokonda' zambiri pazithunzi zawo za Instagram monga anzawo anzawo," akutero. Ndipo kudziona ngati wopanda pake kumatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa chiopsezo chodzipha. "
Zinthu Zina Zambirimbiri
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti "pali zinthu zambiri zosokoneza zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kusankha kudzipha zomwe timadziwa kuchokera kwa omwe sadzipha," akutero Hampton.
Ngakhale kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu amafa ndi kudzipha chitani ali ndi matenda amisala, njira zofufuzira m'maphunzirowa mwina ndizolakwika, atero Hampton. Pali zifukwa zambiri zoopsa zodzipha kupitirira matenda amisala.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena amadzipha mwangozi, anatero Hampton. "Izi zitha kuchitika ngati wina waledzera, mwachitsanzo, ndikusewera ndi mfuti yodzaza kapena atapanga zisankho zina zowopsa." Zosintha zina zitha kuphatikizira zoopsa pamoyo wa munthu, monga kutaya ntchito, kuwonongedwa nyumba, kumwalira kwa wokondedwa, kapena matenda akulu, akutero. (Hampton amalozeranso kuwonjezereka kwa kudzipha monga kusankha akapezeka ndi matenda osachiritsika, monga kudzipha mothandizidwa ndi dokotala.)
Zandale mdziko muno zitha kukhalanso ndi vuto, atero a Hampton, chifukwa kusayanjanaku kumatha kukhala kovuta kwa anthu omwe ali kale ndi mavuto, kapena matenda amisala.
Chenjezo Loyambitsa: Kupatsirana kwa Kudzipha
Wodziwika pagulu akamadzipha, pamakhala chiopsezo chotchedwa "kudzipha kopopera" kapena "kupatsirana kudzipha" kutsatira kufalitsa nkhani kwambiri. Lingaliro ili limathandizidwa ndi umboni wamatsenga komanso maphunziro angapo ofufuza, akutero Hampton. Pali umboni kuti izi zikuchitika pakadali pano: Ma foni akudzitchinjiriza adadzuka ndi 65% atamwalira a Spade ndi Bourdain.
Chodabwitsachi chimadziwika kuti Werther effect, chomwe chimatchedwa ngwazi mu buku la 1774 lolembedwa ndi Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Zisoni za Young Werther. Nkhaniyi ikutsatira mnyamata wina amene anadzipha chifukwa cha chikondi chosayenerera. Bukulo litafalitsidwa, akuti panawonjezeka kudzipha pakati pa anyamata.
Kuthekera kwa kudzipha kwa amphaka kumachulukitsidwa ndi nkhani zomwe "zimalimbikitsa" imfayo, kuphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wazithunzi, ndi/kapena zikupitirira kwa nthawi yaitali, akutero Hampton. Izi ndizomwe zidayambitsa chipolowe chozungulira chiwonetsero cha Netflix Zifukwa 13 Chifukwa, zomwe ena otsutsa amafuna kuti zichotsedwe. (Zokhudzana: Akatswiri Amayankhulira motsutsana "Zifukwa 13 Chifukwa" M'dzina la Kudzipha)
Mmene Mungachitire?
Zikuwoneka ngati vuto lalikulu kuthana nalo. Koma wokhala ndi chidziwitso chazizindikiro zodzipha, momwe mungayankhire, ndi komwe mungapeze thandizo-kaya mukukumana ndi mavuto kapena mukudziwa wina yemwe ali-aliyense atha kuthandizidwa ndikupeza thandizo.
Ndiye muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani? Zizindikiro zodzipha zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, atero a Hampton. Anthu ena amatha kukhumudwa ndikumva chisoni, mavuto akugona, kudziimba mlandu komanso kusowa chiyembekezo, komanso / kapena kudzipatula kwa ena.
Malinga ndi CDC, izi ndi zizindikiro 12 kuti wina angaganize zodzipha:
- Kudzimva ngati mtolo
- Kudzipatula
- Kuchuluka kwa nkhawa
- Kumva kuti watsekereza kapena kupweteka kwambiri
- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu
- Kufunafuna njira yolumikizira njira zakupha
- Kuchulukitsa mkwiyo kapena ukali
- Kusintha kwakukulu
- Kusonyeza kupanda chiyembekezo
- Kugona pang'ono kapena kwambiri
- Kuyankhula kapena kutumiza za kufuna kufa
- Kukonzekera zodzipha
Ngati mukuwona kuti wina akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chodzipha, tsatirani izi, zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi kampeni yodzipha # BeThe1To:
- Funsani mafunso. Mafunso onga "Mukuganiza zodzipha?" kapena "Ndingathandize bwanji?" amalankhula kuti ndinu omasuka kulankhula za izi. Onetsetsani kuti mufunse mwanjira yopanda kuweruza, ndikubwezera, mverani. Yesetsani kumvera osati zifukwa zawo zokha zoganiza zodzipha, komanso mverani zifukwa zokhalabe amoyo zomwe mutha kuwunikira.
- Asungeni bwino. Chotsatira, dziwani ngati adachitapo kanthu podzipha okha. Kodi ali ndi dongosolo lapadera? Kodi pali zomwe zachitapo kanthu? Ngati atha kupeza zinthu monga mfuti kapena mapiritsi, itanani oyang'anira kapena National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, yomwe ili pansipa.
- Khalani pamenepo. Kaya mutha kupezeka ndi winawake kapena kukhala nawo pafoni, kukhala nawo kungapulumutse moyo wa munthu wina. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti "kulumikizana" ndi anthu ena kumathandiza kupewa zodzipha, pomwe kudziona ngati "wotsika" kapena kudzipatula pagulu ndikofunikira pakulingalira zodzipha.
- Athandizeni kulumikizana. Kenako, athandizeni kupeza ena amene angawathandize pa nthawi yamavuto, kuti athe kukhazikitsa “ukonde” wowazungulira. Izi zitha kuphatikizira othandizira, abale, kapena othandizira ena mdera lawo.
- Londola. Kaya ndi voicemail, meseji, kuyimba, kapena kuchezera, tsatirani kuti munthuyo adziwe kuti mumasamala za momwe akuchitira, kupitiriza "kulumikizana."
Kuti musamalire thanzi lanu lamaganizidwe, Franklin akupereka lingaliro lodzisamalira-osati mtundu wa kuwira-kusamba-ndi-maski kokha.
- Pitani kukaonana ndi othandizira kuti azikukonzekererani nthawi zonse. (Umu ndi momwe mungapangire kuti mankhwala azigwira ntchito pa bajeti, ndi momwe mungapezere wothandizira wabwino kwambiri kwa inu.)
- Pangani gulu lachikondi, lothandizana ndi abwenzi komanso abale omwe mungadalire moyo ukakhala wachisokonezo komanso wopweteka.
- Yesetsani yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha. "Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti machitidwe am'maganizo amachepetsa zizindikiritso zosintha mwa kusintha ubale wathu ndi malingaliro olakwika ndikusintha thupi lathu," akutero. (Apa ndi pamene kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza-ndipo pamene mukuyenera kutenga chithandizo china.)
- Vomerezani zovuta za moyo. “Monga chitaganya, tiyenera kuvomereza zowawa zachibadwa ndi kuzunzika kwa moyo kuti tipewe kumamatira ku ungwiro,” akutero Franklin. "Kulimbana ndi zovuta pamoyo kumalimbikitsa kulemera kwake kochulukirapo m'malo mopititsa patsogolo kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pachikhalidwe chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso."
Ngati mukulimbana ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha kapena mwakhala mukuvutika maganizo kwakanthawi, itanani National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku 1-800-273-TALK (8255) kuti mulankhule ndi munthu yemwe angakuthandizeni mwaulere komanso mwachinsinsi maola 24 tsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata.