Kodi Mankhwala a Psychotropic Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Mfundo zachangu zamankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Chifukwa chiyani mankhwala a psychotropic amalembedwa?
• Makalasi ndi mayina amankhwala osokoneza bongo a psychotropic
• Magulu akulu azamankhwala osokoneza bongo a psychotropic, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, ndi zovuta zake
• Ma anti-nkhawa
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a SSRI
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• SNRI antidepressants
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• MAOI antidepressants
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Ma antipsychotic ofanana
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Zolimbitsa mtima
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Zolimbikitsa
• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Chenjezo
• Zowopsa ndi machenjezo amtundu wakuda wama psychotropics
• Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala
• Nkhani zalamulo zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Nthawi yoti mupeze chithandizo chadzidzidzi
• Mfundo yofunika

Psychotropic imafotokozera mankhwala aliwonse omwe amakhudza machitidwe, malingaliro, malingaliro, kapena malingaliro. Ndi ambulera yamankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe mumalandira komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Tidzakambirana za psychotropics yothandizidwa ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pano.

Kafukufuku wa National Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi Zaumoyo adapeza kuti mu 2018, achikulire 47 miliyoni azaka zopitilira 18 adanenanso za matenda amisala.

Awa ndi pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa akulu asanu ku United States. Oposa 11 miliyoni adanenanso kuti akudwala matenda amisala.

Maganizo ndi thanzi zimakhudza moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mankhwala a Psychotropic atha kukhala gawo lofunikira pazida zomwe zingatithandizire kukhala bwino.

Mfundo zachangu zamankhwala osokoneza bongo

• Psychotropics ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala omwe amathandizira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.
• Amagwira ntchito posintha magulu am'magazi, kapena ma neurotransmitters, monga dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, ndi serotonin.
• Pali mitundu isanu yayikulu yamankhwala osokoneza bongo a psychotropic:
  • anti-nkhawa
  • mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
  • mankhwala opatsirana
  • zolimbitsa mtima
  • zolimbikitsa
• Zina zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zoyipa ndikukhala ndi zofunikira pakuwunika ndi othandizira azaumoyo.

Chifukwa chiyani mankhwala a psychotropic amalembedwa?

Zina mwazomwe ma psychotropics amathandizira ndi monga:

• nkhawa
• kukhumudwa
• schizophrenia
• matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika
• mavuto ogona

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito posintha ma neurotransmitters kuti athetse vuto. Gulu lirilonse limagwira mosiyana, koma limafanana, nalonso.

Mtundu kapena mtundu wa mankhwala omwe dokotala amakupatsani zimadalira mtundu wa munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Mankhwala ena amafunikira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi milungu ingapo kuti awone zabwino zake.

Tiyeni tiwone pafupi za mankhwala a psychotropic ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Makalasi ndi mayina amankhwala osokoneza bongo a psychotropic

Magulu akulu azamankhwala osokoneza bongo a psychotropic, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, ndi zovuta zake

Tidzakambirana mwachidule makalasi ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe ma psychotropics amathandizira.

Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mukukumana nazo. Adzapeza njira zabwino zochiritsira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale bwino.

Izi zikuphatikiza zosankha zopanda chithandizo, monga chithandizo chazidziwitso.

Mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala a antipsychotic, amatha kutenga chithandizo kuti athetse vuto lazizindikiro. Ndikofunika kupatsa mankhwala mwayi wogwira ntchito musanayime.

Ma anti-nkhawa

Odana ndi nkhawa, kapena anxiolytics, amatha kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza phobia yokhudzana ndi kuyankhula pagulu. Angathandizenso:

• mavuto ogona
• mantha
• nkhawa

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Kalasiyi imadziwika kuti. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Ma BZD amagwira ntchito powonjezera milingo ya GABA muubongo, yomwe imapangitsa kupumula kapena kukhazikika. Amakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa, kuphatikiza kudalira komanso kusiya.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za BZDs ndi monga:

• chizungulire
• Kusinza
• chisokonezo
• kutaya bwino
• mavuto okumbukira
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupuma pang'ono

Chenjezo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala chizolowezi ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi. Sakuvomerezeka kwa masabata opitilira ochepa.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a SSRI

SSRIs imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukhumudwa. Zina mwa izo ndizo kusokonezeka kwakukulu ndi matenda osinthasintha zochitika.

Matenda okhumudwa amapitilira kumva chisoni kwa masiku ochepa. Ndi zizindikiro zosalekeza zomwe zimatenga milungu ingapo nthawi. Muthanso kukhala ndi zizindikilo zakuthupi, monga zovuta zakugona, kusowa kwa njala, komanso kupweteka kwa thupi.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

SSRIs imagwira ntchito poonjezera kuchuluka kwa serotonin yomwe imapezeka muubongo. SSRIs ndiye chisankho choyambirira cha mitundu yambiri yazokhumudwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za SSRIs ndizo:

• pakamwa pouma
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kusagona bwino
• kunenepa
• zovuta zakugonana

Chenjezo

Ma SSRI ena amatha kupangitsa kugunda kwa mtima. Ena akhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotuluka magazi ngati mukugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa magazi, monga nonsteroidal anti-kutupa mankhwala monga aspirin kapena warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).

SNRI antidepressants

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

SNRIs imathandizira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa koma imagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono ndi ma SSRIs. Amawonjezera zonse za dopamine ndi norepinephrine muubongo kuti athe kusintha zizindikilo. SNRI ikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa anthu ena ngati ma SSRI sanabweretse kusintha.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za SNRI ndizo:

• mutu
• chizungulire
• pakamwa pouma
• nseru
• kubvutika
• mavuto ogona
• nkhani zokhumba

Chenjezo

Mankhwalawa amatha kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kugunda kwa mtima. Ntchito yanu ya chiwindi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

MAOI antidepressants

Mankhwalawa ndi akale ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri masiku ano.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

MAOIs amathandizira kusintha kwa kukhumudwa powonjezera dopamine, norepinephrine, ndi ma serotonin muubongo.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za MAOIs ndi monga:

• nseru
• kusanza
• chizungulire
• kutsegula m'mimba
• pakamwa pouma
• kunenepa

Chenjezo

MAOIs omwe amatengedwa ndi zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi mankhwala a tyramine amatha kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhala owopsa. Tyramine imapezeka mumitundu yambiri ya tchizi, pickles, ndi vinyo wina.

Tricyclic antidepressants

Iyi ndi imodzi mwamagulu akale kwambiri opatsirana mankhwala omwe amapezeka pamsika. Amasungidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala atsopano sanakhale othandiza.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Tricyclics imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa serotonin ndi norepinephrine muubongo kusintha malingaliro.

Madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito ma tricyclic achizindikiro kuti athetse mavuto ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumatanthauza kuti mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ali ndi vuto la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pamkhalidwewo.

Zogulitsa zopanda ntchito zama tricyclic zimaphatikizapo:

• mantha amantha
• mutu waching'alang'ala
• kupweteka kosalekeza
• matenda osokoneza bongo

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:

• pakamwa pouma
• chizungulire
• Kusinza
• nseru
• kunenepa

Chenjezo

Magulu ena ayenera kupewa ma tricyclic. Izi zikuphatikiza anthu omwe ali ndi:

• khungu
• kukulitsa prostate
• nkhani za chithokomiro
• mavuto amtima

Mankhwalawa amatha kukweza shuga wamagazi. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Ma antipsychotic ofanana

Mankhwalawa amachiza zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi schizophrenia. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zina.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Ma antipsychotic amtunduwu amaletsa dopamine muubongo. Mankhwala oyamba antipsychotic mkalasi, chlorpromazine, adayambitsidwa kuposa. Ikugwiritsabe ntchito lero.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a antipsychotic ndi awa:

• kusawona bwino
• nseru
• kusanza
• kuvuta kugona
• nkhawa
• Kusinza
• kunenepa
• mavuto ogonana

Chenjezo

Gulu la mankhwalawa limayambitsa zovuta zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe zotchedwa zotsatira za extrapyramidal. Izi zitha kukhala zazikulu komanso zokhalitsa. Zikuphatikizapo:

• kunjenjemera
• nkhope yosasunthika
• kuuma minofu
• mavuto kusuntha kapena kuyenda

Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic

Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza schizophrenia.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a dopamine D2 ndi serotonin 5-HT2A receptor ntchito.

Madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito ma antipsychotic atypical kuchiza zizindikiro za:

• matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika
• kukhumudwa
• Matenda a Tourette

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ma antipsychotic atypical ali ndi ena. Izi zikuphatikiza chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha:

• matenda ashuga
• kuchuluka kwama cholesterol
• mavuto okhudzana ndi minofu
• kusuntha kosagwirizana, kuphatikizapo kutuluka kwa minofu, kunjenjemera
• sitiroko

Zotsatira zoyipa zama antipsychotic atypical ndi awa:

• chizungulire
• kudzimbidwa
• pakamwa pouma
• kusawona bwino
• kunenepa
• kugona

Chenjezo

Aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril), ndi quetiapine (Seroquel) ali ndi chenjezo lakuda lakuda pazokhudza chitetezo china. Pali chiopsezo chamalingaliro odzipha ndi machitidwe mwa anthu ochepera zaka 18 omwe amamwa imodzi mwa mankhwalawa.

Zolimbitsa mtima

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuthana ndi kukhumudwa ndi zovuta zina zam'maganizo, monga matenda amisala.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Njira zenizeni zokhazika mtima pansi sizimvetsetsedwa panobe. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa amatonthoza madera ena amubongo omwe amathandizira pakusintha kwamatenda a matenda osokoneza bongo ndi zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa zokhazika mtima pansi ndizo:

• chizungulire
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutopa
• mavuto am'mimba

Chenjezo

Impso zimachotsa lithiamu m'thupi, chifukwa chake impso ndi kuchuluka kwa lithiamu ziyenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi. Ngati muli ndi vuto la impso, dokotala angafunikire kusintha mlingo wanu.

Zolimbikitsa

Mankhwalawa makamaka amathandizira kuchepa kwa vuto la kuchepa kwa mphamvu (ADHD).

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Zolimbikitsa zimawonjezera dopamine ndi norepinephrine muubongo. Thupi limatha kukhala lodalira ngati ligwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za izi ndizo:

• mavuto ogona
• kusowa chakudya
• kuonda

Chenjezo

Zolimbikitsa zimatha kuwonjezera kugunda kwa mtima komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Sizingakhale zabwino kwambiri ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Zowopsa ndi machenjezo amtundu wakuda wama psychotropics

A FDA amafuna mankhwala ena kapena magulu azamankhwala. Izi zitha kukhala pazifukwa zitatu zazikulu:

1. Kuopsa kovulaza kuyenera kuyerekezedwa ndi zabwino zake musanagwiritse ntchito.
2. Kusintha kwa mlingo kungafunike kuti mupatsidwe mankhwala mosamala.
3. Gulu linalake la anthu, monga ana kapena amayi apakati, lingafunike kuwunika mwapadera kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino.

Nawa mankhwala ochepa ndi makalasi okhala ndi machenjezo a nkhonya. Ili si mndandanda wathunthu wa machenjezo. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala za zovuta zina za mankhwala ndi zoopsa zake:

• Aripiprazole (Abilify) ndi quetiapine (Seroquel) si FDA yovomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa aliyense wosakwana zaka 18 chifukwa cha chiopsezo chofuna kudzipha komanso malingaliro.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a antipsychotic kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala kumatha kuonjezera ngozi yakufa.
• Ma anti-depressants amatha kukulitsa malingaliro ofuna kudzipha mwa ana ndi achinyamata.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angayambitse kudalira komanso kuledzera.
• Mankhwala a Benzodiazepines omwe amatengedwa ndi mankhwala a opioid amatha kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha bongo.
• Clozapine (Clozaril) imatha kuyambitsa agranulocytosis, vuto lalikulu lamagazi. Muyenera kugwira ntchito yamagazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwama cell anu oyera. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa khunyu komanso mavuto amtima ndi kupuma, zomwe zitha kupha moyo.

Pewani kusakaniza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa. Makalasi ena, monga ma BZD, ma antidepressants, ndi mankhwala opatsirana ndi ma psychotic, amakhala ndi zotulukapo zochulukirapo ndi mowa. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto moyenera, kuzindikira, komanso kulumikizana. Zitha kupewanso kapena kusiya kupuma, zomwe zitha kupha moyo.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala

Mankhwala a Psychotropic amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ena, chakudya, mowa, komanso zinthu za pa-counter (OTC). Nthawi zonse uzani dokotala ndi wamankhwala mankhwala onse ndi zowonjezera zomwe mumamwa kuti mupewe zovuta.

Mankhwala olimbikitsa monga amphetamine amalumikizana ndi:

• SSRIs
• SNRIs
• MAOIs
• tricyclics
• lifiyamu

Kuphatikiza mankhwalawa kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lotchedwa serotonin syndrome. Ngati mukufuna kumwa mitundu yonse ya mankhwala, dokotala wanu amasintha mlingowu kuti apewe kuyanjana.

• Ana. Mankhwala ena a psychotropic ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatirapo mwa ana ndipo si FDA yomwe imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwa ana. Dokotala wanu amakambirana za zoopsa motsutsana ndi phindu la mankhwala enaake.
• Mimba. Pali zochepa zogwiritsa ntchito psychotropics panthawi yoyembekezera. Ubwino ndi zoopsa ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kwa munthu aliyense komanso mankhwala aliwonse. Mankhwala ena, monga BZDs ndi lithiamu, ndi owopsa panthawi yapakati. Ma SSRI ena amatha kuwonjezera ngozi zakubadwa ndi zilema. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa SNRI mu trimester yachiwiri kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikiritso m'mwana. Dokotala wanu ayenera kukuyang'anirani mosamala inu ndi mwana wanu ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma psychotropics.
• Okalamba okalamba. Mankhwala ena amatha kutenga nthawi kuti thupi lanu liwone ngati chiwindi kapena impso zanu sizikuyenda bwino. Mutha kukhala kuti mukumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo, omwe amatha kuyanjana kapena kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo kapena zovuta zina. Mlingo wanu ungafunike kusintha. Musanayambe mankhwala atsopano, onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana za mankhwala anu onse, kuphatikizapo mankhwala a OTC ndi zowonjezera, ndi dokotala wanu.

Nkhani zalamulo zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ma BZD ndi ma stimulants ndizoyang'anira zinthu chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa kudalira komanso kutha kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika.

Osagawana kapena kugulitsa mankhwala anu akuchipatala. Pali zilango zakuboma chifukwa chogulitsa kapena kugula mankhwalawa mosaloledwa.

Mankhwalawa amathanso kuyambitsa kudalira ndikubweretsa zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza, pitani ku National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku 800-273-TALK kuti muthandizidwe.

Kuti muthandizidwe ndikuphunzira zambiri zamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, pitani ku mabungwe awa:

• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (NA)
• National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo (NIDA)
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Ntchito Zoyang'anira Zaumoyo (SAMHSA)

Nthawi yoti mupeze chithandizo chadzidzidzi

Mankhwala a Psychotropic atha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa. Kwa anthu ena, zovuta zimatha kukhala zowopsa.

Itanani dokotala wanu kapena 911 nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi izi:

• Zizindikiro zanu zikuwonjezereka (kukhumudwa, nkhawa, mania)
• maganizo ofuna kudzipha
• mantha
• kubvutika
• kusakhazikika
• kusowa tulo
• kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kumva kukwiya, kukwiya, kuchita zachiwawa
• kuchita mopupuluma komanso kusintha kwina kulikonse pamakhalidwe
• kugwidwa

Mfundo yofunika

Psychotropics imaphimba gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yambiri yazizindikiro.

Onse amagwira ntchito pakusintha magawo a neurotransmitter kukuthandizani kuti mukhale bwino.

Mankhwala omwe dokotala amakupatsani amatengera zinthu zambiri, monga msinkhu wanu, matenda ena omwe mungakhale nawo, mankhwala ena omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito, komanso mbiri yakale yamankhwala.

Si mankhwala onse omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Ena amatenga nthawi. Khalani oleza mtima, ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati matenda anu akukula kwambiri.

Kambiranani njira zonse zamankhwala, kuphatikiza chidziwitso pakuwongolera machitidwe, ndi omwe amakuthandizani kuti akuthandizeni kukonza njira yabwino yosamalirira.