Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis ndi matenda omwe kutupa kumachitika m'mitsempha, mapapo, chiwindi, maso, khungu, ndi / kapena ziwalo zina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa sarcoidosis sizikudziwika. Zomwe zimadziwika ndikuti munthu akadwala matendawa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timatumba tambiri timapanga ziwalo zina za thupi. Granulomas ndi magulu a maselo amthupi.

Matendawa amatha kukhudza pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse. Amakonda kukhudza mapapu.

Madokotala amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi majini ena kumapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi sarcoidosis. Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matendawa ndi monga matenda omwe amabwera ndi mabakiteriya kapena ma virus. Kukhudzana ndi fumbi kapena mankhwala kungathenso kuyambitsa.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa America komanso azungu aku Scandinavia cholowa. Amayi ambiri kuposa amuna ali ndi matendawa.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 40. Sarcoidosis ndiyosowa mwa ana ang'onoang'ono.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi wachibale wapafupi yemwe ali ndi sarcoidosis ali pafupi kuthekera kasanu kuti athe kudwala.

Sipangakhale zizindikiro. Zizindikiro zikachitika, zimatha kutenga gawo lililonse la thupi kapena ziwalo.

Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe akhudzidwa ndi sarcoidosis ali ndi zizindikilo zam'mapapo kapena pachifuwa:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa (nthawi zambiri kuseri kwa fupa la m'mawere)
• Chifuwa chowuma
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kutsokomola magazi (osowa, koma owopsa)
  

Zizindikiro zakusowa kwakukulu zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Kupweteka kofanana kapena kupweteka (arthralgia)
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Zizindikiro za khungu zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutaya tsitsi
• Zilonda zakhungu zotukuka, zofiira, zolimba (erythema nodosum), pafupifupi nthawi zonse kutsogolo kwa miyendo yakumunsi
• Kutupa
• Mabala omwe amakula kapena kutupa

Zizindikiro zamanjenje zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Mutu
• Kugwidwa
• Kufooka mbali imodzi ya nkhope

Zizindikiro zamaso zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kuwotcha
• Kutuluka kuchokera m'diso
• Maso owuma
• Kuyabwa
• Ululu
• Kutaya masomphenya

Zizindikiro zina za matendawa ndi monga:

• Pakamwa pouma
• Kukomoka, ngati mtima ukukhudzidwa
• Kutuluka magazi
• Kutupa kumtunda kwa mimba
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Kutupa kwa miyendo ngati mtima ndi mapapo zikukhudzidwa
• Nyimbo yachilendo ngati mtima ukukhudzidwa

Wothandizira zaumoyo amayeza thupi ndikufunsa za zizindikilozo.

Mayeso osiyanasiyana ojambula angathandize kuzindikira sarcoidosis:

• X-ray pachifuwa kuti awone ngati mapapo akukhudzidwa kapena ma lymph node adakulitsidwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa
• Lung gallium scan (sachita zambiri pano)
• Kuyerekeza kuyesa kwa ubongo ndi chiwindi
• Echocardiogram kapena MRI yamtima

Kuti mupeze vutoli, pakufunika biopsy. Nthawi zambiri mapapu amagwiritsa ntchito bronchoscopy. Zamoyo zamatenda ena amthupi zimatha kuchitidwanso.

Mayeso otsatirawa a labu atha kuchitika:

• Magulu a calcium (mkodzo, ionized, magazi)
• Zamgululi
• Immunoelectrophoresis
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Kuchuluka kwa ma immunoglobulins
• Phosphorus
• Angiotensin amatembenuza enzyme (ACE)

Zizindikiro za Sarcoidosis nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino popanda chithandizo.

Ngati maso, mtima, dongosolo lamanjenje, kapena mapapo zimakhudzidwa, corticosteroids nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa. Mankhwalawa angafunike kumwa kwa zaka 1 kapena 2.

Mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi zina amafunikanso.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamtima kapena lamapapo (matenda omaliza) angafunike kumuika thupi.

Ndi sarcoidosis yomwe imakhudza mtima, chofunikira cha cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) chitha kufunikira kuti chithetse mavuto amtundu wa mtima.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi sarcoidosis samadwala kwambiri, ndipo amakhala bwino popanda chithandizo. Mpaka theka la anthu onse omwe ali ndi matendawa amachira pazaka zitatu osalandira chithandizo. Anthu omwe mapapu awo akhudzidwa amatha kuwonongeka m'mapapu.

Kuchuluka kwaimfa kuchokera ku sarcoidosis ndikosakwana 5%. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi izi:

• Magazi kuchokera m'mapapo minofu
• Kuwonongeka kwa mtima, komwe kumabweretsa kulephera kwa mtima komanso nyimbo zosadziwika bwino
• Zilonda zam'mapapo (pulmonary fibrosis)

Sarcoidosis ingayambitse mavuto awa:

• Matenda a m'mapapo (aspergillosis)
• Glaucoma ndi khungu kuchokera ku uveitis (kawirikawiri)
• Impso miyala yochokera kashiamu wambiri m'magazi kapena mkodzo
• Osteoporosis ndi zovuta zina zakumwa kwa corticosteroids kwa nthawi yayitali
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo (pulmonary hypertension)

Imbani wothandizira wanu mwachangu ngati muli ndi:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• Masomphenya akusintha
• Zizindikiro zina za matendawa

• Matenda am'mapapo - akulu - amatulutsa

• Sarcoid, gawo I - x-ray pachifuwa
• Sarcoid, gawo II - x-ray pachifuwa
• Sarcoid, gawo IV - x-ray pachifuwa
• Sarcoid - kutseka kwa zotupa pakhungu
• Erythema nodosum yokhudzana ndi sarcoidosis
• Sarcoidosis - kutseka
• Sarcoidosis pa chigongono
• Sarcoidosis pamphuno ndi pamphumi
• Dongosolo kupuma

Iannuzzi MC. Sarcoidosis. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 89.

Judson MA, Morgenthau AS, Baughman RP. Sarcoidosis. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 66.

Soto-Gomez N, Peters JI, AM wa Nambiar AM. Kuzindikira ndikuwongolera sarcoidosis. Ndi Sing'anga wa Fam. 2016; 93 (10): 840-848. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 27175719 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175719.