Cholera

Cholera ndimatenda omwe amayambitsa matenda otsekula m'madzi ambiri.

Cholera imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya Vibrio cholerae. Mabakiteriyawa amatulutsa poizoni yemwe amachititsa kuti madzi ochulukirapo atuluke m'maselo oyenda m'matumbo. Kuwonjezeka kwa madzi kumabweretsa kutsegula m'mimba.

Anthu amatenga matendawa pakudya kapena kumwa chakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka kolera. Kukhala kapena kupita kumadera omwe kolera amapezeka kumabweretsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Cholera imachitika m'malo osowa madzi kapena zimbudzi, kapena kuchuluka, nkhondo, ndi njala. Malo omwe cholera amapezeka ndi awa:

• Africa
• Madera ena ku Asia
• India
• Bangladesh
• Mexico
• South ndi Central America

Zizindikiro za kolera zimatha kukhala zochepa mpaka zovuta. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Ziwalo zam'mimba zowuma kapena pakamwa pouma
• Khungu louma
• Ludzu lokwanira
• Galasi kapena maso otayika
• Kusowa misozi
• Kukonda
• Kutulutsa mkodzo wotsika
• Nseru
• Kutaya madzi mwachangu
• Kutentha mwachangu (kugunda kwa mtima)
• Sunken "malo ofewa" (fontanelles) m'makanda
• Kugona kwachilendo kapena kutopa
• Kusanza
• Kutsekula m'madzi komwe kumayamba modzidzimutsa ndikukhala ndi fungo la "nsomba"

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• Chikhalidwe chopondapo ndi banga la Gram

Cholinga cha mankhwala ndikubwezeretsa madzi amchere ndi mchere womwe watayika kudzera m'mimba. Kutsekula m'mimba ndi kutayika kwamadzimadzi kumathamanga komanso mopitirira muyeso. Kungakhale kovuta m'malo mwa madzi otayika.

Kutengera ndi momwe muliri, mutha kupatsidwa madzi amamwa pakamwa kapena kudzera mumitsempha (intravenous, kapena IV). Maantibayotiki amatha kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe mukudwala.

Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) lapanga mapaketi amchere osakanikirana ndi madzi oyera kuti athandizire kubwezeretsa madzi. Izi ndi zotchipa komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa madzi amtundu wa IV. Maphukusiwa tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumatha kufa. Anthu ambiri adzachira atapatsidwa madzi okwanira.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri
• Imfa

Itanani odwala anu ngati mutsekula m'mimba kwambiri. Imbani foni ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zakusowa madzi m'thupi, kuphatikiza:

• Pakamwa pouma
• Khungu louma
• Maso "agalasi"
• Palibe misozi
• Kutentha mwachangu
• Kuchepetsa mkodzo kapena ayi
• Maso otupa
• Ludzu
• Kugona kwachilendo kapena kutopa

Pali katemera wa kolera kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 64 omwe akupita kudera lomwe kuli matenda a kolera. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention silimbikitsa katemera wa kolera kwa ambiri apaulendo chifukwa anthu ambiri samapita kumadera omwe kolera amapezeka.

Apaulendo ayenera kusamala nthawi zonse akamadya chakudya ndi madzi akumwa, ngakhale atalandira katemera.

Pakabuka matenda a kolera, akuyenera kuyesetsa kukhazikitsa madzi oyera, chakudya, ndi ukhondo. Katemera siothandiza kuthana ndi mliri.

• Dongosolo m'mimba
• Zakudya zam'mimba ziwalo
• Mabakiteriya

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Cholera - Vibrio cholerae matenda. www.cdc.gov/cholera/vaccines.html. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 15, 2018. Idapezeka pa Meyi 14, 2020.

Gotuzzo E, Nyanja C. Cholera ndi matenda ena a vibrio. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 286.

Tsamba la United Nations World Health Organisation. Zolemba za WHO pamchere wam'madzi obwezeretsanso m'kamwa kuti muchepetse imfa za kolera. www.who.int/cholera/technical/en. Idapezeka pa Meyi 14, 2020.

Waldor MK, Ryan ET. Vibrio cholerae. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 214.