Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chithokomiro chimapanga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Matendawa amatchedwa chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso.

Chithokomiro ndi gawo lofunikira la dongosolo la endocrine. Ili kutsogolo kwa khosi pamwambapa pomwe makola anu amiyendo amakumana. Gland imapangitsa mahomoni omwe amayang'anira momwe selo iliyonse mthupi imagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Izi zimatchedwa metabolism.

Matenda ambiri ndi mikhalidwe imatha kuyambitsa hyperthyroidism, kuphatikiza:

• Matenda a manda (omwe amayambitsa matenda a hyperthyroidism)
• Kutupa (thyroiditis) kwa chithokomiro chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, mankhwala ena, kapena pambuyo pathupi (wamba)
• Kutenga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro (wamba)
• Kukula kosafalikira kwa chithokomiro kapena chithokomiro (chosowa)
• Zotupa zina za ma testes kapena thumba losunga mazira (osowa)
• Kupeza mayeso azachipatala ndi utoto wosiyana womwe uli ndi ayodini (wosowa, komanso pokhapokha ngati pali vuto la chithokomiro)
• Kudya zakudya zambiri zomwe zili ndi ayodini (ndizosowa kwambiri, ndipo pokhapokha ngati pali vuto la chithokomiro)

Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Nkhawa
• Zovuta kukhazikika
• Kutopa
• Kuyenda pafupipafupi
• Goiter (chithokomiro chokulitsa chowoneka bwino) kapena mitsempha ya chithokomiro
• Kutaya tsitsi
• Kugwedeza kwamanja
• Tsankho kutentha
• Kuchuluka chilakolako
• Kuchuluka thukuta
• Kusamba kosasamba kwa amayi
• Kusintha kwa misomali (makulidwe kapena kupindika)
• Mantha
• Kugunda kapena kuthamanga kwa mtima (kugunda)
• Kusakhazikika
• Mavuto ogona
• Kuchepetsa thupi (kapena kunenepa, nthawi zina)

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi matendawa:

• Kukula kwa m'mawere mwa amuna
• Khungu lachikopa
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Kumva kukomoka mukakweza manja anu
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kuyabwa kapena kukwiya
• Khungu loyabwa
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Maso otuluka (exophthalmos)
• Khungu kutuluka kapena kuthamanga
• Kutupa khungu pakhungu
• Kufooka kwa m'chiuno ndi mapewa

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mayeso atha kupeza izi:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa systolic (nambala yoyamba pakuwerenga kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi)
• Kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima
• Kukula kwa chithokomiro
• Kugwirana chanza
• Kutupa kapena kutupa mozungulira maso
• Maganizo olimba kwambiri
• Khungu, tsitsi, ndi msomali zimasintha

Kuyezetsa magazi kulamulidwanso kuti muyese mahomoni anu a chithokomiro TSH, T3, ndi T4.

Muthanso kuyesa magazi kuti muwone:

• Mulingo wa cholesterol
• Shuga
• Mayeso apadera a chithokomiro monga chithokomiro cha anti-receptor (TRAb) kapena Chithokomiro Cholimbikitsa Immunoglobulin (TSI)

Kuyerekeza kuyesa kwa chithokomiro kungafunikirenso, kuphatikizapo:

• Kutulutsa ndi ayodini kwama radioactive
• Chithokomiro ultrasound (kawirikawiri)

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikilo.Hyperthyroidism nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:

• Mankhwala a Antithyroid (propylthiouracil kapena methimazole) omwe amachepetsa kapena kuletsa zovuta za mahomoni owonjezera a chithokomiro
• Mankhwala a ayodini owononga chithokomiro ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni
• Opaleshoni kuchotsa chithokomiro

Ngati chithokomiro chanu chimachotsedwa ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena kuwonongedwa ndi ayodini wa radioactive, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Mankhwala otchedwa beta-blockers atha kupatsidwa mankhwala kuti athetse matenda monga kugunda kwamtima, kunjenjemera, thukuta, ndi nkhawa mpaka hyperthyroidism itha kuwongoleredwa.

Hyperthyroidism imachiritsidwa. Zina mwazifukwa zimatha popanda chithandizo.

Hyperthyroidism yoyambitsidwa ndi matenda a manda nthawi zambiri imawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Ili ndi zovuta zambiri, zina zomwe ndizovuta ndipo zimakhudza moyo wabwino.

Mavuto a chithokomiro (mkuntho) ndikuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikilo za hyperthyroidism zomwe zimatha kuchitika ndi matenda kapena kupsinjika. Fever, kuchepa kwachangu, komanso kupweteka m'mimba kumatha kuchitika. Anthu amafunika kuthandizidwa kuchipatala.

Zovuta zina za hyperthyroidism ndi izi:

• Mavuto amtima monga kugunda kwamtima, mtima wosagwirizana, komanso kulephera kwa mtima
• Kufooka kwa mafupa
• Matenda amaso (masomphenya awiri, zilonda zam'mimba, kutaya masomphenya)

Zovuta zokhudzana ndi opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo:

• Kusweka kwa khosi
• Hoarseness chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ku bokosi lamawu
• Mulingo wochepa wa calcium chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma gland a parathyroid (omwe ali pafupi ndi chithokomiro)
• Hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito)

Kusuta fodya kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina za hyperthyroidism.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism. Pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kapena itanani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati muli:

• Sinthani kuzindikira
• Chizungulire
• Mofulumira, kugunda kwamtima mosasinthasintha

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukuchiritsidwa ndi hyperthyroidism ndipo mumayamba kukhala ndi vuto la chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito, kuphatikiza:

• Matenda okhumudwa
• Ulesi wamaganizidwe ndi thupi
• Kulemera

Thyrotoxicosis; Chithokomiro chopitirira muyeso; Manda matenda - hyperthyroidism; Chithokomiro - hyperthyroidism; Poizoni goiter - hyperthyroidism; Chikhodzodzo mitsempha - hyperthyroidism; Chithokomiro timadzi - hyperthyroidism

• Chithokomiro kuchotsa - kumaliseche

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Chiwombankhanga
• Ulalo wa chithokomiro chaubongo
• Chithokomiro

Hollenberg A, Wersinga WM. Matenda a Hyperthyroid. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 12.

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, ndi ena. Malangizo a 2016 American Thyroid Association othandizira kudziwa ndi kuwongolera hyperthyroidism ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a thyrotoxicosis. Chithokomiro. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. PMID: 27521067 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.

Wang TS, Sosa JA. Kuwongolera kwa hyperthyroidism. Mu: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, olemba., Eds. Chithandizo Chamakono Cha Opaleshoni. Wolemba 13. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 767-774.

Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 78.