Reflux nephropathy

Reflux nephropathy ndi vuto lomwe impso zimawonongeka ndikubwerera mkodzo mu impso.

Mkodzo umayenda kuchokera ku impso iliyonse kudzera mumachubu wotchedwa ureters ndikufika m'chikhodzodzo. Chikhodzodzo chikadzaza, chimafinya ndikutumiza mkodzo kudzera mu mtsempha wa mkodzo. Palibe mkodzo womwe uyenera kubwerera mu ureter pamene chikhodzodzo chikufinya. Ureter aliyense amakhala ndi valavu yopita komwe imalowa mchikhodzodzo yomwe imalepheretsa mkodzo kubwerera kumbuyo kwa ureter.

Koma mwa anthu ena, mkodzo umathanso kubwerera ku impso. Izi zimatchedwa Reflux ya vesicoureteral.

Popita nthawi, impso zitha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka ndi izi. Izi zimatchedwa Reflux nephropathy.

Reflux imatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ma ureters awo samalumikizana bwino ndi chikhodzodzo kapena omwe ma valve awo sagwira ntchito bwino. Ana atha kubadwa ndi vutoli kapena atha kukhala ndi zovuta zina zoberekera zamkodzo zomwe zimayambitsa Reflux nephropathy.

Reflux nephropathy imatha kuchitika ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mkodzo, kuphatikiza:

• Kutsekemera kwa chikhodzodzo, monga prostate wokulitsa mwa amuna
• Miyala ya chikhodzodzo
• Chikhodzodzo cha Neurogenic, chomwe chimatha kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis, kuvulala kwa msana, matenda ashuga, kapena machitidwe ena amanjenje

Reflux nephropathy itha kuchitika chifukwa cha kutupa kwa ureters pambuyo poumba impso kapena kuvulala mpaka ureter.

Zowopsa za Reflux nephropathy ndizo:

• Zovuta zam'mikodzo
• Mbiri yaumwini kapena yabanja yapa vesicoureteral reflux
• Bwerezani matenda amkodzo

Anthu ena alibe zizindikilo za Reflux nephropathy. Vutoli limapezeka pamene kuyezetsa impso kumachitika pazifukwa zina.

Ngati zizindikiro zikuchitika, zitha kukhala zofanana ndi izi:

• Kulephera kwa impso
• Matenda a Nephrotic
• Matenda a mkodzo

Reflux nephropathy imapezeka nthawi zambiri mwana akamayang'aniridwa ngati ali ndi matenda obwereza chikhodzodzo. Ngati Reflux ya vesicoureteral ipezeka, abale ake a mwanayo amathanso kuwunikidwa, chifukwa Reflux imatha kuthamanga m'mabanja.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kukhala kwakukulu, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zizindikilo za matenda a nthawi yayitali (osachiritsika) a impso.

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kudzachitika, ndipo kungaphatikizepo:

• BUN - magazi
• Creatinine - magazi
• Chilolezo cha Creatinine - mkodzo ndi magazi
• Kukodza kwam'mimba kapena maphunziro a mkodzo a maola 24
• Chikhalidwe cha mkodzo

Kuyerekeza mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• M'mimba mwa CT scan
• Chikhodzodzo ultrasound
• Mitsempha yotchedwa pyelogram (IVP)
• Impso ultrasound
• Radionuclide cystogram
• Kubwezeretsanso piyama
• Kutulutsa cystourethrogram

Reflux ya Vesicoureteral imagawika m'magulu asanu osiyanasiyana. Reflux yosavuta kapena yofatsa nthawi zambiri imagwera kalasi I kapena II. Kukula kwa Reflux ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso kumathandiza kudziwa chithandizo.

Reflux ya vesicoureteral yosavuta, yotchedwa reflux yoyamba imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi:

• Maantibayotiki omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse kuti ateteze matenda amkodzo
• Kusamala mosamala za ntchito ya impso
• Zikhalidwe zobwereza mkodzo
• Ultrasound pachaka cha impso

Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa impso. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kupereka mankhwala kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa magazi. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ndi angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imangogwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana omwe sanalandire chithandizo chamankhwala.

Reflux yowopsa kwambiri imafunikira kuchitidwa opaleshoni, makamaka kwa ana omwe samvera chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuchita opareshoni kuti mubwezeretse ureter mu chikhodzodzo (ureteral reimplantation) kumatha kuyimitsa reflux nephropathy nthawi zina.

Reflux yowopsa ingafune kuchitidwa opaleshoni yomangidwanso. Kuchita opaleshoni kotereku kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka komanso kuopsa kwa matenda amkodzo.

Ngati zingafunike, anthu adzalandira chithandizo cha matenda a impso.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera kukula kwa Reflux. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi Reflux nephropathy sataya ntchito ya impso pakapita nthawi, ngakhale impso zawo zawonongeka. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa impso kungakhale kwamuyaya. Ngati pali impso imodzi yokha, impso zinazo ziyenera kugwira ntchito bwino.

Reflux nephropathy ingayambitse impso kulephera kwa ana ndi akulu.

Zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha vutoli kapena chithandizo chake ndi monga:

• Kutsekeka kwa ureter pambuyo pa opaleshoni
• Matenda a impso
• Matenda opitilira muyeso kapena obwereza
• Kulephera kwa impso ngati impso zonse zikukhudzidwa (zitha kupita patsogolo mpaka kumapeto kwa matenda a impso)
• Matenda a impso
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Matenda a Nephrotic
• Reflux yolimbikira
• Kukula kwa impso

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Khalani ndi zizindikiro za Reflux nephropathy
• Khalani ndi zizindikiro zina zatsopano
• Akupanga mkodzo wochepa kuposa momwe umakhalira

Kuchiza mwachangu zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kukodza kwa mkodzo mu impso kumatha kupewa Reflux nephropathy.

Matenda atrophic pyelonephritis; Reflux ya Vesicoureteric; Nephropathy - Reflux; Reflux wamtundu

• Thirakiti lachikazi
• Njira yamkodzo wamwamuna
• Kutulutsa cystourethrogram
• Reflux wamatsenga

Bakkaloglu SA, Schaefer F. Matenda a impso ndi kwamikodzo mwa ana. Mu: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 74.

Mathews R, Mattoo TK. Reflux yoyamba ya vesicoureteral ndi Reflux nephropathy. Mu: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, olemba. Chachikulu Chachipatala Nephrology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 61.