Khansa ya m'magazi (ALL)

Khansa ya m'magazi yotchedwa lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ndi khansa yomwe ikukula mwachangu yamtundu wamagazi oyera wotchedwa lymphoblast.

ZONSE zimachitika pamene fupa limatulutsa ma lymphoblast ambiri osakhwima. Mafupa ndi minofu yofewa yomwe ili pakatikati pa mafupa yomwe imathandizira kupanga maselo onse amwazi. Ma lymphoblast achilendo amakula mwachangu ndikusintha maselo abwinobwino m'mafupa. ZONSE zimaletsa maselo athanzi kuti asapangidwe. Zizindikiro zowopsa pamoyo zimatha kuchitika ngati kuchuluka kwamagazi kumatsika.

Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chomveka chomwe chingapezeke kwa ONSE.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza pakukula kwa mitundu yonse ya khansa ya m'magazi:

• Mavuto ena a chromosome
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi radiation, kuphatikiza x-ray asanabadwe
• Mankhwala akale ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy
• Kulandila mafupa
• Poizoni, monga benzene

Zinthu izi zikudziwika kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo kwa ONSE:

• Down syndrome kapena matenda ena amtundu
• M'bale kapena mlongo yemwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi

Mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi nthawi zambiri umakhudza ana azaka zapakati pa 3 mpaka 7. YONSE ndi khansa yofala kwambiri yaubwana, koma imathanso kupezeka kwa akuluakulu.

ZONSE zimapangitsa munthu kutuluka magazi ndikumadwala matenda. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa
• Kuvulaza kosavuta ndi kutuluka magazi (monga magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi pakhungu, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, nthawi zosazolowereka)
• Kumva kufooka kapena kutopa
• Malungo
• Kuchepa kwa njala ndi kuonda
• Khungu
• Zowawa kapena kumverera kwodzaza pansi pa nthiti kuchokera pachiwindi chowonjezeka kapena ndulu
• Onetsani mawanga ofiira pakhungu (petechiae)
• Kutupa ma lymph nodes m'khosi, pamanja, ndi kubuula
• Kutuluka thukuta usiku

Zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika ndi zinthu zina. Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo za tanthauzo la zizindikiro zina.

Wothandizira adzayesa thupi ndikufunsani za matenda anu.

Kuyezetsa magazi kungaphatikizepo:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC), kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwama cell oyera (WBC)
• Kuwerengera kwa Platelet
• Kutupa kwa mafupa
• Lumbar puncture (tap tap) kuti muwone ngati ma cell a leukemia mumtsempha wamtsempha

Mayesero amachitidwanso kuti ayang'ane kusintha kwa DNA mkati mwa maselo oyera oyera. Kusintha kwina kwa DNA kumatha kudziwa momwe munthu amachitira bwino (prognosis), ndi mtundu wanji wamankhwala omwe angalimbikitsidwe.

Cholinga choyamba cha mankhwala ndikubwezeretsa kuwerengetsa magazi. Izi zikachitika ndipo mafuta am'mafupa amawoneka athanzi pansi pa microscope, khansa imati ikhululukidwa.

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe amayesedwa ndi cholinga chofuna kukhululukidwa.

• Munthuyo angafunike kukhala mchipatala kuti amuthandize. Kapena atha kuperekedwa kuchipatala ndipo munthuyo amapita kwawo pambuyo pake.
• Chemotherapy imaperekedwa m'mitsempha (ya IV) ndipo nthawi zina mumadzimadzi ozungulira ubongo (msana wamtsempha).

Chikhululukiro chikakwaniritsidwa, mankhwala ambiri amaperekedwa kuti akwaniritse. Mankhwalawa atha kuphatikizira chemotherapy yambiri ya IV kapena radiation kuubongo. Stem cell kapena, mafuta a m'mafupa, kumuika munthu wina kumathandizanso. Chithandizo china chimadalira:

• Zaka ndi thanzi la munthu
• Kusintha kwa majini m'maselo a khansa ya m'magazi
• Zinatenga maphunziro angati a chemotherapy kuti akhululukidwe
• Ngati maselo osadziwika apezekabe pansi pa microscope
• Kupezeka kwa omwe amapereka chifukwa chakuyika maselo am'magazi

Inu ndi wothandizira wanu mungafunike kuthana ndi mavuto ena mukamalandira khansa ya m'magazi, kuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi chemotherapy kunyumba
• Kusamalira ziweto zanu pa chemotherapy
• Mavuto okhetsa magazi
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kudya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira
• Kudya mosamala panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo amakhala bwino. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ZONSE amatha kuchiritsidwa. Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa achikulire.

Matenda onse a m'magazi komanso mankhwalawa amatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri monga kutaya magazi, kuchepa thupi, ndi matenda.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukuyamba kukhala ndi ZONSE.

Chiwopsezo chotenga ZONSE chitha kuchepetsedwa popewa kukhudzana ndi poizoni, radiation, ndi mankhwala.

ZONSE; Pachimake lymphoblastic khansa ya m'magazi; Pachimake lymphoid khansa ya m'magazi; Pachimake khansa khansa; Cancer - pachimake khansa khansa (ZONSE); Khansa ya m'magazi - pachimake ubwana (ONSE); Khansa ya m'magazi ya lymphocytic

• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa - kutulutsa
• Kudya ma calories owonjezera mukamadwala - akuluakulu
• Kutulutsa pakamwa ndi m'khosi - kutulutsa
• Oral mucositis - kudzisamalira
• Mukakhala ndi nseru ndi kusanza

• Kukhumba kwamfupa
• Khansa ya m'magazi ya lymphocytic - photomicrograph
• Auer ndodo
• Mafupa a m'chiuno
• Ma chitetezo amthupi

Carroll WL, Bhatla T. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mu: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton JM, Fish JD, olemba. Lanzkowsky's Manual of Pediatric Hematology ndi Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Cambridge, MA: Atolankhani a Elsevier Academic; 2016: mutu 18.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo chachikulire cha lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-all-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 22, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Kuchiza kwamankhwala oopsa a lymphoblastic leukemia (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa February 6, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.

Tsamba la National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Malangizo azachipatala a NCCN mu oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mtundu 4.2017. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 15, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 13, 2020.