Mliri

Mliri ndi matenda oyambilira a bakiteriya omwe amatha kupha.

Mliri umayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Yersinia pestis. Makoswe, monga makoswe, amanyamula matendawa. Imafalikira ndi utitiri wawo.

Anthu amatha kutenga mliri akamalumidwa ndi utitiri womwe umanyamula mabakiteriya a mliriwu kuchokera ku khoswe wodwala. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amatenga matendawa akamagwira nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka.

Mliri wa m'mapapo umatchedwa mliri wa chibayo. Ikhoza kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu. Munthu wodwala chibayo akatsokomola, timadontho tating'onoting'ono tonyamula mabakiteriya timayenda mlengalenga. Aliyense amene amapuma tinthu timeneti atha kutenga matendawa. Mliri ungayambike motere.

Ku Middle Ages ku Europe, miliri yayikulu idapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Mliri sunathetsedwe. Zitha kupezeka ku Africa, Asia, ndi South America.

Masiku ano, mliri ndi wosowa ku United States. Koma amadziwika kuti amapezeka m'malo a California, Arizona, Colorado, ndi New Mexico.

Mitundu itatu yofala kwambiri ya miliri ndi iyi:

• Mliri wa Bubonic, matenda am'mimba
• Chibayo cha chibayo, matenda am'mapapo
• Mliri wa septic, matenda amwazi

Nthawi yokhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi masiku awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu. Koma nthawiyo ikhoza kukhala yaifupi ngati tsiku limodzi la mliri wa chibayo.

Zowopsa za mliri zimaphatikizira kulumidwa ndi utitiri waposachedwa komanso kukhudzana ndi makoswe, makamaka akalulu, agologolo, kapena agalu am'misewu, kapena kukanda kapena kulumidwa ndi amphaka oweta.

Zizindikiro za mliri wa Bubonic zimawoneka modzidzimutsa, kawirikawiri masiku awiri kapena asanu mutakumana ndi mabakiteriya. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Kumva kudwala (malaise)
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kugwidwa
• Kutupa kosalala, kopweteka kwam'matumbo kotchedwa bubo komwe kumapezeka m'mabowomo, koma kumatha kupezeka m'khwapa kapena m'khosi, nthawi zambiri pamalo pomwe pamakhala matenda (kuluma kapena kukanda); ululu ungayambe kutupa kusanachitike

Zizindikiro za mliri wa chibayo zimawoneka mwadzidzidzi, masiku 1 mpaka 4 atadwala. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Chifuwa chachikulu
• Kuvuta kupuma ndi kupweteka pachifuwa mukamapuma kwambiri
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Mutu
• Wosakhwima, sputum wamagazi

Mliri wa Septic ungayambitse imfa ngakhale zizindikiro zoyipa zisanachitike. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutaya magazi chifukwa chamavuto a magazi
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Malungo
• Nseru, kusanza

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufufuza ndikufunsa za zizindikiro zanu.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• Chikhalidwe cha lymph node aspirate (madzi otengedwa kuchokera ku lymph node kapena bubo)
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum
• X-ray pachifuwa

Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ayenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati chithandizo sichilandiridwa mkati mwa maola 24 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zimachitika, chiopsezo cha imfa chimakula.

Maantibayotiki monga streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, kapena ciprofloxacin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza mliri. Nthawi zambiri amafunikiranso kuti akhale ndi oxygen, madzi am'mitsempha, komanso chithandizo cha kupuma.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chibayo ayenera kukhala kutali ndi omwe amawasamalira komanso odwala ena. Anthu omwe adalumikizana ndi aliyense amene adwala matenda a chibayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndikupatsidwa maantibayotiki ngati njira yodzitetezera.

Popanda chithandizo, pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi mliri wa bubonic amamwalira. Pafupifupi aliyense amene ali ndi mliri wa septicic kapena chibayo amamwalira ngati sanalandire chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa imfa mpaka 50%.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukudwala matenda atagwidwa ndi utitiri kapena makoswe. Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mumakhala kapena mwapita kudera komwe kumachitika mliri.

Kulamulira makoswe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti matendawa ali m'gulu la mbewa zakutchire ndi njira zazikuluzikulu zochepetsera kufalikira kwa miliri. Katemera wa mliri sakugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku United States.

Mliri wa Bubonic; Chibayo chibayo; Mliri wa Septic

• Utitiri
• Utitiri umaluma - kutseka
• Ma antibodies
• Mabakiteriya

Gage KL, Mead PS. Mliri ndi matenda ena a yersinia. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 312.

Mead PS. Mitundu ya Yersinia (kuphatikizapo mliri). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Mfundo za Bennett ndi Kuchita kwa Matenda Opatsirana, Kusinthidwa. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 231.