Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis ndikutupa kwa epiglottis. Izi ndiye minofu yomwe imakwirira trachea (mphepo yamkuntho). Epiglottitis ikhoza kukhala matenda owopsa.

Epiglottis ndi minofu yolimba, koma yosinthasintha (yotchedwa cartilage) kumbuyo kwa lilime. Imatseka mphepo yanu (trachea) mukameza kuti chakudya chisalowe munjira yanu. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kutsokomola kapena kutsamwa mukameza.

Kwa ana, epiglottitis nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Haemophilus influenzae (H chimfine) mtundu B. Mwa akulu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ena monga Strepcoccus pneumoniae, kapena mavairasi monga herpes simplex virus ndi varicella zoster.

Epiglottitis tsopano ndi yachilendo kwambiri chifukwa katemera wa H influenzae wa B (Hib) amaperekedwa pafupipafupi kwa ana onse. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawoneka mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 2 mpaka 6. Nthawi zambiri, epiglottitis imatha kuchitika mwa akuluakulu.

Epiglottitis imayamba ndi malungo ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kupuma kosazolowereka (stridor)
• Malungo
• Mtundu wa khungu labuluu (cyanosis)
• Kutsetsereka
• Kuvuta kupuma (munthuyo angafunike kukhala moimirira ndikutsamira pang'ono kuti apume)
• Zovuta kumeza
• Kusintha kwa mawu (hoarseness)

Maulendowa amatha kutsekedwa kwathunthu, zomwe zingayambitse kumangidwa kwamtima ndi kufa.

Epiglottitis itha kukhala vuto lazachipatala. Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Musagwiritse ntchito chilichonse kukanikiza lilime pansi kuti muyang'ane pakhosi kunyumba. Kuchita izi kumatha kukulitsa vutoli.

Wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kuwunika bokosi lamawu (larynx) pogwiritsa ntchito kalilole kakang'ono kumbuyo kwa mmero. Kapena chubu chowonera chotchedwa laryngoscope chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika bwino mchipinda chochezera kapena m'malo ofanana momwe kupumira mwadzidzidzi kumatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi kapena chikhalidwe cha mmero
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Khosi x-ray

Kugona kuchipatala kumafunikira, nthawi zambiri kuchipatala (ICU).

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo njira zothandizira munthu kupuma, kuphatikizapo:

• Kupuma chubu (intubation)
• Mpweya wambiri (wothira chinyezi)

Mankhwala ena atha kukhala:

• Maantibayotiki othandizira matendawa
• Mankhwala odana ndi zotupa, otchedwa corticosteroids, kuti achepetse kutupa pakhosi
• Madzi operekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (mwa IV)

Epiglottitis ikhoza kukhala yowopsa pangozi. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino.

Kuvuta kupuma ndikuchedwa, koma chizindikiro chofunikira. Kuphipha kumatha kupangitsa kuti ma airways atseke mwadzidzidzi. Kapena, mayendedwe apandege atha kutsekedwa kwathunthu. Zonsezi zitha kupha.

Katemera wa Hib amateteza ana ambiri ku epiglottitis.

Mabakiteriya ofala kwambiri (H fuluwenza lembani b) zomwe zimayambitsa epiglottitis zimafalikira mosavuta. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu akudwala chifukwa cha bakiteriya, mamembala ena amafunika kukayezetsa ndikuchiritsidwa.

Supraglottitis

• Kutupa kwa pakhosi
• Haemophilus influenzae chamoyo

[Adasankhidwa] 14. Nayak JL, Weinberg GA. Epiglottitis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 63.

[Adasankhidwa] Rodrigues KK, Roosevelt GE. Kutsekeka kwapadera kwapansi pamtunda (croup, epiglottitis, laryngitis, ndi tracheitis ya bakiteriya). Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 412.