Kuzindikira Ubongo

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya ubongo herniation
• Zizindikiro za ubongo herniation
• Zomwe zimayambitsa ubongo
• Kuchiza ubongo wa herniation
• Zovuta zamalingaliro amubongo
• Maonekedwe a herniation yaubongo

Chidule

Kuthana ndi ubongo, kapena ubongo, kumachitika minofu yaubongo, magazi, ndi cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) zimasunthika kuchoka pamakhalidwe awo mkati mwa chigaza. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chotupa chifukwa chovulala pamutu, stroke, magazi, kapena chotupa muubongo. Kuzindikira ubongo ndi vuto lachipatala ndipo limafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri imapha ngati sichichiritsidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mitundu ya ubongo herniation

Kuzindikira ubongo kumatha kugawidwa ndi komwe kusintha kwa minofu yaubongo. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya ubongo herniation:

• Subfalcine. Minofu yaubongo imayenda pansi pamimba yotchedwa falx cerebri pakati pa ubongo. Minofu yaubongo imatha kukankhidwira mbali inayo. Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa ubongo.
• Malangizo a Transtentorial. Mtundu wamtunduwu waubongo ungathe kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
  • Kutsikira transtentorial kapena uncal. Unus, yomwe ndi gawo la kanthawi kochepa, imasunthira pansi kupita kumalo omwe amadziwika kuti posterior fossa. Uwu ndiye mtundu wachiwiri wodziwika bwino wa ubongo.
  • Kukwera kwa transtentorial herniation. Cerebellum ndi brainstem zimayenda mmwamba kupyola mphako mu nembanemba yotchedwa tentorium cerebelli.
• Matenda a cerebellar. Matenda a cerebellar amapita pansi kudzera mu foramen magnum, kotseguka kwachilengedwe pansi pamutu pomwe mafupa a msana amalumikizana ndi ubongo.

Kuzindikira kwaubongo kumatha kuchitika kudzera mu dzenje lomwe lidapangidwa kale panthawi yochita opaleshoni.

Zizindikiro za ubongo herniation

Kuzindikira ubongo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo:

• ana otayirira
• mutu
• Kusinza
• zovuta kukhazikika
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kutaya kwa malingaliro
• kugwidwa
• kukhazikika kwachilendo, kusunthika kwa thupi, komanso mawonekedwe osasintha a thupi
• kumangidwa kwamtima
• kutaya chidziwitso
• chikomokere

Zomwe zimayambitsa ubongo

Kuzindikira kwaubongo nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chotupa muubongo. Kutupa kumapanikizika ndimatenda am'magazi (omwe amawatcha kuti kukakamira kopitilira muyeso), ndikupangitsa kuti mnofuwo uzikakamizika kusiya positon yake yanthawi zonse.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kufala kwaubongo ndi izi:

• kuvulaza mutu komwe kumabweretsa subdural hematoma (magazi akamasonkhana pamwamba pa ubongo pansi pa chigaza) kapena kutupa (ubongo edema)
• sitiroko
• Kutaya magazi muubongo (kutuluka magazi muubongo)
• chotupa muubongo

Zifukwa zina zowonjezera kuthamanga mu chigaza ndizo:

• abscess (kusonkhanitsa mafinya) kuchokera ku matenda a bakiteriya kapena mafangasi
• kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu ubongo (hydrocephalus)
• opaleshoni yaubongo
• chilema mu kapangidwe ka ubongo kotchedwa Chiari malformation

Anthu omwe ali ndi zotupa zamaubongo kapena mavuto amitsuko yamagazi, monga aneurysm, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ubongo. Kuphatikiza apo, zochita zilizonse kapena kusankha komwe mungayike pachiwopsezo chovulala kumutu kumathandizanso kuti mukhale ndi vuto la ubongo.

Kuchiza ubongo wa herniation

Chithandizochi chimathandiza kuthetsa kutupa ndi kupsinjika mkati mwa ubongo komwe kumapangitsa kuti ubongo uzizuka kuchokera kuchipinda chimodzi kupita kwina. Chithandizo chidzakhala chofunikira kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kupanikizika, chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupa, hematoma (magazi clot), kapena abscess
• Kuchita opareshoni yoika ngalande yotchedwa ventriculostomy kudzera pabowo la chigaza kuti atulutse madzi
• osmotic therapy kapena diuretics (mankhwala omwe amachotsa madzimadzi mthupi) kuti atulutse madzi mumisempha yaubongo, monga mannitol kapena hypertonic saline
• corticosteroids kuchepetsa kutupa
• opaleshoni kuchotsa gawo la chigaza kuti apange malo ambiri (craniectomy)

Pomwe vuto la ubongo wa herniation likukambidwa, munthu amene akuchiritsidwayo atha kulandira:

• mpweya
• chubu choyikidwa panjira yawo yothandizira kupuma
• kukhalitsa
• mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa
• maantibayotiki othandiza kuchiza chotupa kapena kupewa matenda

Kuphatikiza apo, munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la ubongo adzafunika kuyang'anitsitsa pafupi ndi mayeso monga:

• X-ray ya chigaza ndi khosi
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kujambula kwa MRI
• kuyesa magazi

Zovuta zamalingaliro amubongo

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo nthawi yomweyo, kuyenda kwa minofu yaubongo kumatha kuwononga ziwalo zofunikira mthupi.

Zovuta zamtundu waubongo zimaphatikizapo:

• imfa yaubongo
• kupuma kapena kumangidwa kwamtima
• kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha
• chikomokere
• imfa

Maonekedwe a herniation yaubongo

Maganizo ake amatengera mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa kuvulala komwe kumayambitsa herniation komanso komwe kumakhalako muubongo. Kuzindikira ubongo kumatha kudula magazi kupita kuubongo. Pachifukwa ichi, chitha kupha ngati sichichiritsidwa mwachangu. Ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, kuyerekezera ubongo kumatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu, okhazikika muubongo, kapena imfa.

Kuzindikira ubongo kumaonedwa ngati kwadzidzidzi kwachipatala. Muyenera kuyimbira 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ngati munthu amene wavulala mutu kapena chotupa muubongo sakhala tcheru kapena wasokonezeka, akugwa, kapena atakomoka.