Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy ndi gulu la zovuta zomwe zimatha kukhudza ubongo, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito amanjenje, monga kuyenda, kuphunzira, kumva, kuwona, ndikuganiza.

Pali mitundu ingapo yama cerebral palsy, kuphatikiza spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, hypotonic, ndi mix.

Cerebral palsy imayamba chifukwa chovulala kapena zovuta zina zaubongo. Ambiri mwa mavutowa amapezeka mwana akamakula m'mimba. Koma zimatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse mzaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo, ubongo wamwana ukukulabe.

Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi ziwalo zaubongo, mbali zina za ubongo zimavulala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya (hypoxia) m'malo amenewo. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake izi zimachitika.

Makanda asanakwane amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi ziwalo zaubongo. Cerebral palsy amathanso kuchitika adakali akhanda chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• Kutuluka magazi muubongo
• Matenda aubongo (encephalitis, meningitis, herpes simplex matenda)
• Kuvulala pamutu
• Matenda a mayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera (rubella)
• Jaundice yosachiritsidwa
• Zovulala muubongo panthawi yobereka

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha matenda a ubongo sichimadziwika konse.

Zizindikiro za matenda aubongo zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli. Zizindikiro mwina:

• Khalani ofatsa kwambiri kapena okhwima kwambiri
• Ingophatikizani mbali imodzi ya thupi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri
• Khalani odziwika kwambiri mmanja kapena m'miyendo, kapena phatikizani mikono ndi miyendo

Zizindikiro zimawoneka mwana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimayamba miyezi itatu. Makolo atha kuzindikira kuti mwana wawo akuchedwa kufika pamagulu okula monga kukhala, kugudubuka, kukwawa, kapena kuyenda.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamatenda am'mimba. Anthu ena ali ndi zizindikiro zosakanikirana.

Matenda a ubongo ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Minofu yolimba kwambiri komanso yosatambasula. Amatha kukhazikika kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
• Kuyenda modabwitsa (gait) - mikono yolowerera m'mbali, mawondo adadutsa kapena kugwira, miyendo imapangitsa "lumo" kuyenda, kuyenda pamapazi.
• Ma Joint amalimba ndipo samatseguka njira yonse (yotchedwa mgwirizano wamgwirizano).
• Minofu kufooka kapena kutayika kwa kuyenda mu gulu la minofu (ziwalo).
• Zizindikiro zimatha kukhudza dzanja limodzi kapena mwendo, mbali imodzi ya thupi, miyendo yonse, kapena mikono ndi miyendo yonse.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika mumitundu ina ya ziwalo za ubongo:

• Kusuntha kosazolowereka (kupindika, kugwedezeka, kapena kupindika) kwa manja, mapazi, mikono, kapena miyendo mutadzuka, zomwe zimaipiraipira panthawi yamavuto
• Kugwedezeka
• Kusakhazikika kosakhazikika
• Kutaya kwa mgwirizano
• Minyewa yambiri, makamaka popumula, ndi malo omwe amayenda mozungulira kwambiri

Zizindikiro zina zamaubongo ndi zamanjenje zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kulephera kuphunzira kumakhala kofala, koma nzeru zimatha kukhala zachilendo
• Mavuto olankhula (dysarthria)
• Mavuto akumva kapena masomphenya
• Kugwidwa
• Ululu, makamaka achikulire, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzisamalira

Kudya ndi chimbudzi zizindikiro:

• Kuvuta kuyamwa kapena kudyetsa makanda, kapena kutafuna ndikumeza mwa ana okulirapo komanso akulu
• Kusanza kapena kudzimbidwa

Zizindikiro zina:

• Kuchuluka kwamadzi
• Pang'onopang'ono kuposa kukula kwachizolowezi
• Kupuma kosasintha
• Kusadziletsa kwamikodzo

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa mokwanira za matenda a ubongo. Kwa anthu achikulire, kuyesa kuzindikira mozama ndikofunikanso.

Mayesero ena atha kuchitidwa ngati kungafunikire, nthawi zambiri kuti athetse zovuta zina:

• Kuyesa magazi
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Sewero lakumva
• MRI ya mutu
• Kuyeza masomphenya

Matenda aubongo alibe mankhwala. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthandizira munthuyo kukhala wodziyimira pawokha momwe angathere.

Chithandizo chimafunikira njira yamagulu, kuphatikiza:

• Dokotala woyang'anira pulayimale
• Dokotala wamankhwala (kuyezetsa mano kumalimbikitsidwa mozungulira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi)
• Wogwira ntchito
• Anamwino
• Ogwira ntchito, kuthupi, ndi kulankhula
• Akatswiri ena, kuphatikiza katswiri wamaubongo, dokotala wothandizira, pulmonologist, ndi gastroenterologist

Chithandizo chimachokera kuzizindikiro za munthuyo komanso kufunika kopewa zovuta.

Kudzisamalira nokha ndi monga:

• Kupeza chakudya chokwanira ndi zakudya zokwanira
• Kusunga nyumba kukhala yotetezeka
• Kuchita machitidwe olimbikitsidwa ndi omwe akukuthandizani
• Kuyeserera bwino matumbo (zofewetsa chopondapo, madzi, fiber, mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, zizolowezi za matumbo pafupipafupi)
• Kuteteza mafupa kuvulala

Kuyika mwana m'masukulu wamba ndikulimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati kulumala kapena kukula kwamaganizidwe kumapangitsa izi kukhala zosatheka. Maphunziro apadera kapena maphunziro angathandize.

Zotsatirazi zitha kuthandiza pakuyankhulana ndi kuphunzira:

• Magalasi
• Zothandizira kumva
• Zolimbitsa minofu ndi mafupa
• Zothandizira Kuyenda
• Ma wheelchair

Thandizo lakuthupi, chithandizo chantchito, chithandizo cha mafupa, kapena chithandizo china chitha kufunikanso kuti chithandizire pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chisamaliro.

Mankhwala atha kuphatikizira:

• Maanticonvulsants oletsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwakanthawi
• Poizoni wa botulinum wothandizira kuwongolera komanso kukhetsa madzi
• Zotsekemera zaminyewa kuti muchepetse kunjenjemera komanso kuthamanga

Kuchita opaleshoni kungafunike nthawi zina ku:

• Sungani Reflux ya gastroesophageal
• Dulani mitsempha ina kuchokera mumtsempha wamtsempha kuti muthandizire kupweteka komanso kuthamanga
• Ikani machubu odyetsera
• Tulutsani mgwirizano wophatikizika

Kupsinjika ndi kutopa pakati pa makolo ndi othandizira ena omwe ali ndi ziwalo zaubongo ndizofala. Funsani chithandizo ndi zina zambiri kuchokera kumabungwe omwe amakhazikika mu ubongo.

Cerebral palsy ndi matenda a moyo wonse. Kusamalira kwanthawi yayitali kungafune. Matendawa samakhudza kutalika kwa moyo. Kuchuluka kwa zilema kumasiyana.

Akuluakulu ambiri amatha kukhala m'deralo, mosadalira kapena ndi magulu osiyanasiyana othandizira.

Cerebral palsy imatha kubweretsa zovuta zotsatirazi:

• Kuchepetsa mafupa (kufooka kwa mafupa)
• Kutsekeka kwa matumbo
• Kutulutsa mchiuno ndi nyamakazi m'chiuno
• Zovulala zakugwa
• Zilonda zamagetsi
• Zogwirizana
• Chibayo chimabwera chifukwa chotsamwa
• Chakudya choperewera
• Kuchepetsa maluso olumikizirana (nthawi zina)
• Kuchepetsa nzeru (nthawi zina)
• Scoliosis
• Khunyu (pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi ziwalo za ubongo)
• Kusalidwa pagulu

Itanani yemwe akukuthandizani ngati zizindikiro za matenda aubongo zimayamba, makamaka ngati mukudziwa kuti kuvulala kunachitika pobadwa kapena kuyambira ali wakhanda.

Kupeza chisamaliro choyenera cha amayi asanabadwe kungachepetse chiopsezo cha zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo. Nthawi zambiri, kuvulala komwe kumayambitsa matendawa sikungalephereke.

Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ena angafunike kuwatsatira kuchipatala chotsogola kwambiri.

Ziwalo; Ziwalo - spastic; Zotupa hemiplegia; Kutuluka kwa diplegia; Matenda a quadriplegia

• Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi - kusamalira ana
• Gastrostomy yodyetsa chubu - bolus
• Thumba lodyetsera la Jejunostomy

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje

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