Nthendayi

Matendawa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kapena kuyankha pazinthu zomwe sizowopsa.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri. Zonse majini ndi chilengedwe zimathandizira. Ngati makolo anu onse ali ndi chifuwa, pali mwayi kuti nanunso muli nawo.

Chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi zambiri chimateteza thupi ku zinthu zoyipa, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Imakhudzanso zinthu zakunja zotchedwa ma allergen. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto ndipo mwa anthu ambiri sizimabweretsa vuto.

Mwa munthu amene ali ndi chifuwa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Chitetezo cha mthupi chikazindikira kuti pali zomwe sizimayambitsa matendawa, zimayankha. Mankhwala monga histamines amamasulidwa. Mankhwalawa amayambitsa matendawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizo:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Fumbi
• Chakudya
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
• Nkhungu
• Pet ndi zinyama zina
• Mungu

Anthu ena amakhala ndi ziwengo ngati kutentha kapena kuzizira, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kapena zina zoyambitsa chilengedwe. Nthawi zina, kukangana (kusisita kapena kusisita khungu) kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo.

Matenda angayambitse matenda ena, monga mavuto a sinus, eczema, ndi mphumu.

Makamaka, gawo la thupi lomwe allergen limakhudza limakhudza zizindikiritso zomwe mumakhala nazo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ma Allergen omwe mumapuma nthawi zambiri amachititsa mphuno yothinana, mphuno yoyipa ndi pakhosi, ntchofu, chifuwa, ndi kupuma.
• Ma Allergen omwe amakhudza maso amatha kuyabwa, madzi, ofiira, kutupa.
• Kudya kena kake komwe sikungayambitse matendawa kumatha kuyambitsa nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, kupunduka, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kuwopsa koopsa.
• Zomwe zimakhudza khungu zimatha kupangitsa khungu, ming'oma, kuyabwa, matuza, kapena khungu.
• Kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri kumakhudza thupi lonse ndipo kumatha kubweretsa zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zina, ziwengo zimatha kuyambitsa zomwe zimakhudza thupi lonse.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikufunsa mafunso, monga ngati zovuta zimachitika.

Kuyeserera kwa ziwengo kungafunike kuti mudziwe ngati zizindikiritsozo zilidi zowopsa kapena zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto ena. Mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zosadetsedwa (poyizoni wazakudya) kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zofanana ndi ziwengo za zakudya. Mankhwala ena (monga aspirin ndi ampicillin) amatha kupanga zomwe sizingachitike, kuphatikizapo zotupa. Mphuno kapena kutsokomola kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda.

Kuyezetsa khungu ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri yoyezetsa matendawa:

• Kuyesedwako kumafuna kuyika pang'ono pazinthu zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti zimayambitsa ziwopsezo pakhungu, kenako ndikumenya pang'ono malowo kuti chinthucho chisunthire khungu. Khungu limayang'anitsitsa ngati pali zomwe zingachitike, monga kutupa ndi kufiyira.
• Chiyeso cha intradermal chimaphatikizapo kupiritsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pansi pa khungu lanu, ndikuyang'ana khungu kuti lichitepo kanthu.
• Mayeso oyeserera komanso a intradermal amawerengedwa mphindi 15 pambuyo poti mayeso ayesedwe.
• Kuyeserera kwa zigamba kumaphatikizanso kuyika chigamba ndi khungu lanu. Khungu limayang'anitsitsa kwambiri ngati pali zomwe zingachitike. Kuyesaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kukhudzana ndi zovuta. Nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa maola 48 mpaka 72 mukayesa mayeso.

Dotolo amathanso kuwunika momwe mungachitire ndi zomwe zimayambitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kuzizira, kapena zina zomwe zimakhudza thupi lanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti vuto lanu lingachitike.

Kuyezetsa magazi komwe kungachitike ndi monga:

• Immunoglobulin E (IgE), yomwe imayesa magawo azinthu zokhudzana ndi ziwengo
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) pomwe kuwerengetsa kwa magazi oyera kumachitika

Nthawi zina, adokotala angakuuzeni kuti mupewe zinthu zina kuti muwone ngati mukuchira, kapena kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomwe mukukayikira kuti muwone ngati mukudwala kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa "kuyesa kapena kuthetsa kuyesa." Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ngati pali zovuta za chakudya kapena zamankhwala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda (anaphylaxis) zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala otchedwa epinephrine. Itha kupulumutsa moyo ikaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito epinephrine, itanani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yapafupi ndikupita kuchipatala.

Njira yabwino yochepetsera matenda ndikupewa zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala oletsa komanso kuchiza chifuwa. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe dokotala amakulimbikitsani kutengera mtundu wazizindikiro zanu, msinkhu wanu, ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chifuwa (monga mphumu, hay fever, ndi chikanga) angafunike mankhwala ena.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira chifuwa ndi awa:

MALANGIZO

Ma antihistamine amapezeka pompopompo komanso mwa mankhwala. Zilipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Makapisozi ndi mapiritsi
• Maso akutsikira
• Jekeseni
• Zamadzimadzi
• Kutulutsa m'mphuno

MAFUNSO A CORTICOSTEROIDS

Awa ndi mankhwala odana ndi zotupa. Zilipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Zokongoletsa ndi mafuta pakhungu
• Maso akutsikira
• Kutulutsa m'mphuno
• Mapapu inhaler
• Mapiritsi
• Jekeseni

Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zowopsa amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala a corticosteroid kapena jakisoni kwakanthawi kochepa.

ODZIPEREKA

Ma decongestant amathandiza kuchotsa mphuno yothinana. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opopera m'mphuno kwa masiku opitilira angapo chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa phokoso komanso kukulitsa chisokonezo. Zodzikongoletsera m'mapiritsi sizimayambitsa vutoli. Anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, mavuto amtima, kapena kukulitsa kwa prostate ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosamala.

MANKHWALA ENA

Leukotriene inhibitors ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mphumu komanso ziwengo zamkati ndi zakunja amatha kupatsidwa mankhwalawa.

ZOTHANDIZA ZOTHANDIZA

Nthawi zina ziwombankhanga (immunotherapy) zimalimbikitsidwa ngati simungapewe kuyanjana ndi matendawa ndipo zizindikiro zanu ndizovuta kuzigwira. Kuwombera ziwombankhanga kumapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisagwire ntchito pazovuta zonse. Mudzalandira jakisoni wokhazikika wa allergen. Mlingo uliwonse ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa womwe watha mpaka mulingo woyenera ufike. Kuwombera kumeneku sikugwira ntchito kwa aliyense ndipo muyenera kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala pafupipafupi.

SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY CHITHANDIZO (SLIT)

M'malo mowombera, mankhwala omwe amaikidwa pansi pa lilime amatha kuthandizira udzu, ragweed, ndi chifuwa cha fumbi.

Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati pali matenda a mphumu ndi magulu othandizira odwala m'dera lanu.

Matenda ambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ndi mankhwala.

Ana ena amatha kuchita ziwengo, makamaka zovuta za chakudya. Koma chinthu chimatha kuyambitsa vuto linalake, nthawi zambiri chimakhudzanso munthuyo.

Kuwombera ziwengo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito matenda a hay fever ndi chifuwa cha tizilombo. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa cha chakudya chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa zomwe angachite.

Kuwombera ziwengo kumafunikira chithandizo cha zaka zambiri, koma zimagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri. Komabe, atha kubweretsa zovuta zina (monga ming'oma ndi zidzolo) ndi zotsatira zowopsa (monga anaphylaxis). Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati madontho a ziwengo (SLIT) ali oyenera kwa inu.

Zovuta zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha chifuwa kapena chithandizo chawo ndi monga:

• Anaphylaxis (kuwopsa koopsa)
• Kupuma kwamavuto komanso kusapeza bwino pomwe thupi limakumana ndi zovuta
• Kugona ndi zovuta zina zamankhwala

Itanani kuti mudzakumane ndi wokuthandizani ngati:

• Zizindikiro zowopsa za ziwengo zimachitika
• Chithandizo cha chifuwa sichikugwiranso ntchito

Kuyamwitsa kungathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa ziwengo mukamayamwitsa ana mwanjira iyi kwa miyezi 4 kapena 6 yokha. Komabe, kusintha zakudya za mayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera kapena pamene akuyamwitsa sikuwoneka ngati kukuthandizani kupewa chifuwa.

Kwa ana ambiri, kusintha kadyedwe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera sikuwoneka ngati kumapewa chifuwa. Ngati kholo, mchimwene, mlongo, kapena wachibale wina ali ndi mbiri yokhudza chikanga ndi ziwengo, kambiranani kudyetsa ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu.

Palinso umboni kuti kupezeka pazinthu zina (monga fumbi ndi mphaka) mchaka choyamba cha moyo kumatha kupewa chifuwa. Izi zimatchedwa "kuyerekezera kwaukhondo." Zinachokera pakuwona kuti makanda m'minda amakhala ndi ziwengo zochepa kuposa omwe amakulira m'malo osabereka. Komabe, ana okulirapo samawoneka kuti amapindula.

Matendawa akangoyamba, kuchiza chifuwa ndikupewa mosamala zoyambitsa ziwopsezo kumatha kupewa zomwe zingachitike mtsogolo.

Ziwengo - chifuwa; Matupi awo sagwirizana - allergen

• Matupi rhinitis - zomwe mungafunse dokotala - wamkulu
• Matupi rhinitis - zomwe mungafunse dokotala - mwana
• Mphumu - mankhwala othandizira mwachangu

• Thupi lawo siligwirizana
• Zizindikiro za ziwengo
• Mbiri imatulutsidwa
• Chiyambi cha mankhwala ziwengo
• Ming'oma (urticaria) padzanja
• Ming'oma (urticaria) pachifuwa
• Nthendayi
• Ma antibodies

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Custovic A, Tovey E. Allergen kuwongolera kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda opatsirana. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 84.

Nadeau KC. Njira kwa wodwalayo matupi awo sagwirizana kapena matenda. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 235.

Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM. Pharmacologic chithandizo cha nyengo ya matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis: mawu ofotokozera ochokera ku gulu logwirizana la 2017 pamagwiridwe antchito. Ann Intern Med. 2017; 167 (12): 876-881. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 29181536 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181536/.