Zakudya zovuta

Zakudya zosavomerezeka ndi mtundu wa chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi mazira, mtedza, mkaka, nkhono kapena chakudya china.

Anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto lodana ndi chakudya. Mawuwa nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kutentha kwa mtima, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba, kapena kutsegula m'mimba komwe kumachitika atatha kudya zakudya monga:

• Mankhwala chimanga
• Mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi zopangira mkaka (kusagwirizana kwa lactose)
• Tirigu ndi mbewu zina zomwe zili ndi gluten (matenda a leliac)

Zakudya zowona ndizochepa kwambiri.

Chitetezo cha mthupi nthawi zambiri chimateteza thupi ku zinthu zoyipa, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Imakhudzanso zinthu zakunja zotchedwa ma allergen. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto, ndipo mwa anthu ambiri, sizimayambitsa vuto.

Mwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto lodana ndi chakudya, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Chitetezo cha mthupi chikazindikira kuti pali zomwe sizimayambitsa matendawa, zimayankha. Mankhwala monga histamines amamasulidwa. Mankhwalawa amayambitsa matendawa.

Chakudya chilichonse chimatha kuyambitsa vuto. Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

• Mazira (makamaka mwa ana)
• Nsomba (ana okalamba ndi akulu)
• Mkaka (anthu azaka zonse)
• Mtedza (anthu azaka zonse)
• Nkhono monga nkhanu, nkhanu, ndi nkhanu (anthu azaka zonse)
• Soy (makamaka mwa ana)
• Mtedza wamitengo (anthu azaka zonse)
• Tirigu (anthu azaka zonse)

Nthawi zina, zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya, monga utoto, thickeners, ndi zotetezera zimatha kuyambitsa vuto lazakudya kapena kusalolera.

Anthu ena amadwala pakamwa. Ichi ndi matenda amtundu wina omwe amakhudza pakamwa ndi lilime akatha kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba:

• Mavwende, maapulo, chinanazi, ndi zakudya zina zimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi mungu winawake.
• Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukamadya zakudya zosaphika. Momwe zimayankhira zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya.

Zizindikiro zimayamba mkati mwa maola awiri mutadya. Nthawi zina, zizindikilo zimayamba patadutsa maola angapo mutadya chakudyacho.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zakusowa kwa chakudya ndi ming'oma, mawu okokomeza, ndi kupuma.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Kutupa (angioedema), makamaka zikope, nkhope, milomo, ndi lilime
  
• Kuvuta kumeza kapena kupuma chifukwa chotupa pakhosi
• Kuyabwa pakamwa, pakhosi, maso, khungu, kapena malo ena aliwonse
• Kupepuka mopepuka kapena kukomoka
• Kuchulukana kwa mphuno, mphuno yothamanga
• Kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, kapena kusanza

Zizindikiro za pakamwa (pakamwa) matendawa:

• Milomo yoluma, lilime, ndi mmero
• Milomo yotupa (nthawi zina)

Mukakumana ndi zovuta, zotchedwa anaphylaxis, kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi, mutha kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono komanso kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe ampweya. Izi zitha kupha moyo.

Kuyesera magazi kapena khungu nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti muli ndi ziwengo. Vuto la chakudya chakhungu ndi njira imodzi yodziwira kuti ali ndi vuto lowona chakudya. Pakati pa mayeso, inu ndi wothandizira zaumoyo simudziwa zomwe mukudya.

Mukamadya zakudya, mumapewa chakudya chomwe mukuchiganizira mpaka zizindikiritso zanu zitatha. Kenako mumayambanso kudya zakudyazo kuti muwone ngati mukukumana ndi vuto linalake.

Mukamayesa (kutsutsa) kuyesa, mumadya zochepa zomwe mumaziganiza moyang'aniridwa ndi azachipatala. Kuyesa kwamtunduwu kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina. Kuyesa zovuta kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi wophunzitsira wophunzitsidwa yekha.

Osayesa kuyambitsa chidwi kapena kuyambiranso chakudya nokha. Mayesowa akuyenera kuchitika motsogoleredwa ndi omwe akukuthandizani, makamaka ngati zoyankha zanu zoyambirira zinali zovuta.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi vuto lodana ndi chakudya, pitani kuchipatala (allergist).

Chithandizo chitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kupewa chakudya (iyi ndiye chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri).
• Kusasinthika, pomwe mumadya chakudya chochepa tsiku lililonse. Izi ziyenera kuchitika motsogozedwa ndi wotsutsa.

Mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo kuwomberana ndi ziwengo ndi maantibiotiki, sanatsimikizidwe kuti amathandizira pakudya zakudya.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la mkaka wa ng'ombe, woperekayo angakuuzeni kuyesa njira yopangira soya kapena china chomwe chimatchedwa chilinganizo choyambirira, ngati chilipo.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo pagawo limodzi lokha la thupi, mwachitsanzo, mng'oma pachibwano mukatha kudya chakudyacho, simukufunika chithandizo chilichonse. Zizindikirozi zimatha posachedwa. Antihistamines atha kuthetsa vutoli. Mafuta opatsa khungu amatha kuperekanso mpumulo.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi vuto la chakudya, phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito jakisoni wa epinephrine. Muyenera kukhala nanu nthawi zonse. Mukakhala ndi vuto lililonse kapena thupi lonse (ngakhale ming'oma) mutadya chakudya:

• Jekeseni epinephrine.
• Kenako pitani kuchipatala chapafupi kapena kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ndi ambulansi.

Magulu otsatirawa atha kupereka chidziwitso chazakudya zakuthupi:

• American Academy of Allergy Phumu ndi Immunology - www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/food-allergies
• Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Kafukufuku ndi Maphunziro (FARE) - www.foodallergy.org/
• National Institute of Matenda ndi Matenda Opatsirana - www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/food-allergy

Nthendayi kwa mtedza, mtedza wamitengo, ndi nkhono zimakonda kukhala moyo wonse.

Kupewa zakudya zovuta kumakhala kosavuta ngati chakudyacho sichachilendo kapena sichidziwika. Mukamadya kunyumba, funsani mwatsatanetsatane za chakudya chomwe mwapatsidwa. Mukamagula chakudya, werengani zosakaniza za phukusi mosamala.

Anaphylaxis ndiwowopsa, thupi lonse lomwe siligwirizana ndi zomwe zimawopseza moyo. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva pakamwa amatha kukhala ndi anaphylactic nthawi zina, ayenera kufunsa dokotala ngati angafunike kunyamula epinephrine wa jakisoni.

Zakudya zamagulu zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa chifuwa cha mphumu, chikanga, kapena zovuta zina.

Zomwe mungachite mukamadwala matendawa:

• Itanani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi, monga 911, ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse kapena thupi lonse, makamaka kupuma kapena kupuma movutikira, mutadya chakudya.
• Ngati wothandizira wanu atakupatsani epinephrine kuti amveke mwamphamvu, jekeseni mwachangu, ngakhale musanaitane 911. Mukalowa jakisoni wa epinephrine, ndibwino.
• Aliyense amene sagwirizana ndi chakudya ayenera kuwonedwa ndi wotsutsa.

Kuyamwitsa kungathandize kupewa chifuwa. Kupanda kutero, palibe njira yodziwikiratu yothana ndi ziwengo za chakudya.

Chikhulupiriro chofala ndikuchita ndikuchedwa kuyambitsa zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo kwa makanda mpaka m'mimba mwawo muli ndi mwayi wokhwima. Nthawi ya izi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chakudya ndi chakudya komanso kuyambira mwana mpaka mwana.

Kupewa mtedza udakali mwana sikuwoneka ngati kukulepheretsa, ndipo kumathandizanso kukulitsa kukula kwa chiponde. Madokotala tsopano akuwonetsa kuti azipereka zakudya zokhala ndi chiponde kwa makanda, zomwe zingalepheretse kusagwirizana kwa chiponde. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Mukangolimbana ndi ziwengo, kupewa mosamala chakudya chomwe sichikulakwitsani nthawi zambiri kumateteza mavuto ena.

Ziwengo chakudya; Zakudya ziwengo - chiponde; Zakudya ziwengo - soya; Ziwengo zakudya - nsomba; Chakudya ziwengo - nkhono; Zakudya ziwengo - mazira; Zakudya ziwengo - mkaka

• myPlate
• Anaphylaxis
• Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi
• Werengani zolemba za chakudya
• Perioral dermatitis
• Ma antibodies

Mbalame JA, Jones S, Burks W. Zakudya zovuta. Mu: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, Frew AJ, Weyand CM, olemba. Clinical Immunology: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 45.

Sicherer SH, Kuperewera G, Jones SM. Kusamalira zakudya. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 82.

Togias A, Cooper SF, Acebal ML, ndi al. Maupangiri a Addendum oletsa kupewa ziwengo za chiponde ku United States: lipoti la akatswiri a bungwe la National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. J Matenda Achilengedwe Immunol. 2017; 139 (1): 29-44. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 28065278 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28065278/.