Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia ndi mantha akulu komanso nkhawa zakukhala m'malo ovuta kuthawa, kapena komwe thandizo silingapezeke. Agoraphobia nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuwopa unyinji, milatho, kapena kukhala panokha.

Agoraphobia ndi mtundu wa matenda amisala. Zomwe zimayambitsa agoraphobia sizikudziwika. Agoraphobia nthawi zina imachitika munthu akagwidwa ndi mantha ndikuyamba kuopa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse mantha ena.

Ndi agoraphobia, mumapewa malo kapena zochitika chifukwa simumva kukhala otetezeka m'malo pagulu. Mantha amakhala oopsa pakakhala podzaza anthu.

Zizindikiro za agoraphobia ndi izi:

• Kuopa kuthera nthawi ndekha
• Kuopa malo omwe kuthawa kungakhale kovuta
• Kuopa kutaya mphamvu pagulu
• Kutengera ena
• Kumverera kukhala olekanitsidwa kapena kupatukana ndi ena
• Kukhala wopanda chochita
• Kumva kuti thupi silowona
• Kumva kuti chilengedwe sichowona
• Kukhala wamtima wapachala kapena wokwiya
• Kukhala mnyumba kwa nthawi yayitali

Zizindikiro zakuthupi zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino
• Kutsamwa
• Chizungulire kapena kukomoka
• Nsautso kapena vuto lina m'mimba
• Kuthamanga mtima
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kunjenjemera

Wothandizira zaumoyo ayang'ana mbiri yanu ya agoraphobia ndipo adzakufotokozerani zamakhalidwe kuchokera kwa inu, banja lanu, kapena abwenzi.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthandizani kuti muzimva bwino ndikugwira ntchito bwino. Kuchiza bwino kwamankhwala nthawi zambiri kumatengera gawo la momwe agoraphobia amakhalira ovuta. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikiza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuthana ndi kukhumudwa atha kukhala othandiza pa vutoli. Amagwira ntchito popewa zizindikilo zanu kapena kuzipangitsa kukhala zochepa. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse. Osasiya kuwamwa kapena kusintha mlingo popanda kulankhula ndi omwe amakupatsani.

• Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusankha koyamba kwa antidepressant.
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) ndi njira ina.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kukhumudwa kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda angayesedwe.

Angathenso kupatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa sedative kapena hypnotics.

• Mankhwalawa ayenera kungotengedwa ndi dokotala.
• Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala ochepa. Siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
• Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikilo zikuwonjezeka kapena mukatsala pang'ono kuwonetsedwa ndi zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikiro zanu.

Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe (CBT) ndi mtundu wamankhwala olankhula. Zimaphatikizapo maulendo 10 mpaka 20 omwe amapita kukaonana ndi akatswiri azaumoyo kwamasabata angapo. CBT imakuthandizani kusintha malingaliro omwe amayambitsa matenda anu. Zitha kuphatikizira:

• Kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera malingaliro kapena malingaliro opotoka a zochitika kapena zochitika zopanikiza
• Kuphunzira njira zowonongera nkhawa komanso kupumula
• Kupumula, kenako kulingalira zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa, kugwira ntchito kuchokera kwa owopsa mpaka owopsa (omwe amatchedwa desicityization of disensitization and exposure therapy)

Mwinanso mutha kukumana ndi zochitika zenizeni zomwe zimapangitsa mantha kukuthandizani kuthana nazo.

Moyo wathanzi womwe umaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupumula mokwanira, komanso kudya zakudya zabwino kungathandizenso.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zakukhala ndi agoraphobia polowa nawo gulu lothandizira. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Magulu othandizira nthawi zambiri samakhala m'malo mwa mankhwala olankhula kapena kumwa mankhwala, koma atha kukhala othandizira.

Onani pansipa kuti mumve zambiri ndikuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi agoraphobia:

Nkhawa ndi Kukhumudwa Association of America - adaa.org/supportgroups

Anthu ambiri amatha kukhala ndi mankhwala komanso CBT. Popanda chithandizo cham'mbuyomu komanso chothandiza, vutoli limatha kuvuta kuchiza.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi agoraphobia atha:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mowa kapena mankhwala ena poyesera kudzipangira mankhwala.
• Osatha kugwira ntchito kapena malo ena ochezera.
• Khalani osungulumwa, osungulumwa, ovutika maganizo, kapena ofuna kudzipha.

Funsani nthawi yokumana ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za agoraphobia.

Kuchiza koyambirira kwa matenda amantha nthawi zambiri kumatha kuletsa agoraphobia.

Matenda oda nkhawa - agoraphobia

• Mavuto amantha ndi agoraphobia

Msonkhano wa American Psychiatric. Matenda nkhawa. Mu: American Psychiatric Association, wolemba. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwama Psychiatric ku America; 2013: 189-234.

Calkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, Simon NM. Matenda nkhawa. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 32.

Lyness JM. Matenda amisala pamankhwala. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: chap 369.

Tsamba la National Institute of Mental Health. Matenda nkhawa. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml. Idasinthidwa mu Julayi 2018. Idapezeka pa June 17, 2020.