Gulu la Retinal

Gulu la retinal ndikulekanitsa kwa nembanemba (retina) kumbuyo kwa diso kuchokera kumagawo ake othandizira.

Diso ndilo minofu yoyera yomwe imayang'ana mkati kwakuseri kwa diso. Magetsi owala omwe amalowa m'maso amayang'aniridwa ndi khungu ndi mandala muzithunzi zomwe zimapangidwa pa diso.

• Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamtundu wa retina nthawi zambiri umakhala chifukwa chong'ambika kapena dzenje la diso. Madzi amadzi amatha kutuluka kudzera pachitseko ichi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti diso lisiyane ndi ziwalozo, mofanana ndi kuwira pansi pa pepala. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chotchedwa posterior vitreous detachment. Ikhozanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zoopsa komanso kuwona pafupi kwambiri. Mbiri yabanja yamagulu obwezeretsa m'maso imakulitsanso chiopsezo chanu.
• Mtundu wina wa gulu la diso lotchedwa retinal detachment. Mtunduwu umapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga osalamulirika, omwe adachitidwapo opaleshoni yamaso, kapena amakhala ndi kutupa kwanthawi yayitali.

Diso likasungunuka, kutuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi kumatha kusokoneza mkati mwa diso kuti musawone bwino kapena konse. Masomphenya apakati amakhudzidwa kwambiri ngati macula atasunthika. Macula ndi gawo la diso lomwe limayang'ana bwino.

Zizindikiro za diso losaphatikizidwa lingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwala kowala, makamaka pamawonedwe ozungulira.
• Masomphenya olakwika.
• Ma float atsopano m'maso omwe amawoneka mwadzidzidzi.
• Kuphimba kapena kutsika kwa masomphenya ozungulira omwe amawoneka ngati katani kapena mthunzi kupyola masomphenya anu.

Nthawi zambiri sipamakhala kupweteka mkati kapena mozungulira diso.

Ophthalmologist (dotolo wamaso) akuyang'anitsani maso anu. Kuyesedwa kudzachitika kuti muwone diso ndi mwana:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera ndi kamera kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa magazi mu diso (fluorescein angiography)
• Kuyang'ana kuthamanga mkati mwa diso (tonometry)
• Kupenda mbali yakumbuyo ya diso, kuphatikiza diso (ophthalmoscopy)
• Kufufuza mankhwala a magalasi oyeserera (kuyesa kuyesera)
• Kuwona masomphenya amitundu
• Kuyang'ana zilembo zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe siziwerengedwa (visual acuity)
• Kuyang'ana nyumba kutsogolo kwa diso (kuyeza nyali)
• Ultrasound ya diso

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la retina amafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Opaleshoni imatha kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena patangopita nthawi yochepa mutapezeka. Mitundu ina ya opaleshoni imatha kuchitika kuofesi ya dokotala wanu.

• Lasers itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza misozi kapena mabowo mu diso lisanachitike gulu la retinal.
• Ngati muli ndi kagulu kakang'ono, adokotala amatha kuyika mpweya wamafuta m'diso. Izi zimatchedwa pneumatic retinopexy. Zimathandiza diso kuyandama kubwerera malo ake. Dzenje limasindikizidwa ndi laser.

Magulu akuluakulu amafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuchipatala. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Scleral buckle kuti mukankhire mokoma khoma la diso motsutsana ndi diso
• Vitrectomy kuchotsa gel kapena scar scar kukoka pa retina, yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misozi yayikulu kwambiri

Magulu azithunzithunzi zama retinal amatha kuwonedwa kwakanthawi asanachite opareshoni. Ngati opaleshoni ikufunika, vitrectomy nthawi zambiri imachitika.

Momwe mumakhalira mutatha kukhala ndi diso loyang'ana kumbuyo kumadalira malo komanso kukula kwa gulu ndikuthandizira mwachangu. Ngati macula sanawonongeke, malingaliro ake ndi chithandizo akhoza kukhala abwino.

Kukonza bwino diso nthawi zina sikubwezeretsa bwino mawonekedwe.

Magulu ena sangathe kukonzedwa.

Gulu la retina limapangitsa kutayika kwa masomphenya. Kuchita opaleshoni kuti mukonze kungakuthandizeni kubwezeretsanso zina kapena kuwona kwanu konse.

Gulu la retina ndi vuto lofunikira lomwe limafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala pasanathe maola 24 kuchokera pomwe zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwunika kwatsopano ndi zoyandama zikuyenda.

Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza m'maso popewa kupwetekedwa m'maso. Sungani magazi anu mosamala ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga. Onani katswiri wanu wosamalira maso kamodzi pachaka. Mungafunike kuyendera pafupipafupi ngati muli ndi zifukwa zoopsa zobwezeretsera diso lanu. Khalani atcheru ku kuzindikiritsa kwatsopano kwa kuwala ndi zoyandama.

Diso lotetezedwa

• Diso
• Kudula nyali

Tsamba la American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ndondomeko Yoyeserera Yoyeserera. Gulu lakutsogolo kwa vitreous, mabala am'maso, komanso kuchepa kwamalalanje PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/posterior-vitreous-detachment-retinal-breaks-latti. Idasinthidwa mu Okutobala 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 13, 2020.

Salimoni JF. Gulu la retinal. Mu: Salmon JF, mkonzi. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 16.

Wickham L, Aylward GW. Njira zabwino zokonzanso gulu la retina. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 109.