Mlingo waukulu wa potaziyamu

Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndimavuto omwe potaziyamu wamagazi amakhala apamwamba kuposa zachilendo. Dzina lachipatala la vutoli ndi hyperkalemia.

Potaziyamu amafunika kuti maselo azigwira ntchito moyenera. Mumalandira potaziyamu kudzera mchakudya. Impso zimachotsa potaziyamu wochulukirapo kudzera mumkodzo kuti mcherewo uzikhala bwino mthupi.

Ngati impso zanu sizikugwira ntchito bwino, sangathe kuchotsa potaziyamu woyenera. Zotsatira zake, potaziyamu imatha kuchuluka m'magazi. Zomangazi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha:

• Matenda a Addison - Matenda omwe adrenal glands samapanga mahomoni okwanira, amachepetsa impso kutulutsa potaziyamu mthupi
• Amayaka madera akuluakulu amthupi
• Matenda ena ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri ma angiotensin otembenuza enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ndi angiotensin receptor blockers
• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi ma cell ena amtundu wina wamankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kugwidwa osalandira chithandizo, opaleshoni, kuvulala ndi kugwa, chemotherapy, kapena matenda ena
• Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa maselo amwazi (hemolytic anemia)
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri kuchokera m'mimba kapena m'matumbo
• Kutenga potaziyamu wowonjezera, monga cholowa m'malo mwa mchere kapena zowonjezera
• Zotupa

Nthawi zambiri palibe zisonyezo za potaziyamu wokwera. Zizindikiro zikachitika, zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Kuvuta kupuma
  
• Kugunda kosachedwa, kofooka, kapena kosasinthasintha
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
  
• Kupindika
  
• Kugwa mwadzidzidzi, pomwe kugunda kwa mtima kumachedwa kwambiri kapena kuyima

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za matenda anu.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Mulingo wa potaziyamu wamagazi

Omwe amakupatsirani mwayi amayang'ana potaziyamu wamagazi anu ndikuyesa magazi a impso pafupipafupi ngati:

• Adapatsidwa potaziyamu wowonjezera
• Khalani ndi matenda a impso a nthawi yayitali (osatha)
• Imwani mankhwala ochizira matenda amtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Gwiritsani ntchito cholowa m'malo mwa mchere

Mudzafunika chithandizo chadzidzidzi ngati potaziyamu yanu ndiyokwera kwambiri, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zowopsa, monga kusintha kwa ECG yanu.

Chithandizo chadzidzidzi chingaphatikizepo:

• Kashiamu woperekedwa m'mitsempha mwanu (IV) kuti athetse vuto la minofu ndi mtima wama potasiamu ambiri
• Glucose ndi insulini yomwe imaperekedwa m'mitsempha yanu (IV) yothandizira kuchepetsa potaziyamu yayitali mokwanira kukonza vutoli
• Dialysis ya impso ngati ntchito yanu ya impso ili yosauka
• Mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchotsa potaziyamu m'matumbo asanayamwe
• Sodium bicarbonate ngati vuto limayambitsidwa ndi acidosis
• Mapiritsi ena amadzi (okodzetsa) omwe amachulukitsa potaziyamu ndi impso zanu

Kusintha kwa zakudya zanu kumatha kuthandizira kupewa komanso kuchiza potaziyamu wambiri. Mutha kufunsidwa kuti:

• Chepetsani kapena pewani katsitsumzukwa, mapeyala, mbatata, tomato kapena msuzi wa phwetekere, sikwashi yozizira, dzungu, ndi sipinachi yophika
• Chepetsani kapena pewani malalanje ndi madzi a lalanje, nectarines, kiwifruit, zoumba, kapena zipatso zina zouma, nthochi, cantaloupe, uchi, prunes, ndi timadzi tokoma
• Chepetsani kapena pewani kumwa m'malo mwa mchere mukafunsidwa kuti muzidya zakudya zamchere

Wopereka wanu atha kusintha izi pamankhwala anu:

• Kuchepetsa kapena kusiya zowonjezera potaziyamu
• Imani kapena sinthani mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mukumwa, monga a matenda a mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Imwani mapiritsi amtundu wamadzi kuti muchepetse potaziyamu komanso madzimadzi ngati muli ndi vuto la impso

Tsatirani malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani mukamamwa mankhwala anu:

• Musayime kapena kuyamba kumwa mankhwala musanalankhule ndi omwe akukuthandizani
• Imwani mankhwala anu munthawi yake
• Uzani wothandizira wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse, mavitamini, kapena zowonjezera zomwe mumamwa

Ngati chifukwa chake chimadziwika, monga potaziyamu wambiri pazakudya, mawonekedwe ake amakhala abwino vuto likakonzedwa. Pazovuta kwambiri kapena omwe ali ndi zoopsa nthawi zonse, potaziyamu yayikulu imatha kubwereranso.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Mtima umasiya kugunda (kumangidwa kwamtima)
• Kufooka
• Impso kulephera

Itanani omwe amakupatsani nthawi yomweyo ngati mukusanza, kupweteka, kufooka, kapena kupuma movutikira, kapena ngati mukumwa mankhwala a potaziyamu ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za potaziyamu wambiri.

Matenda; Potaziyamu - mkulu; Kuthamanga kwa potaziyamu wamagazi

• Kuyezetsa magazi

Phiri la DB. Kusokonezeka kwa potaziyamu bwino. Mu: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 18.

Seifter JL. Matenda a potaziyamu. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 109.