Alkalosis

Alkalosis ndimkhalidwe womwe madzi amthupi amakhala ndi maziko owonjezera (alkali). Izi ndizosiyana ndi asidi owonjezera (acidosis).

Impso ndi mapapo zimakhala ndi muyeso woyenera (mulingo woyenera wa pH) wamankhwala otchedwa zidulo ndi mabowo mthupi. Kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide (asidi) kapena kuchuluka kwa bicarbonate (m'munsi) kumapangitsa thupi kukhala lamchere kwambiri, vuto lotchedwa alkalosis. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alkalosis. Izi zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Kupuma kwa alkalosis kumayambitsidwa ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon dioxide m'magazi. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• Malungo
• Kukhala pamalo okwera kwambiri
• Kupanda mpweya
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Matenda am'mimba, omwe amakupangitsani kupuma mwachangu (hyperventilate)
• Poizoni wa aspirin

Metabolic alkalosis imayambitsidwa ndi bicarbonate wambiri m'magazi. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ena a impso.

Hypochloremic alkalosis imayamba chifukwa chosowa kwambiri kapena kutayika kwa mankhwala enaake, monga kusanza kwanthawi yayitali.

Hypokalemic alkalosis imayambitsidwa ndi impso poyankha kusowa kwakukulu kapena kutayika kwa potaziyamu. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikumwa mapiritsi ena amadzi (okodzetsa).

Kulipidwa kwa alkalosis kumachitika thupi litabweza acid-base moyenerana ndi vuto la alkalosis, koma ma bicarbonate ndi carbon dioxide amakhala osazolowereka.

Zizindikiro za alkalosis zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Chisokonezo (chitha kupita patsogolo mpaka kukomoka kapena kukomoka)
• Kugwedeza kwamanja
• Mitu yopepuka
• Minofu ikugwedezeka
• Nseru, kusanza
• Kunjenjemera kapena kumenyedwa pankhope, manja, kapena mapazi
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kwa nthawi yayitali (tetany)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za matenda anu.

Mayeso a Laborator omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kusanthula kwa magazi kwamagazi.
• Mayeso a Electrolyte, monga gawo loyambira la kagayidwe kachakudya kuti atsimikizire alkalosis ndikuwonetsa ngati ndi kupuma kapena kagayidwe kachakudya alkalosis.

Mayeso ena angafunike kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa alkalosis. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kupenda kwamadzi
• Mkodzo pH

Kuti muchiritse alkalosis, omwe akukuthandizani ayenera kupeza choyambitsa.

Chifukwa cha alkalosis yoyambitsidwa ndi kupuma kwa mpweya, kupumira m'thumba la pepala kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mpweya woipa wochuluka mthupi lanu, womwe umathandizira alkalosis. Ngati mpweya wanu ndi wochepa, mutha kulandira oxygen.

Mankhwala angafunike kuti athetse vuto la kutayika kwa mankhwala (monga chloride ndi potaziyamu). Yemwe amakupatsirani zowunikira zofunikira zanu (kutentha, kugunda, kupuma, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi).

Matenda ambiri a alkalosis amayankha bwino kuchipatala.

Osachiritsidwa kapena osalandira chithandizo choyenera, zovuta zitha kukhala izi:

• Arrhythmias (mtima ukugunda mofulumira kwambiri, wosakwiya, kapena mosasinthasintha)
• Coma
• Kusagwirizana kwa Electrolyte (monga potaziyamu wochepa)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwasokonekera, osatha kusinkhasinkha, kapena simungathe "kupuma."

Pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati alipo:

• Kutaya chidziwitso
• Zizindikiro zoyipa kwambiri za alkalosis
• Kugwidwa
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma

Kupewa kumatengera chifukwa cha alkalosis.Anthu omwe ali ndi impso zathanzi komanso mapapo nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi alkalosis yoopsa.

• Impso

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Kulimbitsa pakati pa acid. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: mutu 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Kuwunika kwa ntchito yaimpso, madzi, ma electrolyte, ndi acid-base balance. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 14.

Seifter JL. Mavuto amadzimadzi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 110.