Kusabereka

Kusabereka kumatanthauza kuti sungatenge mimba (kutenga pakati).

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kusabereka:

• Kusabereka kwenikweni kumatanthauza maanja omwe sanatenge pakati patadutsa chaka chimodzi akugonana osagwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera.
• Kusabereka kwachiwiri kumatanthauza maanja omwe adatenga mimba kamodzi, koma tsopano sangathe.

Zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe zimatha kubweretsa kusabereka. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mavuto mwa mkazi, mwamuna, kapena onse awiri.

KUSAYIDWA KWA AMAYI

Kusabereka kwachikazi kumatha kuchitika ngati:

• Dzira kapena ubwamuna wosakhwima sukhalapobe ukadzalumikiza m'mbali mwa chiberekero (chiberekero).
• Dzira la umuna silimalumikizana ndi chiberekero.
• Mazirawo sangathe kuchoka m'mimba mwake kupita kumimba.
• Thumba losunga mazira lili ndi vuto lopanga mazira.

Kusabereka kwachikazi kungayambitsidwe ndi:

• Matenda osokoneza bongo, monga antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
• Zolepheretsa kubadwa zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zoberekera
• Khansa kapena chotupa
• Zovuta zotseka
• Matenda a shuga
• Kumwa mowa kwambiri
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri
• Mavuto akudya kapena kusadya bwino
• Kukula (monga fibroids kapena polyps) m'chiberekero ndi chiberekero
• Mankhwala monga chemotherapy mankhwala
• Kusamvana kwa mahomoni
• Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri
• Ukalamba
• Matenda a ovarian ndi polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Matenda a m'mimba omwe amayambitsa ziboda kapena kutupa kwamachubu (hydrosalpinx) kapena matenda am'mimba (PID)
• Kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, opaleshoni yam'mimba kapena endometriosis
• Kusuta
• Opaleshoni yoletsa kutenga mimba (tubal ligation) kapena kulephera kwa kusintha kwa tubal ligation (reanastomosis)
• Matenda a chithokomiro

KUSAKHALA OKHULUPIRIKA

Kusabereka kwa amuna kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha:

• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa umuna
• Kutchinga komwe kumalepheretsa umuna kumasulidwa
• Zofooka mu umuna

Kusabereka kwa amuna kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Zolepheretsa kubadwa
• Mankhwala a khansa, kuphatikizapo chemotherapy ndi radiation
• Kuwonetsa kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yayitali
• Kumwa mowa kwambiri, chamba, kapena cocaine
• Kusamvana kwa Hormone
• Mphamvu
• Matenda
• Mankhwala monga cimetidine, spironolactone, ndi nitrofurantoin
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Ukalamba
• Kubwezeretsanso kukweza
• Kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, kuvulala, kapena opaleshoni
• Kusuta
• Poizoni m'chilengedwe
• Vasectomy kapena kulephera kwa kusintha kwa vasectomy
• Mbiri ya kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa

Mabanja athanzi osakwanitsa zaka 30 omwe amagonana pafupipafupi amakhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kutenga 20% pamwezi mwezi uliwonse.

Mkazi ndi wachonde kwambiri azaka zoyambirira za 20. Mwayi woti mayi atha kutenga pakati watsikira kwambiri atakwanitsa zaka 35 (makamaka atakwanitsa zaka 40). Zaka zomwe chonde chimayamba kuchepa zimasiyana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mkazi.

Mavuto osabereka komanso kuchuluka kwa padera kumawonjezeka kwambiri atakwanitsa zaka 35. Pali njira tsopano zobwezeretsera mazira oyambilira ndikusunga azimayi azaka za 20. Izi zithandizira kuti pakhale mimba yabwino ngati kubereka kwachedwa kufikira atakwanitsa zaka 35. Iyi ndi njira yokwera mtengo. Komabe, azimayi omwe amadziwa kuti adzafunika kuchedwa kubereka angaganizire izi.

Kusankha nthawi yoti mulandire chithandizo cha kusabereka kumadalira msinkhu wanu. Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amati azimayi ochepera zaka 30 amayesa kutenga pakati paokha kwa chaka chimodzi asanayezetse.

Azimayi opitilira 35 akuyenera kutenga pakati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati sizichitika nthawi imeneyo, ayenera kukambirana ndi omwe amawapatsa.

Kuyesa kusabereka kumakhudza mbiri ya zamankhwala komanso kuyezetsa thupi kwa onse awiri.

Mayeso amwazi ndi kuyerekezera amafunikira nthawi zambiri. Kwa akazi, izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, kuphatikiza progesterone ndi follicle yolimbikitsa mahomoni (FSH)
• Zipangizo zowunikira mkodzo wanyumba
• Kuyeza kwa kutentha kwa thupi m'mawa uliwonse kuti muwone ngati thumba losunga mazira likutulutsa mazira
• Mayeso a FSH ndi clomid
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa antimullerian hormone (AMH)
• Zowonjezera (HSG)
• Pelvic ultrasound
• Laparoscopy
• Mayeso a chithokomiro

Kuyesedwa mwa amuna kungaphatikizepo:

• Kuyesa umuna
• Mayeso a ma testes ndi mbolo
• Ultrasound mwa maliseche amphongo (nthawi zina amachitidwa)
• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni
• Testicular biopsy (osachita kawirikawiri)

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha kusabereka. Zitha kuphatikizira:

• Maphunziro ndi upangiri wokhudzana ndi vutoli
• Mankhwala othandizira kubereka monga intrauterine insemination (IUI) ndi in vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Mankhwala ochizira matenda ndi vuto la kuundana
• Mankhwala omwe amathandiza kukula ndi kumasulidwa kwa mazira m'mimba mwake

Maanja atha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi pakati mwezi uliwonse pogonana osachepera masiku awiri asanakwane komanso nthawi yovundikira.

Kutsekemera kumachitika pafupifupi masabata awiri msambo wina usanayambike. Chifukwa chake, ngati mayi atenga msambo masiku 28 aliwonse awiriwo ayenera kugonana osachepera masiku awiri aliwonse kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 18 atangoyamba kumene kusamba.

Kugonana kusanachitike ovulation kumathandiza makamaka.

• Umuna ukhoza kukhala mkati mwa thupi la mkazi kwa masiku osachepera awiri.
• Komabe, dzira la mkazi limatha kulumikizidwa ndi umuna mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 24 atatulutsidwa.

Azimayi omwe ali ochepera kapena onenepa kwambiri akhoza kuwonjezera mwayi wawo wokhala ndi pakati pofika kunenepa kwambiri.

Anthu ambiri zimawawona kukhala zothandiza kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa zofananira. Mutha kufunsa omwe akukuthandizani kuti alimbikitse magulu am'deralo.

Pafupifupi 1 mwa mabanja asanu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lakubereka amatha kukhala ndi pakati popanda chithandizo.

Mabanja ambiri osabereka amatenga pakati atalandira chithandizo.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati simungathe kutenga pakati.

Kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana, monga gonorrhea ndi chlamydia, kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chosabereka.

Kukhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, kulemera, komanso moyo wanu kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wokhala ndi pakati komanso kukhala ndi pakati.

Kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola panthawi yogonana kungathandize kuti umuna ugwire bwino ntchito.

Kulephera kutenga pakati; Simungathe kutenga pakati

• Ziphuphu zam'mimba
• Matupi achikazi oberekera
• Kutengera kwamwamuna kubereka
• Kusabereka koyambirira
• Umuna

Barak S, Gordon Baker HW. Kuwongolera kwachipatala cha kusabereka kwa amuna. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 141.

Broekmans FJ, Fauser BCJM. Kusabereka kwazimayi: kuwunika ndi kuwongolera. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 132.

Catherino WH. Endocrinology yobereka komanso kusabereka.: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 223.

Lobo RA. Kusabereka: etiology, kuwunika matenda, kuwongolera, kudwala. Mu: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, olemba. Gynecology Yambiri. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 42.

Komiti Yoyeserera ya American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Kuzindikira kusanthula kwa amayi osabereka: lingaliro la komiti. Feteleza wosabala. 2015; 103 (6): e44-e50. PMID: 25936238 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936238.

Komiti Yoyeserera ya American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Kuzindikira kusanthula kwamwamuna wosabereka: lingaliro la komiti. Feteleza wosabala. 2015; 103 (3): e18-e25. PMID: 25597249 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597249.