Khansa ya testicular

Khansa ya machende ndi khansa yomwe imayambira machende. Machende ndi tiziwalo toberekera tomwe timapezeka mndende.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya testicular sizimamveka bwino. Zinthu zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo cha abambo kukhala ndi khansa ya testicular ndi izi:

• Kukula kwachilendo
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena
• Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya testicular
• Matenda a HIV
• Mbiri ya khansa ya testicular
• Mbiri ya machende osavomerezeka (machende amodzi kapena onse awiri amalephera kusunthira asanabadwe)
• Matenda a Klinefelter
• Kusabereka
• Kusuta fodya
• Matenda a Down

Khansa ya testicular ndi khansa yofala kwambiri mwa amuna achichepere komanso azaka zapakati. Zitha kuchitika mwa amuna achikulire, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mwa anyamata achichepere.

Azungu ndiwothekera kwambiri kuposa amuna aku Africa American ndi Asia American kukhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu.

Palibe kulumikizana pakati pa vasectomy ndi khansa ya testicular.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya testicular:

• Masemina
• Nonseminomas

Khansa izi zimakula kuchokera kuma cell a majeremusi, maselo omwe amapanga umuna.

Seminoma: Uwu ndi mtundu wochepa wa khansa ya testicular yomwe imapezeka mwa amuna azaka za 40 ndi 50s. Khansara ili m'mayeso, koma imatha kufalikira kumatenda am'mimba. Kuphatikizidwa kwa lymph node kumathandizidwa ndi radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy. Maseminomas ndiotakasuka kwambiri pakuthandizira ma radiation.

Nonseminoma: Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa khansa ya testicular umakula msanga kuposa seminomas.

Zotupa za Nonseminoma nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yopitilira imodzi yamaselo, ndipo amadziwika malinga ndi mitundu iyi yama cell:

• Choriocarcinoma (kawirikawiri)
• Khansa ya m'mimba
• Teratoma
• Chotupa chazikwama

Chotupa cha stromal ndi mtundu wosowa wa chotupa cha testicular. Nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi khansa. Mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri ya zotupa za stromal ndi zotupa za Leydig ndi zotupa za Sertoli. Zotupa za Stromal nthawi zambiri zimachitika ali mwana.

Sipangakhale zizindikiro. Khansara ingawoneke ngati misa yopanda ululu m'mayeso. Ngati pali zizindikiro, zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kusamva bwino kapena kupweteka kwa machende, kapena kumverera kolemetsa m'matumbo
• Kupweteka kumbuyo kapena m'munsi pamimba
• Thupi lokulitsa kapena kusintha momwe akumvera
• Kuchuluka kwa minofu ya m'mawere (gynecomastia), komabe izi zimatha kuchitika mwa anyamata omwe alibe khansa ya testicular
• Mphuno kapena kutupa machende onse

Zizindikiro m'mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapu, pamimba, m'chiuno, kumbuyo, kapena muubongo, zitha kuonekanso ngati khansara yafalikira kunja kwa machende.

Kuunika kwakuthupi kumawulula chotupa cholimba m'matumbo amodzi. Wothandizira zaumoyo akatenga tochi mpaka pamatumbo, nyali sikudutsa pamtambo. Kuyeza uku kumatchedwa transillumination.

Mayesero ena ndi awa:

• Mimba ndi m'mimba mwa CT scan
• Kuyesa magazi pazotupa: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), ndi lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Ultrasound ya scrotum
• Kujambula mafupa ndi mutu wa CT scan (kuyang'ana kufalikira kwa khansa m'mafupa ndi kumutu)
• Ubongo wa MRI

Chithandizo chimadalira:

• Mtundu wa chotupa cha testicular
• Gawo la chotupacho

Khansa ikapezeka, gawo loyamba ndikudziwitsa mtundu wa khungu la khansa poyeserera ndi microscope. Maselo amatha kukhala seminoma, nonseminoma, kapena onse awiri.

Gawo lotsatira ndikudziwa momwe khansara yafalikira mpaka mbali zina za thupi. Izi zimatchedwa "staging."

• Khansara ya Gawo I silinafalikire kupitirira machende.
• Khansara yachiwiri yafalikira kumatenda am'mimba m'mimba.
• Khansa ya Gawo lachitatu yafalikira kupyola ma lymph node (itha kufika pachiwindi, mapapo, kapena ubongo).

Mitundu itatu yamankhwala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

• Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimachotsa testicle (orchiectomy).
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray kapena ma radiation ena amphamvu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti chotupa chisabwerere. Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza masemina.
• Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa apititsa patsogolo kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi seminomas ndi nonseminomas.

Kuyanjana ndi gulu lothandizira momwe mamembala amagawana zomwe amakumana nazo ndimavuto nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kupsinjika kwa matenda.

Khansa ya testicular ndi imodzi mwa khansa yochiritsidwa komanso yochiritsidwa.

Kuchuluka kwa amuna omwe ali ndi seminoma yoyambirira (mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa khansa ya testicular) ndi wamkulu kuposa 95%. Kutha kopanda matenda kwa khansa ya Gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu ndikotsika pang'ono, kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho komanso pomwe mankhwala ayamba.

Khansa ya testicular imafalikira mbali zina za thupi. Masamba omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

• Chiwindi
• Mapapo
• Dera la Retroperitoneal (dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi impso kuseri kwa ziwalo zina m'mimba)
• Ubongo
• Fupa

Zovuta za opaleshoni zitha kukhala:

• Magazi ndi matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni
• Kusabereka (ngati machende onse atachotsedwa)

Opulumuka khansa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda:

• Zotupa zachiwiri zoyipa (khansa yachiwiri imachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana mthupi lomwe limayamba pambuyo pochiza khansa yoyamba)
• Matenda amtima
• Matenda amadzimadzi

Komanso, zovuta zazitali kwa omwe adapulumuka khansa zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Matenda a m'mitsempha
• Matenda a impso
• Kuwonongeka kwa khutu lamkati kuchokera kumankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito khansa

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mungafune kudzakhalanso ndi ana mtsogolo, funsani omwe akukuthandizani za njira zosungira umuna wanu kuti adzaugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya testicular.

Kuyezetsa magazi (TSE) mwezi uliwonse kungathandize kuzindikira khansa ya machende isanakwane. Kupeza khansa ya testicular koyambirira ndikofunikira kuti muthandizidwe bwino ndikupulumuka. Komabe, kuyezetsa khansa ya testicular sikuvomerezeka kwa anthu onse ku United States.

Khansa - testes; Chotupa cha majeremusi; Khansa ya testicular ya Seminoma; Nonseminoma testicular khansa; Mitsempha ya testicular

• Chemotherapy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Thandizo la radiation - mafunso omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Kutengera kwamwamuna kubereka
• Njira yoberekera yamwamuna

Einhorn LH. Khansa ya testicular. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 190.

Friedlander TW, Wamng'ono EJ. Khansa ya testicular. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 83.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya testicular (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-kuchiza-pdq#section/_85. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 21, 2020. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 5, 2020.