Matenda a Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa khansa yomwe imayamba kuchokera minyewa yaminyewa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa makanda ndi ana.

Neuroblastoma imatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri amthupi. Amayamba kuchokera kumatumba omwe amapanga dongosolo lamanjenje lomvera. Ili ndi gawo lamanjenje lomwe limayang'anira momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, monga kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, chimbudzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ena.

Ma neuroblastomas ambiri amayamba m'mimba, mu adrenal gland, pafupi ndi msana wam'mimba, kapena pachifuwa. Neuroblastomas imafalikira mpaka mafupa. Mafupa amaphatikizira omwe ali pankhope, chigaza, m'chiuno, mapewa, mikono, ndi miyendo. Ikhozanso kufalikira mpaka m'mafupa, chiwindi, ma lymph node, khungu, komanso mozungulira maso.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chotupazo sizikudziwika. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti vuto m'majini limatha kuthandizira. Theka la zotupa zimakhalapo pakubadwa. Neuroblastoma amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana asanakwanitse zaka 5. Chaka chilichonse pamakhala milandu pafupifupi 700 ku United States. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata.

Kwa anthu ambiri, chotupacho chafalikira pomwe chimapezeka koyamba.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala malungo, kumva kudwala (malaise), ndi kupweteka. Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa njala, kuonda, ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zina zimadalira pomwe panali chotupacho, ndipo mwina ndi monga:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma mtima (ngati khansara yafalikira mpaka mafupa)
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kutsokomola kosatha (ngati khansara yafalikira pachifuwa)
• M'mimba wokulitsidwa (kuchokera pachotupa chachikulu kapena madzimadzi owonjezera)
• Khungu lofiira, lofiira
• Khungu loyera ndi mtundu wabuluu mozungulira maso
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kuthamanga kwamtima mwachangu (tachycardia)

Mavuto aubongo ndi mitsempha atha kuphatikiza:

• Kulephera kutulutsa chikhodzodzo
• Kutaya kuyenda (ziwalo) za m'chiuno, miyendo, kapena mapazi (kumapeto kwenikweni)
• Mavuto ndi kusamala
• Kusuntha kwamaso kosalamulirika kapena kuyenda kwamiyendo ndi miyendo (yotchedwa opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, kapena "maso ovina ndi mapazi akuvina")

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala adzawunika mwanayo. Kutengera ndi komwe kuli chotupacho:

• Pakhoza kukhala chotupa kapena misa pamimba.
• Chiwindi chikhoza kukulitsidwa, ngati chotupacho chafalikira pachiwindi.
• Pakhoza kukhala kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa mtima ngati chotupacho chili mu adrenal gland.
• Matenda am'mimba amatha kutupa.

X-ray kapena mayeso ena ojambula amagwiridwa kuti apeze chotupa chachikulu (choyambirira) ndikuwona komwe chafalikira. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Kujambula mafupa
• Mafupa x-ray
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa ndi pamimba
• Kujambula kwa MRI pachifuwa ndi pamimba

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kutupa kwa chotupa
• Kutupa kwa mafupa
• Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC) kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi kapena zina zachilendo
• Maphunziro a coagulation ndi erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• Kuyesedwa kwa mahormone (kuyesa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni monga catecholamines)
• Kujambula kwa MIBG (kuyesa kujambula kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa neuroblastoma)
• Mayeso a maola 24 a katekolamines, homovanillic acid (HVA), ndi vanillymandelic acid (VMA)

Chithandizo chimadalira:

• Kumene kuli chotupacho
• Zingati komanso komwe chotupacho chafalikira
• Msinkhu wa munthuyo

Nthawi zina, opaleshoni yokha ndiyokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, komabe, mankhwala ena amafunikanso. Mankhwala a anticancer (chemotherapy) atha kulimbikitsidwa ngati chotupacho chafalikira.Thandizo la radiation lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, ndi immunotherapy akugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu kuti musamve nokha.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana. Mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri, chotupacho chimatha chokha, osalandira chithandizo. Kapena, ziphuphu za chotupacho zimatha kukula ndikukula kukhala chotupa chosakhala cha khansa (chotupa) chotchedwa ganglioneuroma, chomwe chimatha kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, chotupacho chimafalikira msanga.

Kuyankha kwa mankhwala kumasiyananso. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopambana ngati khansa isafalikire. Ngati yafalikira, neuroblastoma ndi yovuta kuchiza. Ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amachita bwino kuposa ana okulirapo.

Ana omwe amachiritsidwa ndi neuroblastoma atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa yachiwiri, yosiyana mtsogolo.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kufalikira (metastasis) ya chotupacho
• Kuwonongeka ndi kutayika kwa ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za neuroblastoma. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo kumathandizira kuti pakhale mwayi wabwino.

Khansa - neuroblastoma

• Neuroblastoma m'chiwindi - CT scan

Dome JS, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Spunt SL, Santana VM. (Adasankhidwa) Zotupa zolimba za ana. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: chap 95.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha Neuroblastoma (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-kuchiritsa-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 17, 2018. Idapezeka Novembala 12, 2018.