Khate

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro zakhate ndi ziti?
• Kodi khate limawoneka bwanji?
• Kodi khate limafalikira motani?
• Kodi mitundu ya khate ndi iti?
• 1. Khate lachifuwa vs. khate lakhate vs. khate lakumalire
• 2.Gulu la World Health Organisation (WHO)
• 3. Gulu la Ridley-Jopling
• Kodi matenda akhate amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi khate limachiritsidwa motani?
• Kodi mavuto akhate ndi otani?
• Ndingapewe bwanji khate?
• Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?
• Zolemba pazolemba

Khate ndi chiyani?

Matenda akhate ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya Mycobacterium leprae. Zimakhudza kwambiri mitsempha ya kumapeto, khungu, pamphuno, ndi pamtunda. Khate limatchedwanso matenda a Hansen.

Khate limatulutsa zilonda pakhungu, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, ndi kufooka kwa minofu. Ngati sichithandizidwa, imatha kupangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolumala komanso akhale wolumala.

Khate ndi amodzi mwa matenda akale kwambiri m'mbiri yakale. Buku loyamba lodziwika lonena za khate limachokera cha m'ma 600 B.C.

Khate limapezeka kwambiri m’mayiko ambiri, makamaka m’madera otentha kapena otentha. Sizachilendo ku United States. Malipoti akuti ndi anthu 150 mpaka 250 okha omwe amapezeka ku United States chaka chilichonse.

Kodi zizindikiro zakhate ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za khate ndizo:

• kufooka kwa minofu
• dzanzi m'manja, mikono, mapazi, ndi miyendo
• zotupa pakhungu

Zilonda pakhungu zimachepetsa kutsika kwa kukhudza, kutentha, kapena kupweteka. Samachira, ngakhale atatha milungu ingapo. Amakhala opepuka kuposa khungu lanu labwinobwino kapena atha kufiira chifukwa chotupa.

Kodi khate limawoneka bwanji?

Kodi khate limafalikira motani?

Bakiteriya Mycobacterium leprae imayambitsa khate. Zimaganiziridwa kuti khate limafalikira kudzera pakukhudzana ndi zotupa za mucosal za munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri munthu wakhate akayetsemula kapena kutsokomola.

Matendawa siopatsirana kwambiri. Komabe, kuyandikira pafupipafupi ndi munthu wosachiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kudwalitsa khate.

Bakiteriya amene amachititsa khate amachulukitsa pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kusakaniza (nthawi pakati pa matenda komanso mawonekedwe oyamba), malinga ndi World Health Organisation (WHO).

Zizindikiro sizingawonekere kwa zaka 20.

Malinga ndi New England Journal of Medicine, armadillo wobadwira kumwera kwa United States ndi Mexico amathanso kutenga matendawa ndikupatsira anthu.

Kodi mitundu ya khate ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu yogawa khate.

1. Khate lachifuwa vs. khate lakhate vs. khate lakumalire

Njira yoyamba imazindikira mitundu itatu ya khate: chifuwa chachikulu, khate, ndi malire. Momwe chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chimatengera mtundu wa khate lomwe ali nalo:

• Mu khate la chifuwa chachikulu, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chabwino. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa amangoonetsa zilonda zochepa. Matendawa ndiofatsa koma opatsirana modekha.
• Mu khate lakhate, chitetezo cha mthupi sichikhala bwino. Mtundu uwu umakhudzanso khungu, misempha, ndi ziwalo zina. Pali zotupa ponseponse, kuphatikizapo ma nodule (zotupa zazikulu ndi zotupa). Matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri.
• Mu khate lakumalire, pali zochitika zamankhwala zamatenda onse a chifuwa chachikulu komanso khate. Mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti uli pakati pa mitundu iwiriyo.

2.Gulu la World Health Organisation (WHO)

Matendawa kutengera mtundu ndi khungu lomwe lakhudzidwa:

• Gulu loyamba ndi paucibacillary. Pali zotupa zisanu kapena zochepa ndipo palibe bakiteriya yomwe imapezeka pakhungu.
• Gulu lachiwiri ndi multibacillary. Pali zotupa zoposa zisanu, bakiteriya amapezeka pakhungu pakhungu, kapena onse awiri.

3. Gulu la Ridley-Jopling

Maphunziro azachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Ridley-Jopling. Ili ndi magawo asanu kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikilo.

Palinso mawonekedwe a khate otchedwa indeterminate khate omwe sali m'gulu la Ridley-Jopling. Amawonedwa ngati khate loyambirira kwambiri pomwe munthu amakhala ndi chotupa chimodzi chokha cha khungu chomwe chimangoti kufooka pang'ono.

Khate losatha lingathetsedwe kapena kupita patsogolo mwa imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ya khate mkati mwa dongosolo la Ridley-Jopling.

Kodi matenda akhate amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani kuti muwone zizindikiritso za matendawa. Adzachitanso biopsy momwe amachotsera khungu kapena mitsempha ndikutumiza ku labotale kukayesedwa.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyesa khungu la khate kuti adziwe mtundu wa khate. Adzilowetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa khate, tomwe sitinachite kanthu, pakhungu, makamaka kumtunda.

Anthu omwe ali ndi khate la chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kapena m'malire adzapeza zotsatira zabwino pamalo obayira.

Kodi khate limachiritsidwa motani?

WHO idapanga mu 1995 kuchiritsa khate la mitundu yonse. Imapezeka kwaulere padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuphatikiza apo, maantibayotiki angapo amachiza khate mwa kupha mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa. Maantibayotiki awa ndi awa:

• dapsone (Aczone)
• Rifampin (Rifadin)
• clofazimine (Lamprene)
• minocycline (Minocin)
• ofloxacin (Ocuflux)

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni maantibayotiki opitilira nthawi imodzi.

Akhozanso kufuna kuti mutenge mankhwala oletsa kutupa monga aspirin (Bayer), prednisone (Rayos), kapena thalidomide (Thalomid). Mankhwalawa amatha miyezi ingapo mpaka 1 mpaka 2.

Simuyenera kumwa thalidomide ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mutha kutenga pakati. Itha kubereka zolakwika zazikulu kubadwa.

Kodi mavuto akhate ndi otani?

Kuchedwa kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwonongeka
• kutayika tsitsi, makamaka pa nsidze ndi nsidze
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kuwonongeka kwaminyewa kwamanja ndi miyendo
• Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito manja ndi mapazi
• Kuchuluka kwa mphuno, kutulutsa magazi m'mphuno, ndi kugwa kwa septum yammphuno
• iritis, komwe ndikutupa kwa iris ya diso
• glaucoma, matenda amaso omwe amawononga mitsempha yamawonedwe
• khungu
• Kulephera kwa erectile (ED)
• osabereka
• impso kulephera

Ndingapewe bwanji khate?

Njira yabwino yopewera khate ndiyo kupewa kuyandikira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi munthu wosadwala yemwe ali ndi matendawa.

Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Maganizo anu onse amakhala bwino ngati dokotala atazindikira kuti khate lanu lisadafike pachimake. Chithandizo choyambirira chimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ina, kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa matendawa, komanso kupewa zovuta zaumoyo.

Maganizo ake amakhala akuipiraipira pomwe matenda amapezeka kwambiri, munthu atakhala ndi chilema kapena kupunduka. Komabe, chithandizo choyenera chikadali chofunikira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwina kwa thupi ndikupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa kwa ena.

Pakhoza kukhala zovuta zamankhwala nthawi zonse ngakhale mutakhala ndi maantibayotiki opambana, koma adotolo azitha kugwira nanu ntchito kuti akupatseni chisamaliro choyenera kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi zovuta zotsalira.

Zolemba pazolemba

• Anand PP, ndi al. (2014). Khate lokongola: nkhope ina ya matenda a Hansen! Kubwereza. CHINSINSI: 10.1016 / j.ejcdt.2014.04.005
• Gulu la khate. (nd).
• Gasi wamagetsi J, et al. (2016). Khate la Pauci- ndi multibacillary: Matenda awiri osiyanitsidwa ndi chibadwa.
• Khate. (2018).
• Khate. (nd). https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/leprosy/
• Khate (matenda a Hansen). (nd). https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/viewport/CG/english/leprosy-hansens-disease-16689690.html
• Khate: Chithandizo. (nd). http://www.searo.who.int/entity/leprosy/topics/the_treatment
• Pardillo FEF, ndi al. (2007). Njira zogawira khate pochizira. https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/44/8/1096/298106
• Scollard D, ndi al. (2018). Khate: Epidemiology, microbiology, mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndi matenda. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/leprosy-epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
• Zotsatira za Tierney D, et al. (2018). Khate. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/mycobacteria/leprosy
• Truman RW, ndi al. (2011). Khate la zoonotic mwina kumwera kwa United States. CHITANI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1010536
• Matenda a Hansen ndi chiyani? (2017).
• Chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri cha WHO. (nd).