Chialubino

Albinism ndi vuto la kupanga melanin. Melanin ndi chinthu chachilengedwe m'thupi chomwe chimapereka utoto kwa tsitsi lanu, khungu lanu, komanso khungu lanu.

Kukhala alubino kumachitika chifukwa chimodzi mwaziphuphu zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kutulutsa kapena kufalitsa melanin.

Zolakwika izi zitha kupitilizidwa (kubadwa) kudzera m'mabanja.

Mtundu waualubino woopsa kwambiri umatchedwa oculocutaneous albinism. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa chialubino amakhala ndi tsitsi loyera kapena pinki, khungu, ndi utoto. Amakhalanso ndi mavuto a masomphenya.

Mtundu wina wa chialubino, wotchedwa ocular albinism mtundu 1 (OA1), umakhudza maso okha. Khungu ndi diso la munthuyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyambira. Komabe, kuyezetsa diso kukuwonetsa kuti palibe utoto kumbuyo kwa diso (retina).

Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) ndi mtundu wina wa chialubino womwe umayamba chifukwa chosintha kukhala jini imodzi. Zitha kuchitika ndikutuluka magazi, komanso matenda am'mapapo, impso, komanso matumbo.

Munthu amene ndi alubino akhoza kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi:

• Palibe mtundu watsitsi, khungu, kapena khungu la diso
• Opepuka kuposa khungu labwinobwino ndi tsitsi
• Mapazi a khungu losowa

Mitundu yambiri ya maalubino imalumikizidwa ndi izi:

• Maso owoloka
• Kuzindikira kuwala
• Kusuntha kwamaso mwachangu
• Mavuto amawonedwe, kapena khungu logwira ntchito

Kuyezetsa magazi kumapereka njira yolondola kwambiri yozindikirira kuti ndi alubino. Kuyezetsa koteroko kumathandiza ngati muli ndi banja lakale lachialubino. Zimathandizanso m'magulu ena a anthu omwe amadziwika kuti amatenga matendawa.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amathanso kuzindikira matendawa kutengera khungu lanu, tsitsi lanu, ndi maso anu. Dokotala wamaso wotchedwa ophthalmologist amatha kupanga ma elektroretinogram. Uwu ndi mayeso omwe angawulule zovuta zamasomphenya zokhudzana ndi albino. Chiyeso chotchedwa kuyesa kutulutsa kuthekera kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri ngati matendawa sakudziwika.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthetsa zizindikiro.Zimatengera kukula kwa matendawa.

Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kuteteza khungu ndi maso ku dzuwa. Kuti muchite izi:

• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chowotcha dzuwa popewa dzuwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa, ndikudziphimba ndi zovala mukakhala padzuwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa (SPF).
• Valani magalasi (UV otetezedwa) kuti athandizire kutulutsa kuwala.

Magalasi nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa kuti athetse mavuto amaso ndi mawonekedwe amaso. Opaleshoni ya minofu yamaso nthawi zina imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikonze mayendedwe achilendo.

Magulu otsatirawa atha kupereka zambiri ndi zowonjezera:

• National Organisation for Albinism and Hypopigmentation - www.albinism.org
• Buku Lofotokozera la NIH / NLM Genetics - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ocular-albinism

Kukhala alubino nthawi zambiri sikukhudza moyo wa munthu. Komabe, HPS imatha kufupikitsa moyo wa munthu chifukwa cha matenda am'mapapo kapena mavuto am'magazi.

Anthu omwe ndi alubino amatha kuchita zinthu zochepa chifukwa sangathe kupirira dzuwa.

Zovuta izi zitha kuchitika:

• Kuchepetsa kuwona, khungu
• Khansa yapakhungu

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi vuto lachialubino kapena matenda monga kukhudzika kopepuka komwe kumabweretsa mavuto. Komanso itanani ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pakhungu komwe kungakhale chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansa yapakhungu.

Chifukwa chakuti ualubino ndi wobadwa nawo, upangiri wa majini ndiofunika. Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakukhala alubino kapena owala kwambiri ayenera kulingalira za upangiri wa majini.

Albino; Alubino amaso

• Tsamba

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Mu: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli ndi Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 20.

Joyce JC. Zilonda za Hypopigmented. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 672.

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Matenda a pigmentation. Mu: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, eds. Matenda Ovulaza Achipatala a Hurwitz. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 11.