Kulemala kwamaluso

Kulemala kwamalingaliro ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 18 lomwe limaphatikizapo magwiridwe antchito anzeru komanso kupanda luso lofunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

M'mbuyomu, mawu oti kuchepa kwamaganizidwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza izi. Mawuwa sagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Kulemala kwamalingaliro kumakhudza pafupifupi 1% mpaka 3% ya anthu. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolumala, koma madokotala amapeza chifukwa china mwa 25% yokha ya milandu.

Zowopsa zimayenderana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala m'maganizo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Matenda (omwe amabadwa pobadwa kapena amapezeka atabadwa)
• Chromosomal zovuta (monga Down syndrome)
• Zachilengedwe
• Metabolic (monga hyperbilirubinemia, kapena milingo yayitali kwambiri ya bilirubin mwa ana)
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi (monga kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi)
• Poizoni (kumwa intrauterine mowa, cocaine, amphetamines, ndi mankhwala ena)
• Zoopsa (asanabadwe komanso atabadwa)
• Osadziwika (madotolo sakudziwa chifukwa chakulephera kwamunthu)

Monga banja, mungaganize kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la nzeru mwana wanu ali ndi izi:

• Kulephera kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa luso lagalimoto, luso la chilankhulo, komanso luso lodzithandizira, makamaka poyerekeza ndi anzawo
• Kulephera kukula mwanzeru kapena kupitiriza kukhala ngati khanda
• Kupanda chidwi
• Mavuto opitiliza sukulu
• Kulephera kusintha (sinthani zinthu zina)
• Kuvuta kumvetsetsa ndikutsatira malamulo achikhalidwe

Zizindikiro zakulemala kwamaganizidwe zimatha kukhala zochepa mpaka zochepa.

Mayeso otukuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mwanayo:

• Chiyeso chazithunzi chaku Denver
• Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana pansipa
• Kukula pansi pamsinkhu wa anzawo
• Malingaliro a Intelligence quotient (IQ) ochepera 70 pamayeso ofanana a IQ

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikulitsa kuthekera kwa munthuyo mokwanira. Maphunziro apadera ndi maphunziro atha kuyamba adakali akhanda. Izi zikuphatikiza maluso ochezera omwe amathandizira kuti munthu azigwira bwino ntchito momwe angathere.

Ndikofunikira kuti katswiri amuunze munthuyo ngati ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo komanso amisala. Anthu olumala nzeru nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi upangiri wamakhalidwe.

Kambiranani za chithandizo cha chithandizo cha mwana wanu ndi chithandizo chanu kapena wothandizira zaumoyo kuti muthandize mwana wanu kukwaniritsa zomwe angathe.

Izi zitha kukupatsirani zambiri:

• American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability - www.aaidd.org
• Chombo - www.thearc.org
• National Association for Down Syndrome - www.nads.org

Zotsatira zimadalira:

• Kukula kwake ndi chifukwa cha kulephera kwa nzeru
• Zochitika zina
• Chithandizo ndi chithandizo

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wopindulitsa ndipo amaphunzira kuchita zinthu pawokha. Ena amafunikira malo owongoleredwa kuti achite bwino.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Muli ndi nkhawa zilizonse zakukula kwa mwana wanu
• Mukuwona kuti luso lamagalimoto kapena chilankhulo cha mwana wanu silikukula bwino
• Mwana wanu ali ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo

Chibadwa. Upangiri wa chibadwa ndi kuwunika panthawi yapakati kumatha kuthandiza makolo kumvetsetsa zoopsa ndikupanga mapulani ndi zisankho.

Zachikhalidwe. Mapulogalamu azaumoyo amatha kuchepetsa kupunduka komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Kulowererapo msanga pamikhalidwe yokhudza nkhanza ndi umphawi kungathandizenso.

Oopsa. Kupewa kupezeka kwa lead, mercury, ndi poizoni zina kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha olumala. Kuphunzitsa azimayi za kuopsa kwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali ndi pakati kungathandizenso kuchepetsa ngozi.

Matenda opatsirana. Matenda ena amatha kupunduka mwanzeru. Kupewa matendawa kumachepetsa chiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a rubella amatha kupewedwa kudzera mu katemera. Kupewa kupezeka ndi ndowe zamphaka zomwe zingayambitse toxoplasmosis panthawi yoyembekezera kumathandiza kuchepetsa kulemala kwa matendawa.

Matenda otukuka; Kulephera kwamaganizidwe

Msonkhano wa American Psychiatric. Kulemala kwamaluso. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwama Psychiatric ku America; 2013: 33-41.

Shapiro BK, sindidzataya INE. Kuchedwa kwakukula ndi kulephera kwa nzeru. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 53.