Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis ndi vuto lobadwa nalo pomwe imodzi kapena zingapo zotsekemera pamutu wa mwana zimatseka kale kuposa masiku onse.

Chigaza cha khanda kapena mwana wamng'ono chimapangidwa ndi mbale zamathambo zomwe zikukula. Malire omwe mbale izi zimadutsamo amatchedwa suture kapena mizere ya suture. Masuture amalola kukula kwa chigaza. Nthawi zambiri amatseka ("fuse") nthawi yomwe mwana amakhala wazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kutseka koyambirira kwa suture kumapangitsa kuti mwanayo akhale ndi mutu wopindika modabwitsa. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwaubongo.

Chifukwa cha craniosynostosis sichikudziwika. Chibadwa chimatha kutenga nawo mbali, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala palibe mbiri yabanja yazimene zachitikazo. Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kubwera chifukwa chapanikizika kwakunja pamutu wa mwana asanabadwe. Kukula kwachilendo pamunsi mwa chigaza ndi nembanemba zozungulira mafupa a chigaza amakhulupirira kuti zimakhudza mayendedwe am'mafupa akamakula.

Zikachitika kudzera m'mabanja, zimatha kuchitika ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga kugwidwa, kuchepa kwa nzeru, ndi khungu. Matenda amtundu wambiri omwe amalumikizidwa ndi craniosynostosis ndi Crouzon, Apert, Carpenter, Saethre-Chotzen, ndi Pfeiffer syndromes.

Komabe, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi craniosynostosis amakhala athanzi ndipo amakhala ndi luntha.

Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa craniosynostosis. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Palibe "malo ofewa" (fontanelle) pa chigaza cha mwana wakhanda
• Chingwe cholimba chomwe chidakwezedwa pamiyendo yomwe yakhudzidwa
• Mawonekedwe osazolowereka
• Kukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kuchepa kwa mutu pakapita nthawi mwana akamakula

Mitundu ya craniosynostosis ndi:

• Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Zimakhudza suture wamkulu pamwamba pamutu. Kutseka koyambirira kumakakamiza mutu kuti ukhale wautali komanso wopapatiza, m'malo mokulira. Ana omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu amakhala ndi chipumi chachikulu. Amakonda kwambiri anyamata kuposa atsikana.
• Frontalioioiophalaly ndi mtundu wotsatira wotsatira kwambiri. Zimakhudza suture yomwe imayambira khutu mpaka khutu pamwamba pamutu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbali imodzi, ndikupangitsa kupendekeka pamphumi, nsidze, ndi khutu lotchuka mbali imeneyo. Mphuno ya mwanayo ingawoneke ngati ikukoka mbali imeneyo. Izi ndizofala kwambiri mwa atsikana kuposa anyamata.
• Metopic synostosis ndi mawonekedwe osowa omwe amakhudza suture pafupi ndi pamphumi. Mawonekedwe amutu wamwana atha kufotokozedwa ngati trigonocephaly, chifukwa kumtunda kwa mutu kumawoneka kwamakona atatu, ndi mphumi yopapatiza kapena yosongoka. Zitha kukhala zochepa mpaka zochepa.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzamva mutu wa khanda ndikupanga mayeso athupi.

Mayesero otsatirawa akhoza kuchitika:

• Kuyeza kuzungulira kwa mutu wa khanda
• X-ray ya chigaza
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu

Kuyendera ana bwino ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamalira mwana wanu. Amalola woperekayo kuti aziona pafupipafupi kukula kwa mutu wa khanda lanu pakapita nthawi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira mavuto aliwonse koyambirira.

Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imafunika. Zimachitika mwana akadali khanda. Zolinga za opaleshoni ndi izi:

• Pewani kupanikizika kulikonse muubongo.
• Onetsetsani kuti pali malo okwanira mu chigaza kuti ubongo uzikula bwino.
• Sinthani mawonekedwe amutu wamwana.

Momwe mwana amachitira bwino zimadalira:

• Ndi ma suture angati omwe akukhudzidwa
• Thanzi lonse la mwanayo

Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli omwe achita opaleshoni amachita bwino nthawi zambiri, makamaka ngati vutoli silikugwirizana ndi matenda amtundu.

Craniosynostosis imabweretsa kupunduka kwamutu komwe kumatha kukhala koopsa komanso kosatha ngati sikukonzedwa. Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwonjezeka kwachangu
• Kugwidwa
• Kuchedwa kwakukula

Itanani yemwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali:

• Mawonekedwe osazolowereka
• Mavuto ndi kukula
• Zitunda zodziwika bwino pamutu

Kutseka msanga kwa sutures; Synostosis; Mitsempha yamagazi; Scaphocephaly; Fontanelle - craniosynostosis; Malo ofewa - craniosynostosis

• Kukonzekera kwa craniosynostosis - kutulutsa

• Chibade cha mwana wakhanda

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zambiri za craniosynostosis. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/craniosynostosis.html. Idasinthidwa Novembala 1, 2018. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 24, 2019.

Graham JM, Sanchez-Lara PA. Craniosynostosis: wamba. Mu: Graham JM, Sanchez-Lara PA, olemba., Eds. Mitundu Yodziwika ya Smith Yosintha Kwaanthu. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 29.

Wachibale SL, Johnston MV. Kobadwa nako anomalies chapakati mantha dongosolo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 609.

Mandela R, Bellew M, Chumas P, Nash H. Mphamvu ya nthawi yochitira opaleshoni ya craniosynostosis pazotsatira za neurodevelopmental: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane. J Neurosurg Wodwala. 2019; 23 (4): 442-454. PMID: 30684935 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684935/.